Achenie LEK, Scarpa A, Factor RS, Wang T, Robins DL, McCrickard DS. A Machine Learning Strategy for Autism Screening in Toddlers. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2019 Jun;40(5):369-376. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000668. PMID: 30985384.
Alawami AH, Perrin EC, Sakai C. Implementation of M-CHAT Screening for Autism in Primary Care in Saudi Arabia. Glob Pediatr Health. 2019 May 31;6:2333794X19852021. doi: 10.1177/2333794X19852021. eCollection 2019. PMID: 31211185. Free PMC Article
Albores-Gallo, L., Roldán-Ceballos, O., Villarreal-Valdes, G., Betanzos-Cruz, B.X., Santos-Sánchez, C., Martínez-Jaime, M.M., Lemus-Espinosa, I., & Hilton, C.L. (2012) M-CHAT Mexican Version Validity and Reliability and Some Cultural Considerations. ISRN Neurology. 2012:408694. doi: 10.5402/2012/408694. Epub 2012 Jul 1. PubMed PMID: 22811934; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3395208.
Alfieri, P., Piccini, G., Caciolo, C., Perrino, F., Gambardella, M.L. Mallardi, M., Cesarini, L., Leoni, C., Leone, D., Fossati, C., Selicorni, A., Digilio, M.C., Tartaglia, M., Mercuri, E., Zampino, G., & Vicari, S. (2014). Behavioral Profile in RASopathies. American Journal of Genetics, 164(4), 934-942. doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36374 Epub 2014 Jan 23. PMID: 24458522.
Allely, C.S. & Wilson, P. (2011) Diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in primary care. Practitioner. 255(1745), 27-30, 3. PMID: 22235552.
Altay MA, Görker I, Aslanova R, Bozatlı L, Turan N, Kaplan PB. Association between Beta-Sympathomimetic Tocolysis and Risk of Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Behavioural and Developmental Outcome in Toddlers. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2017 Sep 10;5(6):730-735. doi: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.153. eCollection 2017 Oct 15. PubMed PMID: 29104681; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5661710.
Baduel, S., Guillon, Q., Afzali, M.H., Foudon, N., Truck, J., & Rogé, B. (2017). The French Version of the Modified-Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT): A Validation Study on a French Sample of 24 Month-Old Children. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 47 (2), 297-304.
Beacham C, Reid M, Bradshaw J, Lambha M, Evans L, Gillespie S, Klaiman C, Richardson SS. Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder: Profiles of Children Who Are Missed. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018 Jul 26. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000607. PubMed PMID: 30059417.
Ben-Sasson A, Robins DL, Yom-Tov E. Risk Assessment for Parents Who Suspect Their Child Has Autism Spectrum Disorder: Machine Learning Approach. J Med Internet Res. 2018 Apr 24;20(4):e134. doi: 10.2196/jmir.9496. PubMed PMID: 29691210; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5941093.
Beranova S, Stoklasa J, Dudova I, Markova D, Kasparova M, Zemankova J, Urbanek T, Talasek T, Luukka P, Hrdlicka M. A possible role of the Infant/Toddler Sensory Profile in screening for autism: a proof-of-concept study in the specific sample of prematurely born children with birth weights <1,500 g. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2017 Jan 23;13:191-200. doi 10.2147/NDT.S123066. eCollection 2017. PubMed PMID: 28182143; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5279831.
Beranova, S. & Hrdlicka, M. (2012). Early diagnosis and screening of autism spectrum disorders. Ceskolovenska Psychologie, 56(2), 167-177.
Beuker, K.T., Schjolberg, S., Lie, K.K., Swinkels, S., Rommelse, N.N.J., & Buitelaar, J.K. (2014). ESAT and M-CHAT as screening instruments for autism spectrum disorders at 18 months in the general population: issues of overlap and association with clinical referrals. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2014 Nov;23(11):1081-91. doi: 10.1007/s00787-014-0561-8. Epub 2014 May 28. PubMed PMID: 24867341.
Blackwell, P.B. (2002) Screening young children for autism and other social-communication disorders. Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association. 2002 Sep;100(9):390-4. PubMed PMID: 12357915.
Bradbury K, Robins DL, Barton M, Ibañez LV, Stone WL, Warren ZE, Fein D. Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder in High-Risk Younger Siblings. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2020 Jun 17. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000827. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32576788.
Bradstreet LE, Juechter JI, Kamphaus RW, Kerns CM, Robins DL. Using the BASC-2 Parent Rating Scales to Screen for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Toddlers and Preschool-Aged Children. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2017 Feb;45(2): 359-370. doi: 10.1007/s10802-016-0167-3. PubMed PMID: 27177744; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5108689.
Brennan L, Fein D, Como A, Rathwell IC, Chen CM. Use of the Modified Checklist for Autism, Revised with Follow Up-Albanian to Screen for ASD in Albania. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016 Nov;46(11):3392-3407. PubMed PMID: 27491423; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC5074853.
Brooks, BA, Haynes K, Smith J, McFadden T, Robins DL. Implementation of Web-Based Autism Screening in an Urban Clinic. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2016 Sep;55(10):927-34. doi: 10.1177/0009922815616887. Epub 2015 Nov 18. PubMed PMID: 26581361; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC4871780.
Campbell K, Carpenter KLH, Espinosa S, Hashemi J, Qiu Q, Tepper M, Calderbank R, Sapiro G, Egger HL, Baker JP, Dawson G. Use of a Digital Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers – Revised with Follow-up to Improve Quality of Screening for Autism. J Pediatr. 2017 Apr;183:133-139.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds. 2017.01.021. Epub 2017 Feb 1. PubMed PMID: 28161199.
Canal-Bedia, R., Garcia-Primo, P., Martin-Cilleros, M.V., Santos-Borbujo, J., Guisuraga- Fernandez, Z., Herraez-Garcia, L., Herraez-Garcia, M.D., Boada-Munoz, L., Fuentes- Biggi, J., & Posada-de la Paz, M. (2011). Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation in Spain. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(10), 1342-1351. PMID: 21161677 DOI: 0.1007/s10803-010-1163-z
Carakovac M, Jovanovic J, Kalanj M, Rudic N, Aleksic-Hil O, Aleksic B, Villalobos IB, Kasuya H, Ozaki N, Lecic-Tosevski D, Pejovic-Milovancevic M. Serbian Language version of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Assessment of Reliability. Sci Rep. 2016 Dec 1;6:38222. doi: 10.1038/srep38222. PubMed PMID:27905541
Carbone PS, Campbell K, Wilkes J, Stoddard GJ, Huynh K, Young PC, Gabrielsen TP. Primary Care Autism Screening and Later Autism Diagnosis. Pediatrics. 2020 Aug;146(2):e20192314. doi: 10.1542/peds.2019-2314. Epub 2020 Jul 6. PMID: 32632024; PMCID: PMC7397730.
