
Chris Hayes’s 2025 book is titled The Sirens’ Call — How Attention Became the World’s Most Endangered Resource. The title nods to Odysseus’s striving to resist the Sirens’ song that could destroy him. The subtitle is a bit off: attention is not “endangered” but becoming a giant sinkhole. Hosting an MSNBC show, Hayes is much concerned with how people pay attention.
He explores the biological substrate. Our great “survival of the fittest” adaptation was social cooperation within the group. Thus the importance of people paying attention to each other; and the development of language. Hayes notes that apes, for example, maintain social connection mainly through grooming rituals. But language enables interacting with multiple people simultaneously — and while doing other things besides. A huge efficiency gain.

Fame is a form of attention, and as a TV personality Hayes gives a fascinating account of his own experience. Becoming very conscious of how others see him. A big psychological adjustment. Noting that a person has twin aspects: one’s inner experience, and operating out in the world. The two are very separate. Fame messes with that boundary.
Hayes started almost obsessively wondering if people look at him because they recognize him. That, and their saying nice things, was titillating for a time, but eventually became so routine it lost its sparkle. However, interestingly, nasty things said about him, even if only online, really got under his skin.
A key theme in the book is how, for many people, when it comes to that dichotomy between inner and outer realms, the outer is surpassingly important. Driven by those ancestral genes centralizing social connection. That’s why solitary confinement is such harsh punishment. People can literally go mad without social stimuli.
I myself am much engaged with the outside world; yet it’s my inner existence that is central. Almost as though the outside is some sort of phantasm.
And yet, contradictorily, I grew up imagining that my life would be meaningless unless I made some mark and gained renown. Then I published a book that got a lot of attention, at least locally, a wee taste of fame. And that cured me. The attention felt nice, but didn’t elevate me to some higher plane of being, as I’d envisioned. (I still was getting nowhere with girls.)

Teaching me that thoughts about me, in the minds of strangers who don’t matter to me, don’t matter to me. (I’ve also learned that nothing about me matters much to them.) A very buddhist attitude, says my wife, who’s studied about buddhism.
Hayes writes about social media’s advent as a giant game-changer for the whole human attention landscape. Thus my initial comment that far from scarcity, attention is becoming a voracious monster. A lot of people seem to regard how many “likes” they get as almost a live-or-die thing.

As if “likes” really matter. But (as in my publication lesson above) they’re not the same as attention paid you by people with real connections to you. Social media feedback of various sorts is very largely a simulacrum of genuine social attention. As an ersatz form of it, that can seem to assuage the craving without really providing anything meaningful.
This is one way in which the internet, far from broadening people’s perspectives as once hoped, instead severs them from reality. Indeed, more broadly, the book shows how the modern information landscape is not that at all, but a hall of mirrors whose “information” has little nexus with what people really need to know and understand about the world.

Hayes invokes the 1858 Lincoln-Douglas debates (over what to do about slavery) as a touchstone for model public discourse, treating seriously with an issue. Impossible today. He does note one instance where a reality managed to break through to many people, who saw what an atrocity was unfolding in Gaza, and faulted the Biden administration’s culpability. And yet . . . that resulted in more votes for Trump, whose public stance on the issue was a muddle, but who was an even bigger apologist for Israel. WTF??
Essential to democracy is holding public officials to account. America used to, if anything, go overboard, intolerant toward politicians’ foibles. Now we blow off even felony convictions. Maybe even see that positively, making a candidate more interesting and thus perversely attractive. Trump’s m.o. has always been to hog attention, no matter what it takes, good or bad. Badness predominates, yet it works for him. He’s the biggest celebrity since Napoleon.
It’s not just Cronkite-style news that’s falling away, it’s any kind of rational discourse. Blogging like mine was already passe when I started in 2008. Nevertheless, the more I posted, the more people would find my site by googling various terms, and traffic rose. But that peaked in 2017 and has been falling since, despite the ever-increasing content. Few want to read thousand word essays any more. Preferring to scroll through amusing little videos. I should do my shtick while dancing on Tiktok.

Our attention is hijacked by those other types of mesmerizing online content because those responsible have huge financial reasons for achieving that. They monetize our attention by selling it to advertisers. Their algorithms are engineered to keep you on your phone as long as possible, so more ads can be thrown at you. And cunning algorithms exploit information about you to furthermore make those ads trigger your attention to them. So the platforms can charge advertisers all the more.
And, Hayes says, when contending forces vie for people’s attention, “amusement will outcompete information, and spectacle will outcompete arguments. The more easily something attracts our attention, the lower its cognitive load . . . Why read a book when you can watch a movie? Why read a newspaper when you can play a video game?”
Hayes invokes the term “enshittification” for what’s happening in the online realm. And the kicker is that much evidence shows people’s fixation on phone shit is not making them happier, but more miserable, with sharp rises in depression, alienation, and suicide, especially among younger people (as per Jonathan Haidt’s book The Anxious Generation), who don’t even know what pre-iPhone life was like. Why not throw those damned things away?

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