fix(minifier): don't reorder a closed-over TDZ read when inlining a var#23771
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…ar (#23771) ## Summary - The single-use-variable inliner could merge `let num = await f(); g(v, num)` into `g(v, await f())`, moving the read of a closed-over lexical `v` ahead of the `await`. When the enclosing function runs while `v` is still in its Temporal Dead Zone (called before `let v` executes), the merged form throws `ReferenceError: Cannot access 'v' before initialization` while the original does not — a Svelte production-only crash surfaced via rolldown ([rolldown/rolldown#9959](rolldown/rolldown#9959), [sveltejs/svelte#18454](sveltejs/svelte#18454)). - The fix adds a guard, `is_tdz_closed_over_read`, that blocks the reorder only for a **block-scoped binding closed over from an enclosing function** — the one shape that can observe the TDZ across an `await`/`yield`. Same-function lexicals, `var`, and parameters still inline; the member assignment-target path (`v.x = await f()`) gets the same guard. - Covered by `inline_single_use_variable.rs::test_inline_read_before_await_tdz` (closed-over `let`/`const`/`using`/`class`, generator `yield`, member targets, two-level nesting, plus the safe `var` / parameter / same-function cases). Full `oxc_minifier` suite passes; `minsize` unchanged except `bundle.min.js` (+~10 bytes). ## The bug The crash needs `init()` to run *before* `let v` initializes — here it is called in `p`'s initializer (circular imports cause the same shape), so `v` is in its TDZ while `init` runs: ```js let p = init(), v = ext(); async function init() { let num = await foo(); bar(v, num); // reads `v` AFTER the await: the await suspends, module // eval runs `v = ext()`, then `init` resumes → `v` is set } export { p }; ``` Inlining merges the temp into the argument, moving the read *before* the await: ```js // before this PR (incorrect) async function init() { bar(v, await foo()); // reads `v` before the await → still in TDZ → } // ReferenceError: Cannot access 'v' before initialization // after (correct): the temp is preserved, the read stays after the await async function init() { let num = await foo(); bar(v, num); } ``` (With a *normal* late call — `init` imported and invoked after this module finishes evaluating — `v` is already initialized and there is no crash. The inliner still keeps the temp because it cannot prove the call is late.) ## How it works A reorder turns a **working** program into a **crashing** one in exactly one shape: the moved read is a **block-scoped binding** (`let`/`const`/`using`/`class`/`enum`) that is **closed over from an enclosing function**. The mechanism: 1. The enclosing `async`/generator function is called *before* the binding's declaration has run, so the binding is in its TDZ. 2. The original reads it *after* an `await`/`yield`. During that suspension, outer code runs the declaration and initializes the binding — so the read succeeds. 3. Inlining moves the read *before* the `await` (before the suspension), so it now observes the TDZ and throws. A binding declared in the **same** function can't trigger this: the body runs top-to-bottom on every call, so the binding is always initialized before the read — it can't be initialized "mid-suspension" by the function's own later code. `var` / parameters have no TDZ at all. So the guard blocks the reorder exactly when the read is **block-scoped and closed over**, and detects "closed over" structurally — walking from the read's scope out to the binding's declaration scope and checking whether a **function boundary** is crossed first (suspensions only live inside function scopes): ```rust // unsafe to reorder iff: block-scoped binding AND the read crosses a // function boundary before reaching the binding's declaration scope is_block_scoped(symbol) && read_crosses_function_boundary(read_scope, decl_scope) ``` ### Blocked — closed over (kept) Each is kept because `v` is a closed-over block-scoped binding and the inliner can't prove `init` is never called early (see **The bug** above). For the call-argument case, with that early call spelled out: ```js let p = init(), v = ext(); // init() runs before `v = ext()` → `v` in TDZ async function init() { let num = await foo(); bar(v, num); // kept: merging would read `v` before the await → ReferenceError } ``` The same guard covers a member assignment target (the object is read before the write) and generators (`yield` is a suspension point too): ```js // member target let v = ext(); export async function init() { let num = await foo(); v.x = num; } // kept // generator let v = ext(); export function* init() { let num = yield foo(); bar(v, num); } // kept ``` ### Still inlined — no TDZ hazard ```js // parameter: not block-scoped, no TDZ export async function init(v) { let num = await foo(); bar(v, num); // → bar(v, await foo()) } // `var`: function-scoped, no TDZ export async function init() { var v = ext(); let num = await foo(); bar(v, num); // → bar(ext(), await foo()) } // same-function lexical: initialized before the read export function outer() { const v = ext(); return bar(v, ext2()); // → return bar(ext(), ext2()) } ``` ## Comparison with other minifiers Verified by minifying each case and running the output (early-call repro where `init()` runs before `let v` initializes): | Case | Sound to fold? | this PR | esbuild | terser | SWC | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | closed-over `let v` as call arg `g(v, num)` | no (TDZ) | keep ✓ | keep ✓ | keep ✓ | fold ✗ | | closed-over `let v` as member target `v.x = num` | no (TDZ) | keep ✓ | keep ✓ | keep ✓ | fold ✗ | | plain assign `v = num` | yes | fold | fold | keep | fold | | same-function `const` skipped past | yes | inline | keep | inline | inline | | parameter `v` as call arg | yes | fold | keep | keep | fold | esbuild and terser already decline the unsound reorder; this PR aligns oxc with them on the two TDZ cases while keeping oxc's existing (sound) folds on the rest. SWC currently performs the same unsound reorder and reproduces the `ReferenceError`.
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### 💥 BREAKING CHANGES - 94fbacb ast: [**BREAKING**] Only export `AstBuilder` and `NONE` in `builder` module (#23876) (overlookmotel) - 8de5122 ecmascript: [**BREAKING**] Switch to new `AstBuilder` (#23834) (overlookmotel) - dc0ef38 transformer: [**BREAKING**] Switch to new `AstBuilder` (#23831) (overlookmotel) - 88f4455 str: [**BREAKING**] `Str` and `Ident` methods take `&GetAllocator` (#23781) (overlookmotel) - 36009dd allocator: [**BREAKING**] `GetAllocator::allocator` take `&self` (#23676) (overlookmotel) - bd74f9d allocator: [**BREAKING**] Rename `AllocatorAccessor` trait to `GetAllocator` (#23675) (overlookmotel) ### 🚀 Features - 326fe25 transformer_plugins: Support `typeof` `define` keys (#23605) (Alexander Lichter) - f2091b3 ast: Unify old and new `AstBuilder`s (#23875) (overlookmotel) - cd1fd12 codegen: Expose `Codegen::print_string` API (#23785) (camc314) - 785461b ast: Add custom builder methods to AST types (#23651) (overlookmotel) - 05d1357 ast: Add AST creation methods to AST types (#23650) (overlookmotel) - 2580eda str: Add `Str::from_str_in` and `Ident::from_str_in` methods (#23767) (overlookmotel) - 6883fcf minifier: Fold write-once falsy var to false in boolean context (#23540) (Dunqing) - fcbf993 allocator: Add `Vec::from_value_in` method (#23718) (overlookmotel) - 989ddb7 allocator: Add `Vec::from_box_in` method (#23717) (overlookmotel) - 9d1aa7f allocator: Improve `PartialEq` for `Vec` (#23716) (overlookmotel) ### 🐛 Bug Fixes - da0e5bf minifier: Don't reorder a closed-over TDZ read when inlining a var (#23771) (Dunqing) - 0b3021f allocator: Remove `Vec::from_box_in` (#23873) (overlookmotel) - 0ab64ec ast: Silence deprecation warnings within files defining deprecated `AstBuilder` methods (#23889) (overlookmotel) - 8c07cad all: Enable `disable_old_builder` Cargo feature for `oxc_ast` crate in tests (#23888) (overlookmotel) - 3800f01 ast: Legacy `AstBuilder` methods take `self` not `&self` (#23891) (overlookmotel) - 869ac20 semantic/cfg: Connect for update exit to loop test (#23791) (camc314) - d3e92d5 semantic/cfg: Connect while branches from condition exit (#23790) (camc314) - 025045d ast: `ExportNamedDeclaration` plain builder methods return boxed nodes (#23783) (overlookmotel) - 7537c58 ast: Fix name