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A unit subquery (CALL { ... } with no RETURN clause) was incorrectly leaking
inner UNWIND cardinality to the outer query. Each outer row was duplicated
by the number of UNWIND iterations instead of being emitted exactly once.
The fix: in SubqueryStep.executeInnerQuery(), detect when the inner statement
has no RETURN clause and consume all inner results for side effects (CREATE,
DELETE, MERGE, etc.) without propagating them to the output. A single empty
ResultInternal is returned so the outer row is preserved via mergeResults().
Two regression tests added to OpenCypherSubqueryTest:
- unitCallSubqueryWithUnwindPreservesOuterRowCount (exact repro of the issue)
- unitCallSubqueryWithoutUnwindPreservesOuterRowCount (control case)
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Up to standards ✅🟢 Issues
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| Metric | Results |
|---|---|
| Complexity | 0 |
🟢 Coverage 87.50% diff coverage · -8.64% coverage variation
Metric Results Coverage variation ✅ -8.64% coverage variation Diff coverage ✅ 87.50% diff coverage Coverage variation details
Coverable lines Covered lines Coverage Common ancestor commit (f2039a9) 117458 87108 74.16% Head commit (27010e7) 148703 (+31245) 97436 (+10328) 65.52% (-8.64%) Coverage variation is the difference between the coverage for the head and common ancestor commits of the pull request branch:
<coverage of head commit> - <coverage of common ancestor commit>Diff coverage details
Coverable lines Covered lines Diff coverage Pull request (#3945) 8 7 87.50% Diff coverage is the percentage of lines that are covered by tests out of the coverable lines that the pull request added or modified:
<covered lines added or modified>/<coverable lines added or modified> * 100%
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Code Review
This pull request addresses issue #3944 by ensuring that unit subqueries without a RETURN clause do not multiply the outer row count, even when using operations like UNWIND. The implementation in SubqueryStep.java now consumes the inner result set and returns a single result to preserve the outer row count. Feedback indicates a logic bug where the subquery fails to act as a filter when the inner query is empty, which violates standard Cypher behavior, and suggests using List.of() for better performance.
| if (innerStatement.getReturnClause() == null) { | ||
| while (resultSet.hasNext()) | ||
| resultSet.next(); | ||
| final List<Result> single = new ArrayList<>(1); | ||
| single.add(new ResultInternal()); | ||
| return single; | ||
| } |
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The current implementation of unit subqueries (no RETURN clause) has a logic bug: it always returns a single row even if the inner query produces no results. In Cypher, a subquery acts as a filter; if the inner query is empty, the outer row should be discarded (unless it is an OPTIONAL CALL).
Additionally, the list creation can be simplified using List.of() for better readability and performance.
| if (innerStatement.getReturnClause() == null) { | |
| while (resultSet.hasNext()) | |
| resultSet.next(); | |
| final List<Result> single = new ArrayList<>(1); | |
| single.add(new ResultInternal()); | |
| return single; | |
| } | |
| if (innerStatement.getReturnClause() == null) { | |
| boolean hasResults = false; | |
| while (resultSet.hasNext()) { | |
| resultSet.next(); | |
| hasResults = true; | |
| } | |
| return hasResults ? List.of(new ResultInternal()) : List.of(); | |
| } |
There was a problem hiding this comment.
Partially applied: simplified to List.of(new ResultInternal()) since callers only iterate (never mutate) the returned list.
The filter semantics (return empty list when inner has no results) would be incorrect for unit subqueries. The Cypher spec states that a unit subquery (no RETURN) executes for side effects and must propagate each outer row exactly once, regardless of inner cardinality. The callers in this class already implement the filter logic for regular subqueries — applying it here would incorrectly drop outer rows when e.g. a MATCH inside the unit subquery finds nothing, which violates the spec.
