[a11y] Add `expanded` flag support to Android. #174981

ksokolovskyi · 2025-09-05T10:37:27Z

Closes #92040

Adds expanded semantics flag support to Android
Adds onExpand and onCollapse semantics actions
Updates robolectric library
Adds java and dart tests

Why were `onExpand` and `onCollapse` actions added?

It turned out that TalkBack doesn't announce the expanded state if expand/collapse action is not set for the accessibility node.

Why was the `robolectric` library updated?

The expanded state support in Android was introduced in API 36. The roboelectric: 4.14.1 doesn't support API 36. To run tests for a newly added functionality roboelectric library was updated to 4.16, which supports the latest Android version (https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/releases/tag/robolectric-4.16).

In case you think it would be better to update the roboelectric in a separate PR, please let me know.

Example Source Code

import 'package:flutter/material.dart';

void main() {
  runApp(const App());
}

class App extends StatefulWidget {
  const App({super.key});

  @override
  State<App> createState() => _AppState();
}

class _AppState extends State<App> {
  final _controller = ExpansibleController();

  @override
  void dispose() {
    _controller.dispose();
    super.dispose();
  }

  @override
  Widget build(BuildContext context) {
    return MaterialApp(
      debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false,
      home: Scaffold(
        body: Column(
          mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center,
          spacing: 24,
          children: [
            Text('Expansible Example'),
            ListenableBuilder(
              listenable: _controller,
              builder: (context, child) {
                return Semantics(
                  expanded: _controller.isExpanded,
                  onExpand: () {
                    print(' \n onExpand \n ');
                    _controller.expand();
                  },
                  onCollapse: () {
                    print(' \n onCollapse \n ');
                    _controller.collapse();
                  },
                  child: child,
                );
              },
              child: Expansible(
                headerBuilder: (context, _) => ListTile(
                  tileColor: Colors.blue.shade100,
                  leading: Text(
                    'Expansible',
                    style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20),
                  ),
                  trailing: Icon(
                    _controller.isExpanded
                        ? Icons.arrow_upward
                        : Icons.arrow_downward,
                    semanticLabel: _controller.isExpanded
                        ? 'Arrow Up icon'
                        : 'Arrow Down icon',
                  ),
                ),
                bodyBuilder: (context, _) {
                  return Container(
                    color: Colors.blue,
                    height: 200,
                    width: 200,
                  );
                },
                controller: _controller,
              ),
            ),
          ],
        ),
      ),
    );
  }
}

expasible_example.mov

Pre-launch Checklist

I read the Contributor Guide and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs.
I read the Tree Hygiene wiki page, which explains my responsibilities.
I read and followed the Flutter Style Guide, including Features we expect every widget to implement.
I signed the CLA.
I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description above.
I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with ///).
I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is test-exempt.
I followed the breaking change policy and added Data Driven Fixes where supported.
All existing and new tests are passing.

…est.

gemini-code-assist

Code Review

This pull request adds support for the expanded semantics flag on Android, along with onExpand and onCollapse semantics actions. The changes are extensive, touching the Dart framework, the engine (Dart, C++, Java), and tests. The update to the robolectric library is also included and justified. The implementation is well-executed and includes appropriate tests. I have identified a couple of areas where the robustness of the new action handlers can be improved.

packages/flutter/lib/src/semantics/semantics.dart

chunhtai

LGTM

engine/src/flutter/shell/platform/android/test/io/flutter/view/AccessibilityBridgeTest.java

Actually doesn't mean to lgtm

ksokolovskyi · 2025-09-10T14:44:33Z

[Linux linux_unopt] fails because there is error happening when running Android tests with updated roboelectric library:
java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException: Failed to create a Robolectric sandbox: Android SDK 36 requires Java 21 (have Java 17).

@ash2moon, could you please help here, as I'm unsure how to resolve this issue on CI/CD?

robert-ancell

Reviewing how this will work on Linux.

The a11y framework on Linux (AT-SPI) supports named actions, so this should be translatable there. The nearest widget I could find that was similar (GtkExpander) uses the button role and thus I didn't find any existing cases where this action was used. GTK4 uses AccessKit (Flutter is using GTK3 which uses ATK), which does support the expand/collapse actions. So this should be implementable in Linux.

gmackall · 2025-09-16T20:43:48Z

From android triage: Thanks for the contribution, we will get the java updated to unblock this PR
#175454

…er#174981)

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…er#174981)

Bumps robolectric to support Android API 36 and JDK to 21 One of the tests is failing due to a change in how JDK 19 handles unicode characters in word breaks. The test was skipped and a new issue was created below. flutter#175623 Resolves flutter#175454 Unblocks flutter#174981 - [x] I read the [Contributor Guide] and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs. - [x] I read the [Tree Hygiene] wiki page, which explains my responsibilities. - [x] I read and followed the [Flutter Style Guide], including [Features we expect every widget to implement]. - [x] I signed the [CLA]. - [x] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description above. - [x] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with `///`). - [x] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is [test-exempt]. - [x] I followed the [breaking change policy] and added [Data Driven Fixes] where supported. - [x] All existing and new tests are passing. If you need help, consider asking for advice on the #hackers-new channel on [Discord]. **Note**: The Flutter team is currently trialing the use of [Gemini Code Assist for GitHub](https://developers.google.com/gemini-code-assist/docs/review-github-code). Comments from the `gemini-code-assist` bot should not be taken as authoritative feedback from the Flutter team. If you find its comments useful you can update your code accordingly, but if you are unsure or disagree with the feedback, please feel free to wait for a Flutter team member's review for guidance on which automated comments should be addressed.  [Contributor Guide]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#overview [Tree Hygiene]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md [test-exempt]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#tests [Flutter Style Guide]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Style-guide-for-Flutter-repo.md [Features we expect every widget to implement]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Style-guide-for-Flutter-repo.md#features-we-expect-every-widget-to-implement [CLA]: https://cla.developers.google.com/ [flutter/tests]: https://github.com/flutter/tests [breaking change policy]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#handling-breaking-changes [Discord]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Chat.md [Data Driven Fixes]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Data-driven-Fixes.md