Chaaya, M., Saab, D., Maalouf, F.T., & Boustany, R.M. (2015) Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Nurseries in Lebanon: A Cross Sectional Study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 26362151 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2590-7
Charman, T., Baird, G., Simonoff, E., Chandler, S., Davison-Jenkins, A., Sharma, A., O’Sullivan, T., & Pickles, A. (2015) Testing two screening instruments for autism spectrum disorder in UK community child health services. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 26303216 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.12874
Christopher K, Bishop S, Carpenter LA, Warren Z, Kanne S. The Implications of Parent-Reported Emotional and Behavioral Problems on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020 Mar 26. doi: 10.1007/s10803-020-04469-5. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32219637.
Coelho-Medeiros ME, Bronstein J, Aedo K, et al. M-CHAT-R/F Validation as a screening tool for early detection in children with autism spectrum disorder. Validación del M-CHAT-R/F como instrumento de tamizaje para detección precoz en niños con trastorno del espectro autista. Rev Chil Pediatr. 2019;90(5):492-499. doi:10.32641/rchped.v90i5.703
Dai YG, Miller LE, Ramsey RK, Robins DL, Fein DA, Dumont-Mathieu T. Incremental Utility of 24-Month Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening After Negative 18-Month Screening. J Autism Dev Disord. 2019 Mar 4. doi: 10.1007/s10803-019-03959-5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30830489.
Dai YG, Porto KS, Skapek M, Barton ML, Dumont-Mathieu T, Fein DA, Robins DL. Comparison of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F) Positive Predictive Value by Race. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020 Mar 3. doi: 10.1007/s10803-020-04428-0. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32125566.
Dudova, I., Kasparova, M., Markova, D., Zemankova, J., Beranova, S., Urbanek, T., & Hrdlicka, M. (2014). Screening for autism in preterm children with extremely low and very low birth weight. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 277-282. PMID: 24627633 DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S57057
Dudova, I., Markova, D., Kasparova, M., Zemankova, J., Beranova, S., Urbanek, T., & Hrdlicka, M. (2014). Comparison of three screening tests for autism in preterm children with birth weights less than 1,500 grams. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 10, 2201- 2208. PMID: 25484588 DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S72921
Dumont-Mathieu, T. & Fein, D. (2005). Screening for autism in young children: The modified checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT) and other measures. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 11 (3), 253-262. PMID: 16161090 DOI: 10.1002/mrdd.20072
Eapen, V. Crncec, R., Woolfenden, S., & Blackmore, R. (2014). Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorders Using the PEDS and M-CHAT. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 7(1), 1-13. DOI: 10.1080/19315864.2012.704489
Eldin, A.S., Habib, D., Noufal, A., Farrag, S., Bazaid, K., Al-Sharbati, M., Badr, H., Moussa, S., Essali, A., & Gaddour, N. (2008). Use of M-CHAT for a multinational screening of young children with autism in the Arab countries. International Review of Psychiatry, 20 (3), 281-289. DOI: 10.1080/09540260801990324
Fenikilé, T.S., Ellerbeck, K., Filippi, M.K., & Daley, C.M. (2015) Barriers to autism screening in family medicine practice: a qualitative study. Primary Health Care Research and Development. 16(4), 356-366. PMID: 25367194 DOI: 10.1017/S1463423614000449
Fine, S.E., Weissman, A., Gerdes, M., Pinto-Martin, J., Zackai, E.H., McDonald-McGinn, D.M., &Emanuel, B.S. (2005) Autism spectrum disorders and symptoms in children with molecularly confirmed 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 35(4), 461-470. PMID: 16134031 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-005-5036-9
Firestein MR, Manessis A, Warmingham JM, Xu R, Hu Y, Finkel MA, Kyle M, Hussain M, Ahmed I, Lavallée A, Solis A, Chaves V, Rodriguez C, Goldman S, Muhle RA, Lee S, Austin J, Silver WG, O’Reilly KC, Bain JM, Penn AA, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Stockwell MS, Fifer WP, Marsh R, Monk C, Shuffrey LC, Dumitriu D. Positive Autism Screening Rates in Toddlers Born During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Sep 3;7(9):e2435005. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.35005. PMID: 39312236; PMCID: PMC11420691.
Flaherman VJ, Reeder HT, Martin-Herz SP, Gallagher R, Cohen AK, Brown HE, Clifton RG, Fischbein N, Foulkes AS, Jacoby VL, Jain N, Beamon CJ, Bahtiyar MO, Chang A, Costantine MM, Cruz Irving A, Gibson KS, Hoffman MC, Hoffman MK, Hughes BL, Katz SD, Laleau V, Mendez-Figueroa H, Monteiro J, Okumura MJ, Pacheco LD, Palomares KTS, Parry S, Plunkett BA, Reddy UM, Rouse DJ, Saade GR, Sandoval GJ, Simhan HN, Skupski DW, Sowles A, Thorp JM Jr, Tita ATN, Weiner SJ, Wiegand S, Yee LM, Gross RS, Metz TD; RECOVER-Pregnancy Consortium. Intrauterine SARS-CoV-2 Exposure and Infant Neurodevelopment through 18 Months of Age: Findings from the Researching COVID to Enhance Recovery (RECOVER) Pregnancy Study. J Pediatr. 2026 Jan 19;292:114997. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2026.114997. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41565007; PMCID: PMC12962406.
Fujisawa, K.K., Ozaki, K., Suzuki, K., Yamagata, S., Kawahashi, I., & Ando, J. (2012). Genetic and environmental relationships between head circumference growth in the first year of life and sociocognitive development in the second year: a longitudinal twin study. Developmental Science, 15(1), 99-112. PMID: 22251296 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467- 7687.2011.01097.x
Fortea Sevilla, M.S., Escandell Bermúdez, M.O., &Castro Sánchez J.J. (2013)[Estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in the Canary Islands]. Anales de Pediatría. 79(6), 352-359. [Article in Spanish] PMID: 23746744 DOI:10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.04.022
Garcia-Primo, P., Hellendoorn, A., Charman, T., Roeyers, H., Dereu, M., Roge, B., Baduel, S., Muratori, F., Narzisi, A., Van Daalen, E., Moilanen, I., de la Paz, M.P., & Canal-Bedia, R. (2014). Screening for autism spectrum disorders: state of the art in Europe. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(11), 1005-1021. PMID: 24913785 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-014-0555-6
García Primo, P., Santos Borbujo, J., Martín Cilleros, M.V., Martínez Velarte, M., Lleras Muñoz S., Posada de la Paz, M., & Canal Bedia, R. (2014) [Pervasive developmental disorders screening program in the health areas of Salamanca and Zamora in Spain]. Anales de Pediatría. 80(5):85-292 [Article in Spanish] PMID: 24103249 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.06.030.