of `AstBuilder` method for `Expression::V8IntrinsicExpression` (#23766) (overlookmotel) - 3f574f5 traverse: Fix unsoundness in `Traverse` walk functions (#23745) (overlookmotel) - 585760f parser: String in AST reference arena (#23721) (overlookmotel) - 7231d55 allocator: Fix unsound lifetime extension in `Box::new_in` (#23685) (overlookmotel) ### ⚡ Performance - d5c916a semantic: Flatten hoisting_variables to avoid per-scope map allocation (#23927) (Lawrence Lin) - e71609d minifier: Bail member-expr folding before the side-effect walk (#23924) (Lawrence Lin) - e1f89ab minifier: Reduce string allocations folding addition (#23846) (overlookmotel) - 9f6ee3b isolated-declarations: Pool scope maps to avoid per-scope alloc/rehash (#23761) (Boshen) - 0b07c4c semantic: Avoid heap alloc for catch-clause binding ids (#23911) (Lawrence Lin) - c5eef8b regular_expression: Skip capturing-group pre-parse when pattern has no `(` (#23908) (Lawrence Lin) - b4f5b4b isolated_declarations: Remove redundant clone of formal parameter pattern (#23912) (Lawrence Lin) - 53d083f isolated_declarations: Use `TakeIn` not `CloneIn` (#23847) (overlookmotel) - 3ea9304 react_compiler: Use faster API to arena allocate strings (#23849) (overlookmotel) - a6d8e45 parser: Avoid span lookup for arrow expression body (#23788) (camc314) - e1886a0 transformer, minifier: Use `static_ident!` macro to create static `Ident`s (#23727) (overlookmotel) - 5527bef transformer/object-rest-spread: Reduce iteration (#23720) (overlookmotel) - 680ffbc transformer: Allocate AST nodes in arena directly (#23711) (overlookmotel) - 1c63c66 parser: Allocate AST nodes in arena directly (#23712) (overlookmotel) - 3855f0c minifier: Allocate AST nodes in arena directly (#23710) (overlookmotel) - d025887 isolated_declarations: Allocate AST nodes in arena directly (#23709) (overlookmotel) - 10b96c6 parser: Remove string search from parsing JSX element name (#23713) (overlookmotel) ### 📚 Documentation - 3d61dea all: Correct capitalization in comments (#23887) (overlookmotel) - aa1ad74 ast: Add `#[deprecated]` to legacy `AstBuilder` methods (#23877) (overlookmotel) - a4676db ast: Correct doc comment for `NONE` (#23765) (overlookmotel) - 419ec80 syntax: Fix typo in doc comment (#23674) (overlookmotel) ### 🛡️ Security - 3cdd18f deps: Update npm packages (#23690) (renovate[bot]) Co-authored-by: Boshen <1430279+Boshen@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Cameron <cameron.clark@hey.com>
…ar (#23771) ## Summary - The single-use-variable inliner could merge `let num = await f(); g(v, num)` into `g(v, await f())`, moving the read of a closed-over lexical `v` ahead of the `await`. When the enclosing function runs while `v` is still in its Temporal Dead Zone (called before `let v` executes), the merged form throws `ReferenceError: Cannot access 'v' before initialization` while the original does not — a Svelte production-only crash surfaced via rolldown ([rolldown/rolldown#9959](rolldown/rolldown#9959), [sveltejs/svelte#18454](sveltejs/svelte#18454)). - The fix adds a guard, `is_tdz_closed_over_read`, that blocks the reorder only for a **block-scoped binding closed over from an enclosing function** — the one shape that can observe the TDZ across an `await`/`yield`. Same-function lexicals, `var`, and parameters still inline; the member assignment-target path (`v.x = await f()`) gets the same guard. - Covered by `inline_single_use_variable.rs::test_inline_read_before_await_tdz` (closed-over `let`/`const`/`using`/`class`, generator `yield`, member targets, two-level nesting, plus the safe `var` / parameter / same-function cases). Full `oxc_minifier` suite passes; `minsize` unchanged except `bundle.min.js` (+~10 bytes). ## The bug The crash needs `init()` to run *before* `let v` initializes — here it is called in `p`'s initializer (circular imports cause the same shape), so `v` is in its TDZ while `init` runs: ```js let p = init(), v = ext(); async function init() { let num = await foo(); bar(v, num); // reads `v` AFTER the await: the await suspends, module // eval runs `v = ext()`, then `init` resumes → `v` is set } export { p }; ``` Inlining merges the temp into the argument, moving the read *before* the