Civil procedure — Service of process on statutory bodies — Local Governance Act 2016 (Act 936) s.211 prescribes service on the District/Municipal Chief Executive — Specific statutory procedure overrides general rules (C.I.59) — Service on subordinate/clerical secretary invalid — Coordinating Director as statutory "secretary".

Interpleader – attachment of land – ownership and proprietary interest – requirement for written and registered instrument to create mortgage/charge – estoppel by conduct – burden of proof: preponderance of probabilities

Jurisdiction – ECOWAS Court – Article 9(4) – allegation of human rights violation sufficient; Admissibility – Article 10(d) – not manifestly inadmissible; Alleged violations – unlawful arrest, torture, degrading treatment, malicious prosecution; Procedure – merits to be heard; costs reserved.

Jurisdiction — Community public-service jurisdiction v. human-rights jurisdiction; Admissibility — exhaustion of internal remedies under Article 73(b) of ECOWAS Staff Regulations; Due process in disciplinary proceedings — requirement of written notification of charges, constitution of an independent disciplinary committee, adherence to timelines and reporting obligations (Articles 92–95); Duty to give a reasoned decision and proportionality of sanctions; Remedies — reinstatement or salary in lieu, arrears, moral and material damages, record expungement, and costs.

Third-party proceedings (Art.91 Rules) – Admissibility and time-limit – Jurisdiction to vary prior judgment – Ownership dispute of mobile turbine power stations – Human-rights protection versus private commercial dispute – Amendment/striking out of property-finding and reparations in earlier judgment.

Contempt of court — elements: order, knowledge, willful non‑compliance; Contempt proceedings are quasi‑criminal — proof beyond reasonable doubt; Indirect contempt via third parties; Burden of proof on applicant; Committal requires clear, unambiguous evidence

Human rights jurisdiction — ECOWAS Court competence; admissibility — no requirement to exhaust domestic remedies; victim status; torture threshold requires specific intent/purpose; right to physical integrity (ACHPR Article 4); compensation for bodily injury.

Land law – proof of root of title, mode of acquisition and acts of possession – registration at Lands Commission – default and unchallenged evidence treated as admission – trespass – remedies: declaration of title, recovery of possession, perpetual injunction, damages and costs

Human rights jurisdiction — admissibility (no exhaustion requirement) — victim status — distinction between torture/cruel treatment and unlawful use of force — violation of physical integrity — compensation awarded.