Garcia-Ron, G., Carratala, F., Andreo-Lillo, P., Mestre-Ricote, J.L., & Moya, M. (2012). [Early clinical indicators of pervasive development disorders]. Anales de Pediatria, 77(3), 171-175. PMID: 22444581 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.08.013 (Article in Spanish)
Gardner, L.M., Murphy, L., Campbell, J.M., Tylavsky, F., Palmer, F.B., & Graff, J.C. (2013). Screening accuracy for risk of autism spectrum disorder using the Brief Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (BITSEA). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(5), 591-600. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2013.01.004
Glascoe, F.P., Macias, M.M., Wegner, L.M., & Robertshaw, N.S. (2007). Can a broadband developmental-behavioral screening test identify children likely to have autism spectrum disorder? Clinical Pediatrics 46 (9), 801-805. PMID: 17641122 DOI: 10.1177/0009922807303928
Gray PH. M-CHAT autism screening may be inaccurate among toddlers born very preterm. J Pediatr. 2017 Mar;182:401-404. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds. 2016.12.067. PubMed PMID: 28237456
Gray, P.H., Edwards, D.M., O’Callaghan, M.J., & Gibbons, K. (2015). Screening for autism spectrum disorder in very preterm infants during early childhood. Early Human Development, 91 (4), 271-276. PMID: 25766314 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2015.02.007
Guevara, J.P., Gerdes, M., Localio, R., Huang, Y.S.V., Pinto-Martin, J., Minkovitz, C.S., Hsu, D.N., Kyriakou, L., Baglivo, S., Kavanagh, J., & Pati, S. (2013). Effectiveness of Developmental Screening in an Urban Setting. Pediatrics, 131(1), 30-37. PMID: 23248223 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-0765
Guo C, Luo M, Wang X, Huang S, Meng Z, Shao J, Zhang X, Shao Z, Wu J, Robins DL, Jing J. Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised, with Follow-Up (M-CHAT-R/F). J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Jul 25. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3682-y. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30047095
Guthrie W, Wallis K, Bennett A, Brooks E, Dudley J, Gerdes M, Pandey J, Levy SE, Schultz RT, Miller JS. Accuracy of Autism Screening in a Large Pediatric Network. Pediatrics. 2019 Oct;144(4). pii: e20183963. doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3963. PubMed PMID: 31562252
Guy, A., Seaton, S.E., Boyle, E.M., Draper, E.S., Field, D.J., Manktelow, B.N., Marlow, N., Smith, L.K., & Johnson, S. (2015). Infants Born Late/Moderately Preterm Are at Increased Risk for a Positive Autism Screen at 2 Years of Age. Journal of Pediatrics, 166(2), 269. PMID: 25477165 DOI: 25477165
Hardy, S., Haisley, L., Manning, C., & Fein, D. (2015) Can Screening with the Ages and Stages Questionnaire Detect Autism? Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 36(7), 536-543 PMID: 26348972 DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000201
Harrington, J.W., Bai, R., & Perkins, A.M. (2013). Screening Children for Autism in an Urban Clinic Using an Electronic M-CHAT. Clinical Pediatrics, 52(1), 35-41. PMID: 23117237 DOI: 10.1177/0009922812463957
Herlihy, L.,Brooks, B., Dumont-Mathieu, T., Barton, M., Fein, D., Chen, C., & Robins, D.L. (2014). Standardized screening facilitates timely diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in a diverse sample of low-risk toddlers. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 35(2), 85-92. PMID:24509053
Hoang VM, Le TV, Chu TTQ, Le BN, Duong MD, Thanh NM, Tac Pham V, Minas H, Bui TTH. Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders and their relation to selected socio-demographic factors among children aged 18-30 months in northern Vietnam, 2017. Int J Ment Health Syst. 2019 Apr 29;13:29. doi: 10.1186/s13033-019-0285-8. eCollection 2019. PMID: 31168317 Free PMC Article
Inada, N., Kamio, Y., & Koyama, T. (2010). Developmental chronology of preverbal social behaviors in infancy using the M-CHAT: Baseline for early detection of atypical social development. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 4(4), 605-611. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.12.003
Inada, N., Koyama, T., Inokuchi, E., Kuroda, M., & Kamio, Y. (2011). Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Modified Checklist for autism in toddlers (M-CHAT). Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 330-336. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.016
Ip A, Dupuis A, Anagnostou E, Loh A, Dodds T, Munoz A, Smile S. General paediatric practice in autism spectrum disorder screening in Ontario, Canada: Opportunities for improvement. Paediatr Child Health. 2019 Nov 14;26(1):e33-e38. doi: 10.1093/pch/pxz150. PMID: 33542776; PMCID: PMC7850291.
Jackman TC, May W, Crais E. Understanding Mississippi’s Current Practices Concerning Autism Screening at 18 & 24 Months. Soc Work Public Health. 2020 Apr 1;35(4):137-151. doi: 10.1080/19371918.2020.1764431. Epub 2020 Jun 1. PMID: 32479161.
Jensen K, Noazin S, Bitterfeld L, Carcelen A, Vargas-Cuentas NI, Hidalgo D, Valenzuela A, Roman-Gonzalez A, Krebs C, Clement V, Nolan C, Barrientos F, Mendoza AK, Noriega-Donis P, Palacios C, Ramirez A, Vittet M, Hafeez E, Torres-Viso M, Velarde M, Moulton LH, Powers MD, Gilman RH, Zimic M; Autism Working Group in Peru. Autism Detection in Children by Combined Use of Gaze Preference and the M-CHAT-R in a Resource-Scarce Setting. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021 Mar;51(3):994-1006. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-04878-0. Epub 2021 Feb 16. PMID: 33591436; PMCID: PMC7954728.
Jonsdottir SL, Saemundsen E, Jonsson BG, Rafnsson V. Validation of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-up in a Population Sample of 30-Month-Old Children in Iceland: A Prospective Approach. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021 May 4. doi: 10.1007/s10803-021-05053-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33945117.
Kamio, Y., Haraguchi, H., Stickley, A., Ogino, K., Ishitobi, M., &Takahashi, H. (2015) Brief Report: Best Discriminators for Identifying Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at an 18-Month Health Check-Up in Japan. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 45(12), 4147-4153. PMID: 26189180 D0I 10.1007/s10803-015-2527-1
Kamio, Y., Inada, N., Koyama, T., Inokuchi, E., Tsuchiya, K., & Kuroda, M. (2014). Effectiveness of Using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in Two-Stage Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder at the 18-Month Health Check-Up in Japan. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(1), 194-203. PMID: 23740200 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013- 1864-1
Kamio, Y. (2007) [Early detection of and diagnostic tools for Asperger’s disorder]. Nihon Rinsho. 65(3), 477-480. [Article in Japanese] PMID: 17354561
Karabulut B, Sahbudak B. Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening at 18-36 Months in Infants with Moderate and Severe Neonatal Encephalopathy: Is Routine Screening Required? Psychopharmacol Bull. 2020 Jul 23;50(3):8-22. PMID: 32733108; PMCID: PMC7377542.
