Reading The Divine Comedy

It had to come to an end, my ‘project’ reads which I read slowly with my friend Liz have so far been excellent. Fun, insightful, educational and given us a lot to talk about; even Finnegan’s Wake, which at times filled us with fury, we still managed to finish and left the impression of a worthwhile struggle.

So after reading The Aeniad last year, the natural step was to Dante and his adventure into the underworld with Virgil as his guide. We began with sharpened pencils, clean notebooks, enthusiasm and crisp new texts. The background politics of Medieval Florence and Dante’s family was fascinating.

In 1300 Dante Alighieri was one of the most prominent citizens of his day, but in 1301 his party was ousted from power and in 1302 at the age of 36 he was accused of corruption and exiled from Florence, until his death in 1321.

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Forbidden Notebook

How interesting that in Rome in 1950 tobacconists weren’t allowed to sell notebooks on a sunday as that would give them an unfair advantage over stationary shops which weren’t allowed to open at all! 43 year old Valeria Cossati, however, has spied some notebooks while queueing to buy cigarettes for her husband and for reasons unknown to her feels that she must have one.

“‘I need it’ I said, ‘I absolutely need it.’ I was speaking in a whisper, agitated, ready to insist, plead. So he looked around, then quickly grabbed a notebook and handed it to me across the counter, saying: ‘Hide it under your coat.'”

For more than two weeks Valeria keeps the notebook hidden, unable to think of anything to write, but constantly moving it around afraid of it being found either by her husband, Michele or their grown up children, Riccardo and Mirella. Hesitatingly, she broach’s the idea of writing a diary to her family who immediately fall on her, cuddling and caressing her, while laughing and asking her what would she write about, before teasing her over a secret diary, maybe she wants to write a love diary. Humiliated and embarassed, Valeria moves the diary from its hiding place smuggled amongst the laundry to an empty biscuit tin and begins to write.

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The Aeneid

It’s been about 700 years since the gods saved Aeneas from Achilles’ sword in The Iliad; saved him because his destiny is to be the founder of Rome and the Roman Empire. Not to be outshone by the cultural accomplishments of the Greeks, Virgil takes up the story of Aeneas and mirrors Homer by telling it as an epic poem on an heroic scale.

Aeneas is the brave warrior, who will sacrifice everything in his commitment to fulfil his destiny; while through his ancestry, which he can trace directly to Zeus, he links Rome with her mythical origins.

But first Aeneas has to find Latium and the first six books reflect The Odyssey as he and his crew overcome the obstacles put in their way. Once landed it becomes a story of battle as the Trojan’s fight for the land they believe to be theirs and Aeneas fights for the hand of Lavinia, daughter of King Latinus and unfortunately betrothed to Turnus; prince of the nearby Rutulian tribe.

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Sagittarius

‘I washed and dressed beneath my mother’s attentive gaze. She was unhappy about my grey skirt which I had had for three years, and above all about my dark blue jumper with its baggy, threadbare elbows. How on earth had I got hold of such a garment? Surely to goodness I had something better to wear? And what happened to those two new dresses that she had had made for me?’

This domineering, disgruntled mother has two daughters and two sisters. It’s October when she moves into a new house with her daughter Guilia and her husband; Constanza, the daughter of her cousin; the maid Carmela and a tiny white poodle. Now that she’s in town she’ll be closer to her sisters who own a small china shop and to our narrator, her 23 year old younger daughter who’s managed to get a way and shares a flat with a girlfriend.

But is life in the town any better? She certainly wouldn’t organise the china shop like that, and her sisters never seem to be around when she calls (they’re hiding in the stock room); Guilia has now found herself a husband, but she just lies around doing nothing all day, fluttering her eyelashes as a response; and our narrator just doesn’t seem to wear the ‘animated expression’ she would like to see on a young women; and why doesn’t she go dancing? So she puts on her gloves and hat, lights a cigarette and visits the hairdresser where she dreams of the gallery she would like to open and is where she meets Signora Fontana.

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Valentino

This is the second novella I’ve read from Daunt Books gorgeous reprints of Natalia Ginzburg and I’ve decided they make perfect travelling books. Neat enough to fit comfortably in a bag they’re intense hits of story that are easy enough to finish on anything but the shortest of journeys and yet leave you feeling completely satisfied!

