Costs – taxation – self-actor appearing in person – recoverability of counsel’s fees and disbursements – bill must relate exclusively to specific matter – agency and Rule 9(1) compliance – authenticity of receipts – improper uploading of heads after matter struck off

Trusts and corporate personality – Piercing corporate veil – extraordinary remedy requiring fraud, dishonesty or abuse – control/overlap of trustees insufficient – enforcement of judgment as distinct cause of action – prescription, misjoinder and disputes of fact on motion

Civil procedure — cancellation of title deed — collateral attack on transfer effected under default Magistrates’ Court order — presumption of validity of extant court orders — requirement to seek rescission of default judgment before collateral relief — territorial jurisdiction and personal service — Rule 61 (SI 202/2021) obliges service on Master but non-citation not fatal

Declaratory relief (s14
High Court Act) — Johnsen threshold of direct and substantial interest; abuse of process — declaratur as cloak for review; finality/Henderson principle; execution and eviction orders; Sheriff affidavit; punitive costs

Criminal law – sexual intercourse with a child – mandatory minimum ten‑year sentence where offender HIV‑positive – special circumstances test – sentencing – referral/transfer to High Court under s 225(b)

Criminal law – Murder – aggravating circumstances (group attack, defiance of court order, use of weapon) – Sentencing Guidelines S.I. 146 of 2023 – statutory minimum 20 years for aggravated murder – co‑perpetrator liability (s196A) does not dilute individual punishment

Eviction; rei vindicatio; locus standi and alleged fugitive of justice; mining rights v surface rights; burden of proof — certificate of registration; default of opposing party; punitive costs on legal practitioner and client scale

Contempt of court – enforcement of interdict – elements: existence of order, service/knowledge, wilful non‑compliance – admissibility of third‑party photographic/video evidence – "dirty hands" doctrine rejected as threshold bar – disputes of fact on affidavit: robust common‑sense approach – suspended fine and suspended committal – enforcement via writ and police/sheriff investigation

Civil procedure — Plea in bar/abatement (res judicata) — Requirement that prior judgment decide same cause on merits; rei vindicatio vs estate administration; clean hands doctrine and Rule 69(1) enforcement

Interpleader – Rule 63 – leave to file supplementary evidence; Execution – upliftment of attachment – "special circumstances"; Deeds Registries Act s11 – sequence of transfers; Title deed prima facie only; Improvements and unjust enrichment; Court’s control over execution process