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Python Articles
Page 817 of 855
Insufficient Nodes in Root to Leaf Paths in Python
Suppose we have a binary tree. A node is known as insufficient if every such root to leaf path intersecting this node has sum strictly less than limit. We have to delete all insufficient nodes simultaneously, and return the root of the resulting binary tree. So if the tree is like, and the limit is 1 −Then the output tree will be −To solve this, we will follow these steps −Define a method solve(), this will take root and limitif node has no left and right subtree, thenif value of root is less than 1, return null, otherwise rootif root ...
Read MoreHow to concatenate a Python dictionary to display all the values together?
You can get all the values using a call to dict.values(). Then you can call ", ".join on the values to concatenate just the values in the dict separated by commas. examplea = {'foo': "Hello", 'bar': "World"} vals = a.values() concat = ", ".join(vals) print(concat)OutputThis will give the output −Hello, World
Read MoreHow to convert a spreadsheet to Python dictionary?
The easiest way to convert a spreadsheet to Python dictionary is to use an external library like pandas. This provides very helpful features like to_dict on excel objects. You can use these like −Examplefrom pandas import * xls = ExcelFile('my_file.xls') data = xls.parse(xls.sheet_names[0]) print(data.to_dict())OutputThis will give the output −{'id': 10, 'name': "John"}
Read MoreHow do I serialize a Python dictionary into a string, and then back to a dictionary?
The JSON module is a very reliable library to serialize a Python dictionary into a string, and then back to a dictionary. The dumps function converts the dict to a string. exampleimport json my_dict = { 'foo': 42, 'bar': { 'baz': "Hello", 'poo': 124.2 } } my_json = json.dumps(my_dict) print(my_json)OutputThis will give the output −'{"foo": 42, "bar": {"baz": "Hello", "poo": 124.2}}'The loads function converts the string back to a dict. exampleimport json my_str = '{"foo": 42, "bar": {"baz": "Hello", "poo": 124.2}}' my_dict = json.loads(my_str) print(my_dict['bar']['baz'])OutputThis will give the output −Hello
Read MoreHow do we compare two tuples in Python?
Tuples are compared position by position: the first item of the first tuple is compared to the first item of the second tuple; if they are not equal, this is the result of the comparison, else the second item is considered, then the third and so on. example>>> a = (1, 2, 3) >>> b = (1, 2, 5) >>> a < b TrueThere is another type of comparison that takes into account similar and different elements. This can be performed using sets. Sets will take the tuples and take only unique values. Then you can perform a & operation that ...
Read MoreHow do we grep a particular keyword from Python tuple?
If you have a tuple of strings and you want to search for a particular string, You can use the in operator. exampletpl = ("Hello", "world", "Foo", "bar") print("world" in tpl)OutputThis will give the output −TrueExampleIf you want to check if there is a substring present. You can loop over the tuple and find it using:tpl = ("Hello", "world", "Foo", "bar") for i in tpl: if "orld" in i: print("Found orld in " + i )OutputThis will give the output −Found orld in world
Read MoreHow can I convert a bytes array into JSON format in Python?
You need to decode the bytes object to produce a string. This can be done using the decode function from string class that will accept then encoding you want to decode with. examplemy_str = b"Hello" # b means its a byte string new_str = my_str.decode('utf-8') # Decode using the utf-8 encoding print(new_str)OutputThis will give the outputHelloOnce you have the bytes as a string, you can use the JSON.dumps method to convert the string object to JSON. examplemy_str = b'{"foo": 42}' # b means its a byte string new_str = my_str.decode('utf-8') # Decode using the utf-8 encoding import json d ...
Read MoreHow to assign multiple values to a same variable in Python?
In Python, if you try to do something likea = b = c = [0,3,5] a[0] = 10You'll end up with the same values ina, b, and c: [10, 3, 5]This is because all three variables here point to the same value. If you modify this value, you'll get the change reflected in all names, ie, a,b and c. To create a new object and assign it, you can use the copy module. examplea = [0,3,5] import copy b = copy.deepcopy(a) a[0] = 5 print(a) print(b)OutputThis will give the output −[5,3,5] [0,3,5]
Read MoreHow can we combine multiple print statements per line in Python?
You can combine multiple print statements per line using, in Python 2 and use the end argument to print function in Python 3.examplePython2.x print "Hello", print " world" Python3.x print ("Hello", end='') print (" world")OutputThis will give the output −Hello worldAnother thing you could do is put all the things in an array and call ''.join(array). examplearr = ["Hello", "world"] print(' '.join(arr))OutputThis will give the output −Hello world
Read MoreWhat are Python coding standards/best practices?
You can use the PEP8 guide as a holy grail. Almost all python world uses this guide to write clean understandable and standard python code. This is available as an extension as a linter for all modern text editors. You can check it out at http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0008/Properly Structure your folders. All projects need proper structuring. This helps organize code better. Python has an opinionated folder structure that you should use.README.rst LICENSE setup.py requirements.txt sample/__init__.py sample/core.py sample/helpers.py docs/conf.py docs/index.rst tests/test_basic.py tests/test_advanced.pyUse doctests. The doctest module searches for pieces of text that look like interactive Python sessions, and then executes those sessions to ...
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