@OverRide

Closes flutter#92040 - Adds `expanded` semantics flag support to Android - Adds `onExpand` and `onCollapse` semantics actions - Updates `robolectric` library - Adds java and dart tests #### Why were `onExpand` and `onCollapse` actions added? It turned out that TalkBack doesn't announce the `expanded` state if `expand/collapse` action is not set for the accessibility node. #### Why was the `robolectric` library updated? The `expanded` state support in Android was introduced in API 36. The `roboelectric: 4.14.1` doesn't support API 36. To run tests for a newly added functionality `roboelectric` library was updated to `4.16`, which supports the latest Android version (https://github.com/robolectric/robolectric/releases/tag/robolectric-4.16). In case you think it would be better to update the `roboelectric` in a separate PR, please let me know. <br/> <details> <summary>Example Source Code</summary> ```dart import 'package:flutter/material.dart'; void main() { runApp(const App()); } class App extends StatefulWidget { const App({super.key}); @OverRide State<App> createState() => _AppState(); } class _AppState extends State<App> { final _controller = ExpansibleController(); @OverRide void dispose() { _controller.dispose(); super.dispose(); } @OverRide Widget build(BuildContext context) { return MaterialApp( debugShowCheckedModeBanner: false, home: Scaffold( body: Column( mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.center, spacing: 24, children: [ Text('Expansible Example'), ListenableBuilder( listenable: _controller, builder: (context, child) { return Semantics( expanded: _controller.isExpanded, onExpand: () { print(' \n onExpand \n '); _controller.expand(); }, onCollapse: () { print(' \n onCollapse \n '); _controller.collapse(); }, child: child, ); }, child: Expansible( headerBuilder: (context, _) => ListTile( tileColor: Colors.blue.shade100, leading: Text( 'Expansible', style: TextStyle(fontSize: 20), ), trailing: Icon( _controller.isExpanded ? Icons.arrow_upward : Icons.arrow_downward, semanticLabel: _controller.isExpanded ? 'Arrow Up icon' : 'Arrow Down icon', ), ), bodyBuilder: (context, _) { return Container( color: Colors.blue, height: 200, width: 200, ); }, controller: _controller, ), ), ], ), ), ); } } ``` </details> https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/256c4182-a1e3-44fc-b028-5e6c9ec05ad7 ## Pre-launch Checklist - [X] I read the [Contributor Guide] and followed the process outlined there for submitting PRs. - [X] I read the [Tree Hygiene] wiki page, which explains my responsibilities. - [X] I read and followed the [Flutter Style Guide], including [Features we expect every widget to implement]. - [X] I signed the [CLA]. - [X] I listed at least one issue that this PR fixes in the description above. - [X] I updated/added relevant documentation (doc comments with `///`). - [X] I added new tests to check the change I am making, or this PR is [test-exempt]. - [X] I followed the [breaking change policy] and added [Data Driven Fixes] where supported. - [X] All existing and new tests are passing.  [Contributor Guide]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#overview [Tree Hygiene]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md [test-exempt]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#tests [Flutter Style Guide]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Style-guide-for-Flutter-repo.md [Features we expect every widget to implement]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Style-guide-for-Flutter-repo.md#features-we-expect-every-widget-to-implement [CLA]: https://cla.developers.google.com/ [flutter/tests]: https://github.com/flutter/tests [breaking change policy]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Tree-hygiene.md#handling-breaking-changes [Discord]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Chat.md [Data Driven Fixes]: https://github.com/flutter/flutter/blob/main/docs/contributing/Data-driven-Fixes.md --------- Co-authored-by: ash2moon <muhatashim@google.com>

ksokolovskyi added 4 commits September 5, 2025 10:39

Add expand and collapse semantics actions to engine.

8b8b9a0

Add onExpand and onCollapse semantics actions to framework.

540131f

Add expand and collapse support to Android AccessibilityBridge.

d2d6335

Update roboelectric and add new tests to Android AccessibilityBridgeT…

cd071b6

…est.

ksokolovskyi requested review from a team, chinmaygarde and loic-sharma as code owners September 5, 2025 10:37

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ksokolovskyi requested a review from chunhtai September 5, 2025 10:43

ksokolovskyi added 2 commits September 5, 2025 12:47

Add missing asserts.

cbc7c82

Update SliverSemantics tests.

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github-actions bot added the f: scrolling Viewports, list views, slivers, etc. label Sep 5, 2025

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ksokolovskyi added 2 commits September 10, 2025 11:11

Merge branch 'master' into add-a11y-is-expanded-support-to-android

e6a47bb

Add tests to verify expand and collapse actions.

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Update robolectric tests to use Java 21 #175454

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Why were `onExpand` and `onCollapse` actions added?

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