Add a pair of binary kernels to compute the:

• quotient (result after division, discarding any fractional part, a.k.a integer division)

• mod or modulo (remainder after division, a.k.a % / %% / modulus).

  The returned array should have the same data type as the input arrays or promote to an appropriate type to avoid loss of precision if the input types differ.

Reporter: Ian Cook / @ianmcook

Related issues:

• [C++] Arithmetic kernels for numeric arrays (is a child of)
• [C++] Implement mod compute function (is duplicated by)
• [C++][Compute] Add remainder and quotient compute::Function (is related to)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #11116

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-12755. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}