These upgrades were prompted by guardian/atom-maker#94,
but they're all a good idea anyway:

* Play: 2.8 → 2.9
* Scala: 2.12 → 2.13
* Java: 8 → 11

This allows projects to specify, with an `asdf` (https://asdf-vm.com/)-formatted
`.tool-versions` file, the Java version to be used by the workflow for building
the project- `gha-scala-library-release-workflow` has always used a recent LTS
version Java for the build (eg Java 17), and this has sometimes been _too recent_
(guardian/atom-maker#94) for some projects at the Guardian.

We _want_ projects to update to Java 21 (see guardian/support-frontend#5792,
guardian/scala-steward-public-repos#67 etc), but tying
dozens of projects tightly to what `gha-scala-library-release-workflow` is using
will make updating that version pretty hard. If, at some later point, _some_ projects
want to experiment with Java 25, we shouldn't have to force all other projects to
be compatible with that first.

## How to express the version of Java required...

### Configuration proliferation is a problem...

One option would have been to simply add a new input parameter to the workflow,
specifying the required Java version, but that has a downside: it proliferates the
number of places in a project where the desired Java version is declared - and there
are many in use at the Guardian, with no well-agreed canonical source-of-truth:

* GHA `ci.yml`, in the [`java-version`](https://github.com/guardian/etag-caching/blob/7ecc04981f5a42a0f2ecb10631f28da571a49836/.github/workflows/ci.yml#L22) field of `actions/setup-java` - this has been my favourite in the past, as whatever CI runs with is usually pretty close to the truth
* In sbt, the `scalacOptions` of `-target`, `-release`, `-java-output-version` (currently `-release` preferred, tho' once [support](scala/scala#10654) is pervasive, `-java-output-version` is probably best) and the `javacOptions` of `-target` & `-source` - these all effectively set lower-bounds on the version of Java supported, rather than guaranteeing a minimum upper bound of Java version the way CI does.
* In apps running on Amigo AMI images; the Java version baked into the AMI, usually [referenced](https://github.com/guardian/mobile-apps-api/blob/3231e6bf064163c6d0e72c8dc862678c68eb0b62/mobile-fronts/conf/riff-raff.yaml#L10) by `riff-raff.yaml`
* In AWS Lambdas; the cloudformation [`Runtime`](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSCloudFormation/latest/UserGuide/aws-resource-lambda-function.html#cfn-lambda-function-runtime) parameter, often set [by CDK](https://github.com/guardian/mobile-save-for-later/blob/1ac12e4c0100edb976ebae9e2a9975ad2321e26e/cdk/lib/mobile-save-for-later.ts#L44)

### ...`asdf`'s `.tool-versions` flle offers some consolidation

Benefits of using `.tool-versions`:

* Developers will automatically get the right Java version if they have `asdf` installed
* actions/setup-java#606 has added early support for reading the version of Java used in CI by `setup-java` from the `.tool-versions` flle - unfortunately, it's of limited use to us at the moment because of actions/setup-java#615, but it's a promising start _(`setup-java` also has support for `jEnv` files, but they are not commonly used at the Guardian)_
* Format of the file is simple enough that it can be easily understood and used, even if `asdf` is not in use - **including the file doesn't _force_ developers to use `asdf`** (I know some devs have been having some problems with it, and maybe there are/will be better alternatives out there), but it clearly documents the Java version to be used.

This does mean that **all library repos need to add a `.tool-versions` file** before this PR is merged. Helpful error messaging has been added with this PR to handle cases where the file is missing or invalid:

#### Only Java _major_ version is guaranteed

Note that although `asdf` requires a fully-specified Java version (eg `21.0.3.9.1`) in the `.tool-versions` file, currently the workflow will only match the *major* version of Java specified in the file (eg `21`), and will _always_ use the AWS Corretto distribution of Java. This is due to [limitations](actions/setup-java#615) in [`actions/setup-java`](https://github.com/actions/setup-java).