That is actually a sequence that can be used in correct English, but how I got to it would lead one to believe otherwise. Or at least it led me to be suspicious of it. “By purpose or design…” makes sense.
Now consider “by accident” and “on purpose.”
“Goodyear discovered vulcanizing by accident when he left rubber and sulfur on a hot stove.”
“Yeah, who would leave sulfur on a hot stove on purpose?”
Now, a common[1], and grating, usage I hear more and more is “on accident” and that led to wondering if anyone used the title phrase similarly. Imagine…
“Don’t be too hard on him, he only hit me by accident.”
“No, I darn well hit you by purpose!”
Doesn’t work, does it?
Oh, a correct usage?
“..the layout is generally determined by brand rather than by purpose and with no real organization by size or color — or by anything.” – Ludwig Guru
[1] Supposedly rare outside the USA, and the older one is, the less likely one is to use it. The alleged cutoff, is, supposedly, at time of writing, about age 40.