await: ```js // before this PR (incorrect) async function init() { bar(v, await foo()); // reads `v` before the await → still in TDZ → } // ReferenceError: Cannot access 'v' before initialization // after (correct): the temp is preserved, the read stays after the await async function init() { let num = await foo(); bar(v, num); } ``` (With a *normal* late call — `init` imported and invoked after this module finishes evaluating — `v` is already initialized and there is no crash. The inliner still keeps the temp because it cannot prove the call is late.) ## How it works A reorder turns a **working** program into a **crashing** one in exactly one shape: the moved read is a **block-scoped binding** (`let`/`const`/`using`/`class`/`enum`) that is **closed over from an enclosing function**. The mechanism: 1. The enclosing `async`/generator function is called *before* the binding's declaration has run, so the binding is in its TDZ. 2. The original reads it *after* an `await`/`yield`. During that suspension, outer code runs the declaration and initializes the binding — so the read succeeds. 3. Inlining moves the read *before* the `await` (before the suspension), so it now observes the TDZ and throws. A binding declared in the **same** function can't trigger this: the body runs top-to-bottom on every call, so the binding is always initialized before the read — it can't be initialized "mid-suspension" by the function's own later code. `var` / parameters have no TDZ at all. So the guard blocks the reorder exactly when the read is **block-scoped and closed over**, and detects "closed over" structurally — walking from the read's scope out to the binding's declaration scope and checking whether a **function boundary** is crossed first (suspensions only live inside function scopes): ```rust // unsafe to reorder iff: block-scoped binding AND the read crosses a // function boundary before reaching the binding's declaration scope is_block_scoped(symbol) && read_crosses_function_boundary(read_scope, decl_scope) ``` ### Blocked — closed over (kept) Each is kept because `v` is a closed-over block-scoped binding and the inliner can't prove `init` is never called early (see **The bug** above). For the call-argument case, with that early call spelled out: ```js let p = init(), v = ext(); // init() runs before `v = ext()` → `v` in TDZ async function init() { let num = await foo(); bar(v, num); // kept: merging would read `v` before the await → ReferenceError } ``` The same guard covers a member assignment target (the object is read before the write) and generators (`yield` is a suspension point too): ```js // member target let v = ext(); export async function init() { let num = await foo(); v.x = num; } // kept // generator let v = ext(); export function* init() { let num = yield foo(); bar(v, num); } // kept ``` ### Still inlined — no TDZ hazard ```js // parameter: not block-scoped, no TDZ export async function init(v) { let num = await foo(); bar(v, num); // → bar(v, await foo()) } // `var`: function-scoped, no TDZ export async function init() { var v = ext(); let num = await foo(); bar(v, num); // → bar(ext(), await foo()) } // same-function lexical: initialized before the read export function outer() { const v = ext(); return bar(v, ext2()); // → return bar(ext(), ext2()) } ``` ## Comparison with other minifiers Verified by minifying each case and running the output (early-call repro where `init()` runs before `let v` initializes): | Case | Sound to fold? | this PR | esbuild | terser | SWC | |---|---|---|---|---|---| | closed-over `let v` as call arg `g(v, num)` | no (TDZ) | keep ✓ | keep ✓ | keep ✓ | fold ✗ | | closed-over `let v` as member target `v.x = num` | no (TDZ) | keep ✓ | keep ✓ | keep ✓ | fold ✗ | | plain assign `v = num` | yes | fold | fold | keep | fold | | same-function `const` skipped past | yes | inline | keep | inline | inline | | parameter `v` as call arg | yes | fold | keep | keep | fold | esbuild and terser already decline the unsound reorder; this PR aligns oxc with them on the two TDZ cases while keeping oxc's existing (sound) folds on the rest. SWC currently performs the same unsound reorder and reproduces the `ReferenceError`.
