Workers in STEM occupations (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) are critically important. They drive economic growth and competitiveness through innovations that addresses global challenges and create additional jobs.
According to Britannica, a working group of representatives from U.S. government agencies and offices identified 96 STEM occupations and divided them into two domains with two sub-domains each.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) list of STEM occupations included relevant education fields and social science as STEM careers.
Throughout the second half of the 20th century, officials in developed countries have focused on improving science, mathematics, and technology instruction – to increase literacy in those content areas and expand existing workforces of scientists and engineers. The importance placed on the role of educational programs in preparing students to participate in the workforce and compete in the global economy has been signaled by the continued participation in the early 21st century of dozens of countries in the periodic international comparisons (TIMSS and PISA) of student knowledge and skills. An Australian study on global STEM policies and practices revealed in 2013 that countries worldwide were working to broaden the participation of underrepresented groups (e.g., women/girls) in STEM studies and careers. Efforts were also being made to increase general awareness of STEM careers and provide a deeper understanding of STEM content through application and problem-solving activities.
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