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Female katipō
Female katipō

The katipō (Latrodectus katipo) is a species of cobweb spider found only in New Zealand. It inhabits sand dunes close to the seashore and is found on most of New Zealand's coastline, except for the far south and the West Coast. In the South Island and the lower half of the North Island, the female has a distinct red stripe bordered in white running down its abdomen (example pictured); in more northern populations, this stripe is absent or paler. It is most closely related to the Australian redback spider. Like the redback, the katipō is venomous to humans, with its bite being capable of producing the toxic syndrome latrodectism. Bites are very rare and antivenom is available in some hospitals. It mainly feeds on ground-dwelling insects which it catches with an irregular tangled web spun among dune plants. Due to habitat loss, colonisation of their natural habitat by invasive spiders and hybridisation with the redback spider, the katipō population is regarded as declining. (Full article...)

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Artist's impression of ZTF J1239+8347
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Impossible colors

Impossible colors are colors that do not appear in ordinary visual functioning. Different color theories suggest hypothetical colors that humans are incapable of perceiving for one reason or another, and fictional colors are routinely created in popular culture. While some such colors have no basis in reality, phenomena such as cone-cell fatigue enable colors to be perceived in certain circumstances that would not be otherwise. This image presents three demonstration templates for viewing chimerical colors, a type of impossible color that can only be seen when cone cells in the eyes become fatigued. Such colors are perceived after steadily looking at a strong color (in the left column), then looking a different color (in the middle column) once the cone cells have become fatigued. These templates demonstrate three categories of chimerical colors: stygian colors, which are those that are simultaneously dark and impossibly saturated; self-luminous colors, which have a glowing effect even on non-luminescent media; and hyperbolic colors, which have a saturation beyond the gamut allowed under trichromatic theory.

Template credit: Craig DeForest, after Paul Churchland; edited by Alexander Zhikun He

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