InCommon evolved from Internet2’s efforts in trusted access to resources, which have been ongoing since 1998. In 2000, Internet2 received the first of what would become 10 federal agency awards, with Ken Klingenstein as principal investigator. The awards include nine from the National Science Foundation and one from the Department of Commerce. This led to the creation of the Internet2 Middleware Initiative, and both Shibboleth and InCommon grew out of that program early on.
Since that time, InCommon has also developed the InCommon Certificate Service (in 2010), providing unlimited server and other types of security certificates for higher education and research. In 2016, InCommon assumed responsibility for eduroam in the U.S., which provides seamless roaming wi-fi access at participating organizations.
In 2014, 49 higher ed organizations made a three-year commitment totaling $3.7 million to integrate the software that grew out of the Middleware Initiative and became widely deployed among education and research institutions. This funding was augmented by an allocation of a portion of Internet2 membership fees, as well. Known as TIER (Trust and Identity for Education and Research), the effort addressed a broad range of topics, including integrated middleware, authentication and authorization, privacy management, and services for virtual organizations.
The TIER program ended in December 2018. An increase in InCommon participation fees and continued support from Internet2 will ensure that the now-integrated identity and access management suite of software will be sustained for the future.