Criminal law – Conviction on circumstantial and corroborated confession evidence – admissibility of confessions after trial-within-a-trial; Identification – credibility of witness identification at night; Constitutional law – Article 23(8) remand credit requires arithmetical deduction; Sentencing – appellate re-sentencing where sentence is illegal

Criminal law – committal for trial – failure to commit for a specific charge renders subsequent conviction a nullity; Assessors – unsworn assessors are a procedural irregularity but not automatically fatal absent prejudice; Indictment and plea – failure to record reading of indictment is directory if no prejudice; Prima facie ruling – omission may be cured where defence called and no miscarriage shown; Identification – familiar voice, torchlight and proximity can support conviction; Sentencing – appellate interference only where sentence illegal or manifestly excessive

Criminal procedure — Revision — Appealability — Jurisdiction — High Court revision decisions not appealable to Court of Appeal absent statutory provision — Article 134(2), Judicature Act, Criminal Procedure Code ss.48,50 — binding Supreme Court precedent

Criminal law – Murder – circumstantial evidence – last-seen doctrine – standard: proof beyond reasonable doubt – common intention – need for corroboration and exclusion of reasonable alternative hypotheses

Criminal law – Aggravated defilement – Sentencing – Aggravating factors (victim age, mental disability, physical injuries, HIV exposure, breach of trust) – Appellate interference with sentence limited – Consistency in sentencing guidance but case-by-case determination

Criminal law — Aggravated defilement; sentencing principles; appellate interference with sentence; aggravating factors: victim's age and parental trust; consistency in sentencing

Criminal law – Right to interpreter – applicability only where accused cannot understand trial language; Alibi – burden remains on prosecution to displace alibi by placing accused at scene; Child sexual offences – weight of consistent, prompt complaint and medical corroboration; Sentencing – appellate re-sentencing where trial court omits mitigation and fails to account for pre-trial custody; Section 11 Judicature Act powers to re-sentence

Criminal law – Aggravated robbery – Sentencing – Whether sentence is manifestly excessive – Youth of offender as mitigating factor – Late plea of guilty – Deduction of pre-trial custody – Appellate interference with sentence

Civil procedure — Stay of execution — Requirements for preservative relief: pending suit, imminent threat of execution, absence of unreasonable delay, balance of convenience — Lis pendens (section 6 CPA) — Matrimonial property and spousal consent — Fraudulent mortgage allegation — Security for due performance

Parliamentary elections — service of petition — strict timelines — Rule 19 enlargement of time for special circumstances — Rule 6(4)-(5) substituted service — publication, affixation, electronic transmission permitted