### 💥 BREAKING CHANGES - 94fbacb ast: [**BREAKING**] Only export `AstBuilder` and `NONE` in `builder` module (#23876) (overlookmotel) - 8de5122 ecmascript: [**BREAKING**] Switch to new `AstBuilder` (#23834) (overlookmotel) - dc0ef38 transformer: [**BREAKING**] Switch to new `AstBuilder` (#23831) (overlookmotel) - 88f4455 str: [**BREAKING**] `Str` and `Ident` methods take `&GetAllocator` (#23781) (overlookmotel) - 36009dd allocator: [**BREAKING**] `GetAllocator::allocator` take `&self` (#23676) (overlookmotel) - bd74f9d allocator: [**BREAKING**] Rename `AllocatorAccessor` trait to `GetAllocator` (#23675) (overlookmotel) ### 🚀 Features - 326fe25 transformer_plugins: Support `typeof` `define` keys (#23605) (Alexander Lichter) - f2091b3 ast: Unify old and new `AstBuilder`s (#23875) (overlookmotel) - cd1fd12 codegen: Expose `Codegen::print_string` API (#23785) (camc314) - 785461b ast: Add custom builder methods to AST types (#23651) (overlookmotel) - 05d1357 ast: Add AST creation methods to AST types (#23650) (overlookmotel) - 2580eda str: Add `Str::from_str_in` and `Ident::from_str_in` methods (#23767) (overlookmotel) - 6883fcf minifier: Fold write-once falsy var to false in boolean context (#23540) (Dunqing) - fcbf993 allocator: Add `Vec::from_value_in` method (#23718) (overlookmotel) - 989ddb7 allocator: Add `Vec::from_box_in` method (#23717) (overlookmotel) - 9d1aa7f allocator: Improve `PartialEq` for `Vec` (#23716) (overlookmotel) ### 🐛 Bug Fixes - da0e5bf minifier: Don't reorder a closed-over TDZ read when inlining a var (#23771) (Dunqing) - 0b3021f allocator: Remove `Vec::from_box_in` (#23873) (overlookmotel) - 0ab64ec ast: Silence deprecation warnings within files defining deprecated `AstBuilder` methods (#23889) (overlookmotel) - 8c07cad all: Enable `disable_old_builder` Cargo feature for `oxc_ast` crate in tests (#23888) (overlookmotel) - 3800f01 ast: Legacy `AstBuilder` methods take `self` not `&self` (#23891) (overlookmotel) - 869ac20 semantic/cfg: Connect for update exit to loop test (#23791) (camc314) - d3e92d5 semantic/cfg: Connect while branches from condition exit (#23790) (camc314) - 025045d ast: `ExportNamedDeclaration` plain builder methods return boxed nodes (#23783) (overlookmotel) - 7537c58 ast: Fix name of `AstBuilder` method for `Expression::V8IntrinsicExpression` (#23766) (overlookmotel) - 3f574f5 traverse: Fix unsoundness in `Traverse` walk functions (#23745) (overlookmotel) - 585760f parser: String in AST reference arena (#23721) (overlookmotel) - 7231d55 allocator: Fix unsound lifetime extension in `Box::new_in` (#23685) (overlookmotel) ### ⚡ Performance - d5c916a semantic: Flatten hoisting_variables to avoid per-scope map allocation (#23927) (Lawrence Lin) - e71609d minifier: Bail member-expr folding before the side-effect walk (#23924) (Lawrence Lin) - e1f89ab minifier: Reduce string allocations folding addition (#23846) (overlookmotel) - 9f6ee3b isolated-declarations: Pool scope maps to avoid per-scope alloc/rehash (#23761) (Boshen) - 0b07c4c semantic: Avoid heap alloc for catch-clause binding ids (#23911) (Lawrence Lin) - c5eef8b regular_expression: Skip capturing-group pre-parse when pattern has no `(` (#23908) (Lawrence Lin) - b4f5b4b isolated_declarations: Remove redundant clone of formal parameter pattern (#23912) (Lawrence Lin) - 53d083f isolated_declarations: Use `TakeIn` not `CloneIn` (#23847) (overlookmotel) - 3ea9304 react_compiler: Use faster API to arena allocate strings (#23849) (overlookmotel) - a6d8e45 parser: Avoid span lookup for arrow expression body (#23788) (camc314) - e1886a0 transformer, minifier: Use `static_ident!