Katheria AC, El Ghormli L, Clark E, Yoder B, Schmölzer GM, Law BHY, El-Naggar W, Rittenberg D, Sheth S, Martin C, Vora F, Lakshminrusimha S, Underwood M, Mazela J, Kaempf J, Tomlinson M, Gollin Y, Rich W, Morales A, Varner M, Poeltler D, Vaucher Y, Mercer J, Finer N, Rice MM. Two-Year Outcomes of Umbilical Cord Milking in Nonvigorous Infants: A Secondary Analysis of the MINVI Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jul 1;7(7):e2416870. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16870. PMID: 38949814; PMCID: PMC11217871
Kato D, Okuno A, Ishikawa T, Itakura S, Oguchi S, Kasahara Y, Kanenishi K, Kitadai Y, Kimura Y, Shimojo N, Nakahara K, Hanai A, Hamada H, Mogami H, Morokuma S, Sakurada K, Konishi Y, Kawakami E. Multilevel Factors and Indicators of Atypical Neurodevelopment During Early Infancy in Japan: Prospective, Longitudinal, Observational Study. JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2025 Apr 4;8:e58337. doi: 10.2196/58337. PMID: 40190042; PMCID: PMC11990654.
Kern, J.K., Garver, C.R., Mehta, J.A., Hannan, P.A., Bakken, L.E., Vidaud, A.M., Abraham, J., & Daoud, Y. (2013) Prospective, blinded exploratory evaluation of the PlayWisely program in children with autism spectrum disorder. Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine. 86(2), 157-167. PMID: 23766737
Kerub O, Haas EJ, Meiri G, Bilenko N, Flusser H, Michaelovski A, Dinstein I, Davidovitch N, Menashe I. Ethnic Disparities in the Diagnosis of Autism in Southern Israel. Autism Res. 2021 Jan;14(1):193-201. doi: 10.1002/aur.2421. Epub 2020 Oct 20. PMID: 33078561.
Kerub O, Haas EJ, Meiri G, Davidovitch N, Menashe I. A Comparison Between Two Screening Approaches for ASD Among Toddlers in Israel. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Aug 11. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3711-x. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:30099656
Khowaja, M., Hazzard, A., & Robins, D.L. (2015). Sociodemographic barriers to early detection of autism: screening and evaluation using the M-CHAT, M-CHAT-R, and Follow-Up. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45, 1797-1808. PMID: 25488122. DOI: 10.1007/s10803-014-2339-8.
Khowaja M, Robins DL, Adamson LB. Utilizing two-tiered screening for early detection of autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2017 Sep 1:1362361317712649. doi: 10.1177/1362361317712649. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28905644.
Kim SH, Joseph RM, Frazier JA, O’Shea TM, Chawarska K, Allred EN, Leviton A, Kuban KK; Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) Study Investigators. Predictive Validity of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers(M-CHAT) Born Very Preterm. J Pediatr. 2016 Nov;178:101-107.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.07.052. Epub 2016 Aug 31. PubMed PMID: 27592094;
Kimple, K.S., Bartelt, E.A., Wysocki, K.L., & Steiner, M.J. (2014). Performance of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in Spanish-Speaking Patients. Clinical Pediatrics, 53(7), 632-638. PMID: 24550559 DOI: 10.1177/0009922814522346
Koh, H.C., Lim, S.H., Chan, G.J., Lin, M.B., Lim, H.H., Choo, S.H.T., & Magiati, I. (2014). The Clinical Utility of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers with High Risk 18-48 Month Old Children in Singapore. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(2), 405-416. PMID: 23812662 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1880-1
Koyama, T., Kamio, Y., Inada, N., & Inokuchi, E. (2011). Maternal age at childbirth and social development in infancy. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 450-454. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.06.008
Kozlowski, A.M., Matson, J.L., Worley, J.A., Sipes, M., & Horovitz, M. (2012). Defining characteristics for young children meeting cutoff on the modified checklist for autism in toddlers. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 472-479. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.07.007
Kuban, K.C.K., O’Shea, T.M., Allred, E.N., Tager-Flusberg, H., Goldstein, D.J., & Leviton, A. (2009). Positive Screening on the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns. Journal of Pediatrics, 154(4), 535-540. PMID: 19185317 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2008.10.011
Kuhn J, Levinson J, Udhnani MD, Wallis K, Hickey E, Bennett A, Fenick AM, Feinberg E, Broder-Fingert S. What Happens After a Positive Primary Care Autism Screen Among Historically Underserved Families? Predictors of Evaluation and Autism Diagnosis. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2021 Feb 22. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000928. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 33631787.
Lederman VRG, Goulart AL, Negrão JG, da Cunha DHF, Dos Santos AMN, Schwartzman JS. Visual scanning preferences in low birth weight preterm infants. Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 2019;41(4):334-339. doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2018-0083
Levick S, Staples AD, Warschausky S, Huth-Bocks A, Taylor HG, Gidley Larson JC, Peterson C, Lukomski A, Lajiness-O’Neill R. Caregiver-reported infant motor and imitation skills predict M-CHAT-R/F. Child Neuropsychol. 2024 Oct;30(7):1035-1053. doi: 10.1080/09297049.2024.2304378. Epub 2024 Jan 26. PMID: 38275156; PMCID: PMC11272902.
Lordan R, Storni C, De Benedictis CA. Autism Spectrum Disorders: Diagnosis and Treatment. In: Grabrucker AM, editor. Autism Spectrum Disorders [Internet]. Brisbane (AU): Exon Publications; 2021 Aug 20. Chapter 2. PMID: 34495618.
Losapio, M.F., Pondé, M.P. (2008). Tradução para o Português da escala M-CHAT para rastreamento precoce de autismo. [Translated Title: Translation into Portuguese of the M-CHAT Scale for early screening of autism.] Revista de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, Vol 30(3), 221-229.
Lung FW, Chiang TL, Lin SJ, Lee MC, Shu BC. Advanced Maternal Age and Maternal Education Disparity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Matern Child Health J. 2018 Feb 6. doi: 10.1007/s10995-018-2470-9. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29411255.
Lung, F.W., Chiang, T.L., Lin, S.J., & Shu, B.C. (2011). Autism-risk screening in the first 3 years of life in Taiwan Birth Cohort Pilot Study. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(4), 1385-1389. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.01.024
Luyster, R.J., Kuban, K.C.K., O’Shea, T.M., Paneth, N., Allred, E.N., & Leviton, A. (2011). The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers in extremely low gestational age newborns: individual items associated with motor, cognitive, vision and hearing limitations. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 25(4), 366-376. PMID: 21649679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3016.2010.01187.x
Lynch, B.A., Weaver, A.L., Starr, S.R., Ytterberg, K.L., Rostad, P.V., Hall, D.J., & Tucker, S.J. (2015) Developmental Screening and Follow-up by Nurses. American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing. 40(6), 388-393. DOI: 10.1097/NMC.0000000000000179
Maebayashi H, Takiguchi T, Takada S. Study on the Language Formation Process of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants in Infancy Using a Formant Analysis. Kobe J Med Sci. 2019;65(2):E59-E70. Published 2019 Nov 8.