…letion() When a vertex was received after edges in graphBatchLoad, the edge had already been buffered (edgeCount=1). The old closeQuietly() call in the catch block triggered batch.close() -> flush() -> connectOutgoingEdgesParallel() -> async.waitCompletion(), blocking the gRPC handler thread and preventing resp.onError() from being delivered. Fix: null batchRef (guards onCompleted) and skip closeQuietly in the onNext error path - buffered edges have no open transaction so nothing needs cleanup. Also guard onCompleted with errorSent[0] check and use getAndSet(null) in onError to prevent double-close. Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Codecov Report❌ Patch coverage is
Additional details and impacted files@@ Coverage Diff @@
## main #3945 +/- ##
==========================================
- Coverage 65.23% 64.87% -0.37%
==========================================
Files 1582 1582
Lines 117458 117464 +6
Branches 24959 24962 +3
==========================================
- Hits 76628 76202 -426
- Misses 30380 30859 +479
+ Partials 10450 10403 -47 ☔ View full report in Codecov by Sentry. 🚀 New features to boost your workflow:
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…skip ci] Bumps [org.postgresql:postgresql](https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc) from 42.7.10 to 42.7.11. Release notes *Sourced from [org.postgresql:postgresql's releases](https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/releases).* > v42.7.11 > -------- > > Security > -------- > > * fix: Limit SCRAM PBKDF2 iterations accepted from the server. > pgjdbc was vulnerable to a client-side denial of service in SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication, where a malicious or compromised PostgreSQL server could specify an extremely large PBKDF2 iteration count, causing the client to consume unbounded CPU and potentially exhaust connection pools. 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[`@davecramer`](https://github.com/davecramer) ([#3895](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3895)) > * docs: add SCRAM authentication test setup section to TESTING.md [`@emmaeng700`](https://github.com/emmaeng700) ([#3945](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3945)) > * Add RequireServerVersion annotation for tests [`@sehrope`](https://github.com/sehrope) ([#3939](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3939)) > > 🐛 Bug Fixes > ----------- > > * fix: ensure extended protocol messages end with Sync message [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3728](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3728)) > * fix: enable cursor-based fetching in extended protocol when transaction started via SQL command [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3996](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3996)) > * fix: retry with SSL on IOException when sslMode=ALLOW [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3973](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3973)) > * fix: allow fallback to non-SSL connection when sslMode=prefer and sslResponseTimeout kicks in [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3968](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3968)) > * fix: catch SecurityException from setContextClassLoader on ForkJoinPool workers [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3962](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3962)) > * fix: use compareTo for LogSequenceNumber comparison [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3961](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3961)) > * fix: release COPY lock on IOException to prevent connection hang ([#3957](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3957)) [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3960](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3960)) > > 🧰 Maintenance > ------------- > > * style: replace [`@exception`](https://github.com/exception) with [`@throws`](https://github.com/throws) in getBoolean javadoc [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#4035](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/4035)) > * chore: use `@vlsi/github-actions-random-matrix` npm package [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#4008](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/4008)) > * chore: use tag names for pinning github actions, pin ikalnytskyi/action-setup-postgres [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#4007](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/4007)) > * chore: bump errorprone to 2.48.0 [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#4005](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/4005)) > * test: add [`@DisableLogger`](https://github.com/DisableLogger) annotation to suppress expected log warnings in tests [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3971](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3971)) > * chore: suppress deprecations in test code to reduce build verbosity [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3972](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3972)) > * chore: replace log warning in ConnectionFactory.closeStream with Throwable.addSuppressed [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3970](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3970)) > * chore: use greedy pairwise coverage for CI matrix generation [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3965](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3965)) > * chore: use full version tags in GitHub Actions comments [`@vlsi`](https://github.com/vlsi) ([#3963](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3963)) > > ⬆️ Dependencies > --------------- ... (truncated) Changelog *Sourced from [org.postgresql:postgresql's changelog](https://github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md).* > [42.7.11] (2026-04-28) > ---------------------- > > ### Security > > * fix: Limit SCRAM PBKDF2 iterations accepted from the server. > pgjdbc was vulnerable to a client-side denial of service in SCRAM-SHA-256 authentication, where a malicious or compromised PostgreSQL server could specify an extremely large PBKDF2 iteration count, causing the client to consume unbounded CPU and potentially exhaust connection pools. The fix introduces a new scramMaxIterations connection property (defaulting to 100,000) to cap iteration counts before computation begins. > See the [Security Advisory](GHSA-98qh-xjc8-98pq) for more detail. > The following [CVE-2026-42198](https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-42198) has been issued. > > ### Added > > * feat: implement require\_auth connection property, aligning with libpq behavior [PR [#3895](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3895)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3895](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3895)) > > ### Changed > > * chore: replace Appveyor CI with ikalnytskyi/action-setup-postgres [PR [#3966](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3966)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3966](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3966)) > * chore: upgrade Gradle to v9 [PR [#3978](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3978)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3978](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3978)) > > ### Fixed > > * fix: ensure extended protocol messages end with Sync message [PR [#3728](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3728)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3728](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3728)) > * fix: enable cursor-based fetching in extended protocol when transaction started via SQL command [PR [#3996](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3996)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3996](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3996)) > * fix: retry with SSL on IOException when sslMode=ALLOW [PR [#3973](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3973)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3973](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3973)) > * fix: make sure the driver honours connectTimeout when retrying the connection [PR [#3968](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3968)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3968](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3968)) > * fix: allow fallback to non-SSL connection when sslMode=prefer and sslResponseTimeout kicks in [PR [#3968](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3968)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3968](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3968)) > * fix: catch SecurityException from setContextClassLoader on ForkJoinPool workers [PR [#3962](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3962)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3962](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3962)) > * fix: use compareTo for LogSequenceNumber comparison to handle unsigned values correctly [PR [#3961](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3961)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3961](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3961)) > * fix: release COPY lock on IOException to prevent connection hang [PR [#3957](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3957)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3957](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3957)) > * fix: return jsonb as PGObject instead of String [PR [#3956](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3956)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3956](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3956)) > * fix: align SSL key file permission check with libpq [PR [#3952](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3952)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3952](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3952)) > * fix: guard connection closed flag with a reentrant lock to protect against concurrent close [PR [#3905](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/3905)]([pgjdbc/pgjdbc#3905](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/pull/3905)) Commits * [`78e261f`](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@78e261f) fix: Add sources and javadocs to shaded published lib generation * [`1e09fa0`](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@1e09fa0) update Changelog and website for release of 42.7.11 ([#4042](https://redirect.github.com/pgjdbc/pgjdbc/issues/4042)) * [`d479fa5`](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@d479fa5) Fix scram fix location in changelog and update published artifact developer l... * [`b04fc46`](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@b04fc46) docs: Add scram max iters fix to changelog * [`cf54822`](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@cf54822) test: Disable scram test on older version without scram\_iterations GUC * [`7dbcc79`](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@7dbcc79) test: Add SCRAM max iteration tests * [`c9d41d1`](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@c9d41d1) fix: Limit SCRAM PBKDF2 iterations accepted from the server * [`a340cb2`](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@a340cb2) style: replace [`@exception`](https://github.com/exception) with [`@throws`](https://github.com/throws) in getBoolean javadoc * [`77837f8`](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@77837f8) fix(deps): update dependency org.openrewrite.rewrite:org.openrewrite.rewrite.... * [`23af03b`](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@23af03b) chore(deps): update actions/checkout action to v6 * Additional commits viewable in [compare view](pgjdbc/pgjdbc@REL42.7.10...REL42.7.11) [](https://docs.github.com/en/github/managing-security-vulnerabilities/about-dependabot-security-updates#about-compatibility-scores) Dependabot will resolve any conflicts with this PR as long as you don't alter it yourself. You can also trigger a rebase manually by commenting `@dependabot rebase`. [//]: # (dependabot-automerge-start) [//]: # (dependabot-automerge-end) --- Dependabot commands and options You can trigger Dependabot actions by commenting on this PR: - `@dependabot rebase` will rebase this PR - `@dependabot recreate` will recreate this PR, overwriting any edits that have been made to it - `@dependabot show ignore conditions` will show all of the ignore conditions of the specified dependency - `@dependabot ignore this major version` will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this major version (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself) - `@dependabot ignore this minor version` will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this minor version (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself) - `@dependabot ignore this dependency` will close this PR and stop Dependabot creating any more for this dependency (unless you reopen the PR or upgrade to it yourself)
Fixes #3944
Root cause
In
SubqueryStep.executeInnerQuery(), all inner rows produced by the subquery were collected and returned to the outer query regardless of whether the inner statement had aRETURNclause. WhenUNWINDappears inside a unit subquery (noRETURN), it multiplies the inner rows, which then get merged 1:N with each outer row — leaking the inner cardinality.Fix
Added a unit-subquery check in
SubqueryStep.executeInnerQuery(): ifinnerStatement.getReturnClause() == null, consume all inner results for side effects (soCREATE/DELETE/MERGEexecute correctly), then return a single emptyResultInternal. This is merged with the outer row via the existingmergeResults(), preserving exactly one output row per outer input row.Tests
Two regression tests added to
OpenCypherSubqueryTest:unitCallSubqueryWithUnwindPreservesOuterRowCount— exact reproduction of the reported issue (was returning 6 rows for 3 persons ×UNWIND range(1,2), now correctly returns 3)unitCallSubqueryWithoutUnwindPreservesOuterRowCount— control case confirming unit subqueries withoutUNWINDstill workAll 4715 OpenCypher tests pass with no regressions.
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