` macro to create static `Ident`s (#23727) (overlookmotel) - 5527bef transformer/object-rest-spread: Reduce iteration (#23720) (overlookmotel) - 680ffbc transformer: Allocate AST nodes in arena directly (#23711) (overlookmotel) - 1c63c66 parser: Allocate AST nodes in arena directly (#23712) (overlookmotel) - 3855f0c minifier: Allocate AST nodes in arena directly (#23710) (overlookmotel) - d025887 isolated_declarations: Allocate AST nodes in arena directly (#23709) (overlookmotel) - 10b96c6 parser: Remove string search from parsing JSX element name (#23713) (overlookmotel) ### 📚 Documentation - 3d61dea all: Correct capitalization in comments (#23887) (overlookmotel) - aa1ad74 ast: Add `#[deprecated]` to legacy `AstBuilder` methods (#23877) (overlookmotel) - a4676db ast: Correct doc comment for `NONE` (#23765) (overlookmotel) - 419ec80 syntax: Fix typo in doc comment (#23674) (overlookmotel) ### 🛡️ Security - 3cdd18f deps: Update npm packages (#23690) (renovate[bot]) Co-authored-by: Boshen <1430279+Boshen@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Cameron <cameron.clark@hey.com>

Summary
let num = await f(); g(v, num)intog(v, await f()), moving the read of a closed-over lexicalvahead of theawait. When the enclosing function runs whilevis still in its Temporal Dead Zone (called beforelet vexecutes), the merged form throwsReferenceError: Cannot access 'v' before initializationwhile the original does not — a Svelte production-only crash surfaced via rolldown (rolldown/rolldown#9959, sveltejs/svelte#18454).is_tdz_closed_over_read, that blocks the reorder only for a block-scoped binding closed over from an enclosing function — the one shape that can observe the TDZ across anawait/yield. Same-function lexicals,var, and parameters still inline; the member assignment-target path (v.x = await f()) gets the same guard.inline_single_use_variable.rs::test_inline_read_before_await_tdz(closed-overlet/const/using/class, generatoryield, member targets, two-level nesting, plus the safevar/ parameter / same-function cases). Fulloxc_minifiersuite passes;minsizeunchanged exceptbundle.min.js(+~10 bytes).The bug
The crash needs
init()to run beforelet vinitializes — here it is called inp's initializer (circular imports cause the same shape), sovis in its TDZ whileinitruns:Inlining merges the temp into the argument, moving the read before the await:
(With a normal late call —
initimported and invoked after this module finishes evaluating —vis already initialized and there is no crash. The inliner still keeps the temp because it cannot prove the call is late.)How it works
A reorder turns a working program into a crashing one in exactly one shape: the moved read is a block-scoped binding (
let/const/using/class/enum) that is closed over from an enclosing function. The mechanism:async/generator function is called before the binding's declaration has run, so the binding is in its TDZ.await/yield. During that suspension, outer code runs the declaration and initializes the binding — so the read succeeds.await(before the suspension), so it now observes the TDZ and throws.A binding declared in the same function can't trigger this: the body runs top-to-bottom on every call, so the binding is always initialized before the read — it can't be initialized "mid-suspension" by the function's own later code.
var/ parameters have no TDZ at all.So the guard blocks the reorder exactly when the read is block-scoped and closed over, and detects "closed over" structurally — walking from the read's scope out to the binding's declaration scope and checking whether a function boundary is crossed first (suspensions only live inside function scopes):
Blocked — closed over (kept)
Each is kept because
vis a closed-over block-scoped binding and the inliner can't proveinitis never called early (see The bug above). For the call-argument case, with that early call spelled out:The same guard covers a member assignment target (the object is read before the write) and generators (
yieldis a suspension point too):Still inlined — no TDZ hazard
Comparison with other minifiers
Verified by minifying each case and running the output (early-call repro where
init()runs beforelet vinitializes):let vas call argg(v, num)let vas member targetv.x = numv = numconstskipped pastvas call argesbuild and terser already decline the unsound reorder; this PR aligns oxc with them on the two TDZ cases while keeping oxc's existing (sound) folds on the rest. SWC currently performs the same unsound reorder and reproduces the
ReferenceError.