Magán-Maganto M, Canal-Bedia R, Hernández-Fabián A, Bejarano-Martín Á, Fernández-Álvarez CJ, Martínez-Velarte M, Martín-Cilleros MV, Flores-Robaina N, Roeyers H, Posada de la Paz M. Spanish Cultural Validation of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Oct 17. doi: 10.1007/s10803-018-3777-5. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 30328577.
Manzouri L, Yousefian S, Keshtkari A, Hashemi N. Advanced Parental Age and Risk of Positive Autism Spectrum Disorders Screening. Int J Prev Med. 2019 Aug 12;10:135. doi: 10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM_25_19. eCollection 2019. PubMed PMID:31516676; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC6710919 Free PMC Article
Marrus, N., Glowinski, A.L., Jacob, T., Klin, A., Jones, W., Drain, C.E., Holzhauer, K.E., Hariprasad, V., Fitzgerald, R.T., Mortenson, E.L., Sant, S.M., Cole, L., Siegel, S.A., Zhang, Y., Agrawal, A., Heath, A.C., & Constantino, J.N. (2015) Rapid Video-Referenced Ratings of Reciprocal Social Behavior in Toddlers: a Twin Study. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 56(12), 1338-1346. DOI 10.1111/jcpp.12391 WOS:000366512300008
Marvin AR, Marvin DJ, Lipkin PH, Law JK. Analysis of Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) Screening for Children Less Than Age 4. Curr Dev Disord Rep. 2017;4(4):137-144. doi: 10.1007/s40474-017-0122-1. Epub 2017 Nov 4. Review. PubMed PMID: 29188169
Matson, J.L., Kozlowski, A.M., Fitzgerald, M.E., & Sipes, M. (2013). True versus false positives and negatives on the Modified Checklist For Autism in Toddlers. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(1), 17-22. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2012.02.011
Matson, J.L., Rieske, R.D., & Tureck, K. (2011). Additional considerations for the early detection and diagnosis of autism: Review of available instruments. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(4), 1319-1326. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.03.006
Matson, J.L., Wilkins, J., & Fodstad, J.C. (2011). The Validity of the Baby and Infant Screen for Children with aUtIsm Traits: Part 1 (BISCUIT: Part 1). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(9), 1139-1146. PMID: 20177764 DOI: 10.1007/s10803- 010-0973-3
Mawle, E. & Griffiths, P. (2006). Screening for autism in pre-school children in primary care: Systematic review of English Language tools. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43 (5), 623-636. PMID: 16387303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.11.011
McClure LA, Lee NL, Sand K, Vivanti G, Fein D, Stahmer A, Robins DL. Connecting the Dots: a cluster-randomized clinical trial integrating standardized autism spectrum disorders screening, high-quality treatment, and long-term outcomes. Trials. 2021 May 2;22(1):319. doi: 10.1186/s13063-021-05286-6. PMID: 33934719; PMCID: PMC8091523.
McClure C, Reines S, Suchdev PS, Oladele A, Goodman AB. Adapting an Autism Screening Tool for Use in the DeKalb County Refugee Pediatric Clinic. J Immigr Minor Health 2017 Feb 14. doi: 10.1007 PMC7870497.s10903-017-0553-0. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 28197861
McFayden TC, Harrop C, Roell K, Joseph RM, Fry RC, O’Shea TM. Sex Differences in Autistic Youth Born Extremely Preterm. J Autism Dev Disord. 2026 Feb;56(2):830-837. doi: 10.1007/s10803-024-06319-0. Epub 2024 Mar 15. PMID: 38489107; PMCID: PMC11401963.
McPheeters ML, Weitlauf A, Vehorn A, Taylor C, Sathe NA, Krishnaswami S, Fonnesbeck C, Warren ZE. Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder in YoungChildren: A Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [Internet]. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2016 Feb. Available from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK349703/ PubMed PMID: 26985520
Miller LE, Dai YG, Fein DA, Robins DL. Characteristics of toddlers with early versus later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Autism. 2021 Feb;25(2):416-428. doi: 10.1177/1362361320959507. Epub 2020 Sep 26. PMID: 32981352; PMCID: PMC7870497.
Mohamed FE, Zaky EA, Youssef A, Elhossiny R, Zahra S, Khalaf R, Youssef W, Wafiq A, Ibrahim R, Abd-Elhakim R, Obada A, Eldin WS. Screening of Egyptian toddlers for autism spectrum disorder using an Arabic validated version of M-CHAT; report of a community-based study (Stage I). Eur Psychiatry. 2016 Apr;34:43-48. doi: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2421. Epub 2016 Feb 27. PubMed PMID:26928345.
Monteiro SA, Dempsey J, Berry LN, Voigt RG, Goin-Kochel RP. Screening and Referral Practices for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Primary Pediatric Care. Pediatrics. 2019 Oct;144(4). pii: e20183326. doi: 10.1542/peds.2018-3326. Epub 2019 Sep 12. PubMed PMID: 31515298
Moore, T., Johnson, S., Hennessy, E., & Marlow, N. (2012). Screening for autism in extremely preterm infants: problems in interpretation. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 54(6), 514-520. PMID: 22458327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.2012.04265.x
Nath, S., Roy, R., & Mukherjee, S. (2012) Perinatal complications associated with autism–a case control study in a neurodevelopment and early intervention clinic. Journal of the Indian Medical Association. 110(8), 526-529. PMID: 23741815
Nygren, G., Sandberg, E., Gillstedt, F., Ekeroth, G., Arvidsson, T., & Gillberg, C. (2012). A new screening programme for autism in a general population of Swedish toddlers. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 33(4), 1200-1210. PMID: 22502846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.02.018
Øien RA, Hart L, Schjølberg S, Wall CA, Kim ES, Nordahl-Hansen A, Eisemann MR, Chawarska K, Volkmar FR, Shic F. Parent-Endorsed Sex Differences in Toddlers with and Without ASD: Utilizing the M-CHAT. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017Jan;47(1):126-134. doi: 10.1007/s10803-016-2945-8. PubMed PMID:27757737
Øien RA, Schjølberg S, Volkmar FR, Shic F, Cicchetti DV, Nordahl-Hansen A, Stenberg N, Hornig M, Havdahl A, Øyen AS, Ventola P, Susser ES, Eisemann MR, Chawarska K. Clinical Features of Children With Autism Who Passed 18-Month Screening. Pediatrics. 2018 May 21. pii: e20173596. doi: 10.1542/peds.2017-3596. PubMed PMID: 29784756.