‘I lived with my father, mother and brother in a small rented apartment in the middle of town. Life was not easy and finding the rent money was always a problem.’

So begins Caterina’s account of living with her handsome, vain and utterly self absorbed brother Valentino. A serial fiancé, what he most enjoys is dressing up, admiring himself and playing with the kitten, oblivious of the never ending expenses his parents face, trying to fund his medical studies. He’s a man who has never shown any signs of ambition and yet his parents are sure that he’s destined to become ‘a man of consequence’.

But one day Valentino arrives with a new fiancée and instead of a young girl in a jaunty beret Maddalena is at least ten years older than him, very wealthy and spectacularly ugly. The family are stunned, the parents hopes for their perfect son gone with one single moustachioed, cigarette smoking djinn.

But Maddalena turns out to be the perfect daughter and sister in law, generous with her time and money she invites Caterina to move in with them and with Maddalena’s cousin Kit often in their home too, the setting is in place for a story that challenges our prejudices and upends societal norms.

Told in Ginzburg’s direct, economical style the story of Valentino is often as funny as it is infuriating and ultimately devastating. Written in 1957, sexuality is never openly discussed but conventional gendered roles are questioned by the story that isn’t written, the one that’s lurking behind Caterina’s mundane narrative until it finally comes to the fore with a shock.

The Lost Daughter

Leda is a middle-aged divorcee who loves her work as an English teacher at the university in Florence. Her grown up daughters are with their father in Canada and she decides to take a holiday on the coast in Southern Italy. She finds an apartment to rent and everyday sets off with her towel and swimming things and works under an umbrella at the beach. Her routine is just as she’d hoped.

But also on the beach are a Neapolitan family who Leda becomes increasingly involved with. What starts as friendship between Leda and the young mother though, begins to unravel the reasons why Leda is not with her daughters and husband and the summer starts to take a menacing and at times, threatening turn.

That Leda feels liberated to be away from her daughters is the starting point for a ‘frank novel of maternal ambivalence’ (The New Yorker), and I liked the way Ferrante talks openly about motherhood. For me Leda’s conflicting feelings over being a mother with a career were the most interesting parts of the book. Her behaviour towards the Neapolitan family and especially Nina and her young daughter Elena I found bizarre and while the feeling of threat was very real and uncomfortable to read I didn’t really have any sympathy for any one. I wouldn’t like to meet any of them on holiday.

If This Is A Man

if this is a manOn December 13th 1943 at the age of 24 Primo Levi, a chemist from Turin was captured by the Fascist militia and giving his status as an ‘Italian citizen of Jewish race’ was taken via the detention camp at Fossoli to Auschwitz. Of the 650 who arrived the children, the old men and most of the women were ‘swallowed up by the night’.  Ninety six men and twenty nine women entered the camps of Monowitz-Buna and Birkenau. The rest were sent to the gas chamber, only 3 made the return journey home. The story of his journey home is told in The Truce.

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The Beautiful Summer

the beautiful summer
It’s summer in Turin in the 1930’s and 16 year old Ginia is ready for adventure. Parentless, she works in a dressmakers, loves to laugh and dance and lives with her older brother, taking care of him and their apartment.

But then she is befriended by Amelia an artists model, and over the summer becomes involved with her older bohemian set that includes Guido and love!

The cover blurb in my Penguin copy says that ‘It’s the start of a desperate love affair, charged with false hope and overwhelming passion’, which makes it all sound rather melodramatic; when the clever thing about The Beautiful Summer, is that within 100 pages of very little drama Cesare Pavese has us completely believing in the confusion Ginia is going through.

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The Leopard

leopard

It’s 1860 and Fabrizio, Prince of Salina rules over thousands of acres, hundreds of people, his wife and seven children. But when Garibaldi lands in Sicily and is hailed a hero and liberator by the people, it is clear that the old way of life is changing.

Giuseppe Tomasi Di Lampedusa is writing about his great grandfather, by following the prince to his death in 1883 we get a glimpse of a Sicilian nobleman at a moment of crisis and the degeneration of his family until almost collapse in 1910.  Continue reading “The Leopard”