How are other tracking technologies, like web beacons and device fingerprinting, used?

Cookies are not the only way to recognize or track visitors to a website.  We may use other, similar, technologies from time to time, like web beacons (technology used to track activity such as visiting the Site or opening an email that we have sent; sometimes called “tracking pixels” or “clear gifs”) or JavaScript (placed within the code of the Site).  Web beacons are tiny graphics files that contain a unique identifier that enable us to recognize when someone has visited the Site or opened an email that we have sent them.  JavaScript is short code built into the Site and these scripts activate when you request an HTML page with JavaScript in it.  The script is sent to the browser and serves a similar purpose to a web beacon as, if the script is initiated, it allows us to infer you have either opened or done something on a particular page.  These technologies allow us to, for example, monitor the traffic patterns of users from one page within the Site to another, count visits, deliver or communicate with cookies, understand whether you have come to the Site from an online advertisement displayed on a third-party website, improve Site performance, monitor Site navigation patterns and feature usage, and understand email reads and marketing campaign effectiveness.  In many instances, these technologies are reliant on cookies to function properly, and, as such, declining cookies will impair their functionality.  We may also use “device fingerprinting” or “browser fingerprinting.” This is technology used to identify particular machines or browsers in order to detect and prevent fraud and for information and network security.  Declining cookies may not affect device or browser fingerprinting.