Øien RA, Vivanti G, Robins DL. Editorial S.I: Early Identification in Autism Spectrum Disorders: The Present and Future, and Advances in Early Identification. J Autism Dev Disord. 2021 Mar;51(3):763-768. doi: 10.1007/s10803-020-04860-2. Epub 2021 Jan 22. PMID: 33483912; PMCID: PMC7954717.
Oner O, Munir KM. Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Revised (MCHAT-R/F) in an Urban Metropolitan Sample of Young Children in Turkey.J Autism Dev Disord. 2019 Aug 14. doi: 10.1007/s10803-019-04160-4. [Epub ahead of print] PMID: 31414260
Ontiveros Perez NL, Rios PM, Wang SF, Marchman VA, Aishworiya R, Feldman HM. Positive Autism Screening in Children Born Preterm. J Autism Dev Disord. 2025 Jun 5. doi: 10.1007/s10803-025-06906-9. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40471398.
Ouss-Ryngaert, L., Alvarez, L., & Boissel, A. (2012) [Autism and prematurity: state of the art]. Archives de Pédiatrie. 19(9), 970-975. [Article in French] PMID: 22877858 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2012.06.007
Pandey, J., Verbalis, A., Robins, D.L., Boorstein, H., Klin, A., Babitz, T., Chawarska, K., Volkmar, F., Green, J., Barton, M., & Fein, D. (2008). Screening for autism in older and younger toddlers.Autism: The International Journal of Science and Practice, 12 (5), 513- 535. PMID: 18805945
Perera, H., Wijewardena, K., & Aluthwelage, R (2009). Screening of 18-24-Month-Old Children for Autism in a Semi-Urban Community in Sri Lanka. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 55(6), 402-405. PMID: 19401407 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmp031
Petrocchi S, Levante A, Lecciso F. Systematic Review of Level 1 and Level 2 Screening Tools for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Toddlers. Brain Sci. 2020 Mar 19;10(3):180. doi: 10.3390/brainsci10030180. PMID: 32204563; PMCID: PMC7139816.
Pineda, R., Neil, J., Dierker, D., Smyser, C., Wallendorf, M., Kidokoro, H., Reynolds, L., Walker, S., Rogers, C., Mathur, A., VanEssen, D, & Inder, T. Alterations in brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcome in preterm infants hospitalized in different neonatal intensive care unit environments. Journal of Pediatrics. 164(1), 52–60. PMID: PMC3872171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.08.047
Pinto-Martin, J.A., Young, L.M., Mandell, D.S., Poghosyan, L., Giarelli, E., & Levy, S.E. (2008). Screening Strategies for Autism Spectrum Disorders in Pediatric Primary Care. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 29 (5), 345-350. PMID: 18852608 DOI: 10.1097/DBP .0b013e31818914cf
Pop-Jordanova N, Zorcec T. Does the M-Chat-R Give Important Information for the Diagnosis of the Autism Spectrum Disorder? Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki). 2021 Apr 23;42(1):67-75. doi: 10.2478/prilozi-2021-0005. PMID: 33894115.
Posada-De la Paz M., Ferrari-Arroyo, M.J., Touriño, E/, Boada, L. (2005)[Epidemiological research in autism: an integrative view]. Revista de Neurolgica. 15(40), Suppl 1:S191-8. [Article in Spanish] PMID: 15736087
Primo, P.G., Borbujo, J.S., Cilleros, M.V.M., Velarte, M.M., Munoz, S.L., de la Paz, M.P., & Bedia, R.C. (2014). Pervasive developmental disorders screening program in the health areas of Salamanca and Zamora. Anales de Pediatria, 80(5), 285-292. DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.06.030
Pritchard MA, de Dassel T, Beller E, Bogossian F, Johnston L, Paynter J, Russo S, Scott J. Autism in Toddlers Born Very Preterm. Pediatrics. 2016 Feb;137(2):e20151949. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-1949. Epub 2016 Jan 21.PubMed PMID:26798043
Ravi S, Chandrasekaran V, Kattimani S, Subramanian M. Maternal and birth risk factors for children screening positive for autism spectrum disorders on M-CHAT-R. Asian J Psychiatr. 2016 Aug;22:17-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2016.04.001. Epub 2016 Apr 23. PubMed PMID: 27520889.
Ren, S., Ma, H.W., Hu, M., Wang, L.B., Wang, L., Li, F., Song, Y., & Tan, Y.H. (2012 ) [Clinical application of M-CHAT and CHAT-23 for autism screening]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. (12), 946-950. [Article in Chinese] PMID: 23234784
Richards M, Mossey J, Robins DL. Parents’ Concerns as They Relate to Their Child’s Development and Later Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2016 Sep;37(7):532-40. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000339. PubMed PMID:27541581
Rizzolo D, Smith NE, McCall TC, Roberts A, Porta K. Physician Assistant Students’ Competency to Identify and Diagnose Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Physician Assist Educ. 2020 Jun;31(2):71-76. doi: 10.1097/JPA.0000000000000305. PMID: 32332585.
Robins, D.L., Casagrande, K., Barton, M.L., Chen, C., Dumont-Mathieu, T., & Fein, D. (2014). Validation of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers-Revised with Follow-Up (M- CHAT-R/F). Pediatrics, 133 (1), 37-45. PMID:24366990. PMCID: PMC3876182.
Robinson SL, Parikh T, Lin T, Bell EM, Heisler E, Park H, Kus C, Stern JE, Yeung EH. Infertility treatment and autism risk using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT). Hum Reprod. 2020 Mar 27;35(3):684-693. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dez298. PMID: 32163552.
Rogé, B., Chabrol, H., Unsaldi, I. (2009). Le dépistage précoce de I’autisme: Quelle faisabilité? [Translated Title: Early screening autism: How far?] Enfance, Vol 61(1), 27-40.
Roux, A.M., Herrera, P., Wold, C.M., Dunkle, M.C., Glascoe, F.P., & Shattuck, P.T. (2012). Developmental and Autism Screening Through 2-1-1 Reaching Underserved Families. American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 43(6), 457-463. PMID: 23157765 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2012.08.011
Ruel A, Chiarella SS, Crivello C, Poulin-Dubois D. Concurrent Validity of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT): Socio-cognitive and Verbal Skills in 18-Month-Old Infants. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020 Feb 4. doi: 10.1007/s10803-020-04379-6. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 32020422.
Sacchi C, O’Muircheartaigh J, Batalle D, Counsell SJ, Simonelli A, Cesano M, Falconer S, Chew A, Kennea N, Nongena P, Rutherford MA, Edwards AD, Nosarti C. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Following Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Very Preterm Birth. J Pediatr. 2021 Jul 7:S0022-3476(21)00667-3. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.07.002. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 34245768.
Salgado-Cacho JM, Moreno-Jiménez MDP, de Diego-Otero Y. Detection of Early Warning Signs in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review. Children (Basel). 2021 Feb 22;8(2):164. doi: 10.3390/children8020164. PMID: 33671540; PMCID: PMC7926898.
