In 1969, two charters were issued. The first provided for the nationalization of the university and the annexation of its colleges by the University of Baghdad and the second established the Baghdad Institute of Technology, which took over the university campus. The Baghdad Institute of Technology became the nucleus for what would become known as the Foundation of Technical Education (FTE). FTE subsequently expanded to reach a total of 42 technical colleges and institutes covering the entire country, a large network which was difficult for a single administrative body to oversee