Salisbury LA, Nyce JD, Hannum CD, Sheldrick RC, Perrin EC. Sensitivity and Specificity of 2 Autism Screeners Among Referred Children Between 16 and 48 Months of Age. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2018 Apr;39(3):254-258. DOI:10.1097/DBP.0000000000000537. PubMed PMID: 29570569.
Samadi, S.A. & McConkey, R. (2015) Screening for Autism in Iranian Preschoolers: Contrasting M-CHAT and a Scale Developed in Iran. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 45(9), 2908-2916PMID: 25911978 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2454-1
Scarpa, A., Reyes, N.M., Patriquin, M.A., Lorenzi, J., Hassenfeldt, T.A., Desai, V.J., & Kerkering, K.W. (2013). The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: Reliability in a Diverse Rural American Sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(10), 2269-79. PMID: 23386118 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1779-x
Scarlytt de Oliveira Holanda N, Delgado Oliveira da Costa L, Suelen Santos Sampaio S, Gomes da Fonseca Filho G, Batista Bezerra R, Guerra Azevedo I, Alves Pereira S. Screening for Autism Spectrum Disorder in Premature Subjects Hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 21;17(20):7675. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207675. PMID: 33096698; PMCID: PMC7589640.
Seif Eldin, A., Habib, D., Noufal, A., Farrag, S., Bazaid, K., Al-Sharbati, M., Badr, H., Moussa, S., Essali, A., & Gaddour, N. (2008) Use of M-CHAT for a multinational screening of young children with autism in the Arab countries. International review of psychiatry. 20(3):281-2899. PMID: 18569180 DOI: 10.1080/09540260801990324
Seung, H., Ji, J.Y., Kim, S.J., Sung, I., Youn, Y.A., Hong, G., Lee, H., Lee, Y.H., Lee, H., & Youm, H.K. (2015) Examination of the Korean Modified Checklist of Autism in Toddlers: Item Response Theory. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 45(9), 2744-2757 PMID: 25847755 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-015-2439-0
Sevilla, M.S.F., Bermudez, M.O.E., & Sanchez, J.J.C. (2013). Estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorders in the Canary Islands. Anales de Pediatria, 79(6), 352-359. DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2013.04.022
Smith, N.J., Sheldrick, R.C., & Perrin, E.C. (2013). An Abbreviated Screening Instrument for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Infant Mental Health Journal, 32(2), 149-155. DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21356
Snow, A.V. & Lecavalier, L. (2008). Sensitivity and specificity of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the Social Communication Questionnaire in preschoolers suspected of having pervasive developmental disorders. Autism 12(6), 627-644. PMID: 19005032 DOI: 10.1177/1362361308097116
Stenberg, N., Bresnahan, M., Gunnes, N., Hirtz, D., Hornig, M., Lie, K.K., Lipkin, W.I., Lord, C., Magnus, P., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., Schjolberg, S., Suren, P., Susser, E., Svendsen, B.K., von Tetzchner, S., Oyen, A.S., & Stoltenberg, C. (2014). Identifying Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder at 18 Months in a General Population Sample. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 28(3), 255-262. PMID: 24547686 DOI: 10.1111/ppe.12114
Stenberg N, Schjølberg S, Shic F, et al. Functional Outcomes of Children Identified Early in the Developmental Period as at Risk for ASD Utilizing the The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) [published online ahead of print, 2020 May 18]. J Autism Dev Disord. 2020;10.1007/s10803-020-04539-8. doi:10.1007/s10803-020-04539-8
Sturner R, Howard B, Bergmann P, Morrel T, Landa R, Walton K, Marks D. Accurate Autism Screening at the 18-Month Well-Child Visit Requires Different Strategies than at 24 Months. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017 Oct;47(10): 3296-3310. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3231-0. PubMed PMID: 28762159
Sturner R, Howard B, Bergmann P, Stewart L, Afarian TE. Comparison of Autism Screening in Younger and Older Toddlers. J Autism Dev Disord. 2017 Oct;47(10):3180-3188. doi: 10.1007/s10803-017-3230-1. PubMed PMID:28733850;
Sturner, R.A., Howard, B.J., Bergmann, P., & Afarian, T.E. (2015). Young Toddlers Score Differently on the M-CHAT Autism Screen than Older Toddlers. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(2), S5.
Sturner R, Howard B, Bergmann P, Morrel T, Andon L, Marks D, Rao P, Landa R. Autism Screening With Online Decision Support by Primary Care Pediatricians Aided by M-CHAT/F. Pediatrics. 2016 Sep;138(3). pii: e20153036. doi: 10.1542/peds.2015-3036. Epub 2016 Aug 19. PubMed PMID: 27542847
Suma K, Adamson LB, Bakeman R, Robins DL, Abrams DN. After Early Autism Diagnosis: Changes in Intervention and Parent-Child Interaction. J Autism Dev Disord. 2016 Aug;46(8):2720-33. doi: 10.1007/s10803-016-2808-3. PubMed PMID:27193183
Sunita & Bilszta, J.L.C. (2013). Early identification of autism: A comparison of the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 49(6), 438-444. PMID: 22971004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2012.02558.x
Thomas RE, Spragins W, Mazloum G, Cronkhite M, Maru G. Rates of detection of developmental problems at the 18-month well-baby visit by family physicians’ using four evidence-based screening tools compared to usual care: a randomized controlled trial. Child Care Health Dev. 2016 May;42(3):382-93. doi: 10.1111/cch.12333. Epub 2016 Apr 8. PubMed PMID: 27061302
Tinker, J., Carbone, P.S., Viskochil, D., Mathiesen, A., Ma, K.N., & Stevenson, D.A. (2014). Screening children for neurofibromatosis type 1 for autism spectrum disorder. American Journal of Medical Genetics, 164(7), 1706-1712. PMID: 24715629 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.36549
Toh TH, Tan VW, Lau PS, Kiyu A. Accuracy of Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) in Detecting Autism and Other Developmental Disorders in Community Clinics. J Autism Dev Disord. 2018 Jan;48(1):28-35. doi 10.1007/s10803-017-3287-x. PubMed PMID: 28866856.
Tsai JM, Lu L, Jeng SF, Cheong PL, Gau SS, Huang YH, Wu YT. Validation of the modified checklist for autism in toddlers, revised with follow-up in Taiwanese toddlers. Res Dev Disabil. 2019 Feb;85:205-216. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.11.011. Epub 2018 Dec 19. PubMed PMID: 30579261.
Ts J, Jacob P, Srinath S, G SK, L M, Gr G, Robins DL, K T. Toddlers at risk for Autism Spectrum Disorders from Kerala, India – A community based screening. Asian J Psychiatr. 2017 Dec 28;31:10-12. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp. 2017.12.016. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 29306218.
Ventola, P., Kleinman, J., Pandey, J., Wilson, L., Esser, E., Boorstein, H., Dumont-Mathieu, T., Marshia, G., Robins, D., Barton, M., Hodgson, S., Green, J., Volkmar, F., Chawarska, K., Babitz, T., & Fein, D. (2007). Differentiating between autism spectrum disorders and other developmental disabilities in children who failed a screening instrument for ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37 (3), 425-436. PMID: 16897377
Vorster C, Kritzinger A, Coetser LE, Van der Linde J. Preliminary reliability of South African adaptation and Northern Sotho translation of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised with Follow-Up. S Afr J Commun Disord.2021 Jul 22;68(1):e1-e7. doi: 10.4102/sajcd.v68i1.831. PMID: 34342485; PMCID:PMC8335781.
Wallis KE, Guthrie W, Bennett AE, Gerdes M, Levy SE, Mandell DS, Miller JS. Adherence to screening and referral guidelines for autism spectrum disorder in toddlers in pediatric primary care. PLoS One. 2020 May 7;15(5):e0232335. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232335. PMID: 32379778; PMCID: PMC7205236.
Wei QH, Xie XF, Dai JJ, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Cheng Q. [Value of autism screening checklists in the early identification of autism spectrum disorder]. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2021 Apr;23(4):343-349. Chinese. doi: 10.7499/j.issn.1008-8830.2010070. PMID: 33840405; PMCID: PMC8050549.
Weitlauf, AS., Vehorn, A.C., Stone, W.L., Fein, D, , & Warren, Z.E. (2015) Using the M-CHAT-R/F to Identify Developmental Concerns in a High-Risk 18-Month-Old Sibling Sample. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics. 36(7), 497 -502 PMID: 26171765 DOI: 10.1097/DBP.0000000000000194
Welch, M.G., Firestein, M.R., Austin, J., Hane, A.A., Stark, R.I., Hofer, M.A., Garland, M., Glickstein, S.B., Brunelli, S.A., Ludwig, R.J., & Myers, M.M. (2015) Family Nurture Intervention in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Improves Social-Relatedness, Attention, and Neurodevelopment of Preterm Infants at 18 Months in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 56(11), 1202-1211 PMID: 25763525 DOI 10.1111/jcpp.12405
Wieckowski AT, Perez Liz G, McGhee Hassrick E, Koku E, Frick E, Austin A, Robins DL. Navigating the Challenges: A Commentary on Barriers to Autism Screening in Childcare Centers. Behav Sci (Basel). 2026 Jan 6;16(1):79. doi: 10.3390/bs16010079. PMID: 41595020; PMCID: PMC12837287.
Wong HS, Huertas-Ceballos A, Cowan FM, Modi N; Medicines for Neonates Investigator Group. Evaluation of early childhood social-communication difficulties in children born preterm using the Quantitative Checklist for Autism in Toddlers. J Pediatr. 2014 Jan;164(1):26-33.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.07.013. Epub 2013 Aug 22. Erratum in: J Pediatr. 2014 Jan;164(1):221. PubMed PMID: 23972644.
Wong, V., Hui, L.H.S., Lee, W.C., Leung, L.S.J., Ho, P.K.P., Lau, W.L.C., Fung, C.W., & Chung, B. (2004). A modified screening tool for autism (Checklist for Autism in Toddlers [CHAT- 23]) for Chinese children. Pediatrics 114 (2), 166-176.
Wright, K. & Poulin-Dubois, D. (2012). Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) screening at 18 months of age predicts concurrent understanding of desires, word learning and expressive vocabulary. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 184- 192. DOI: 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.04.004
Yama, B., Freeman, T., Graves, E., Yuan, S., & Campbell, M.K. (2012). Examination of the Properties of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) in a Population Sample. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(1), 23-34. PMID: 21373956
Yamada, Y., Yoshida, F., Hemmi, H., Ito, M., Kakita, H., Yoshikawa, T., Hishida, M., Iguchi, T., Seo, T., & Nakanishi, K. (2011). Atypical social development in neonatal intensive care unit survivors at 12 months. Pediatrics International, 53(6), 858-866. PMID: 21429057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2011.03367.x
Yates, K. LeCouteur, A. (2009). Diagnostyka autyzmu [Translated Title: Diagnosing autism]. Paediatrics and Child Health, 19: 55-59.
Yim CH, Kim GH, Eun BL. Usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for infants and children for the evaluation of developmental delay in Korean infants and children: a single center study. Korean J Pediatr. 2017 Oct;60(10):312-319. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2017.60.10.312. Epub 2017 Oct 20. PubMed PMID: 29158765.
You J, Shamsi BH, Hao MC, Cao CH, Yang WY. A study on the neurodevelopment outcomes of late preterm infants. BMC Neurol. 2019 May 30;19(1):108. doi: 10.1186/s12883-019-1336-0. PMID: 31146703 Free PMC Article
Yuen T, Penner M, Carter MT, Szatmari P, Ungar WJ. Assessing the accuracy of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2018 Jul 11. doi: 10.1111/dmcn.13964. [Epub ahead of print] Review. PubMed PMID: 29992541.
Zwaigenbaum, L., Bauman, M.L., Fein, D., Pierce, K., Buie, T., Davis, P.A., Newschaffer, C., Robins, D.L., Wetherby, A., Choueiri, R., Kasari, C., Stone, W.L., Yirmiya, N., Estes, A., Hansen, R.L., McPartland, J.C., Natowicz, M.R., Carter, A., Granpeesheh, D., Mailloux, Z., Roley, S.S., & Wagner, S. Early Screening of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Recommendations for Practice and Research. Pediatrics (136)1, 41-59 PMID: 26430169 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-3667D
Please read all of our guidelines and permissions and select “I Agree” for permission to download of the M-CHAT-R/F.
All reprints, reproductions, and related materials
Must include the copyright at the bottom of the document.
No modifications can be made to the title, items, or instructions without permission from the authors.
No enhancements can be made to the instrument, including the addition of audio and/or visual material without prior permission from the authors.
Reposting the M-CHAT-R/F is not allowed without a license agreement.
You are welcome to post a link to our website or post a link directly to the M-CHAT-R/F download from our website without special permission
License agreement required:
If you distribute software, including but not limited to electronic health records, assessment packages, telehealth software, or devices and would like to distribute any electronic format of the M-CHAT(-R/F).
If you would like to post the M-CHAT R/F to your website.
Examples of individuals and groups that require a license to use the M-CHAT-R/F on their website or in a software package they develop include ABA, Mental Health, Speech Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Early Intervention and member access only health care organizations.
For Pediatric Primary Care PhysiciansNurse Practitioners, or Other Clinicians:
If you are part of a medical practice, and you want to incorporate the M-CHAT-R/F, M-CHAT-R, or M-CHAT into your own practice’s electronic health record (EHR), you are welcome to do so, free of charge, provided that you are making this electronic M-CHAT(-R/F) just for use in your own office’s medical record. You must follow the requirements that you do not alter the instrument’s name, instructions, items, item order, or the copyright notice at the bottom.
Primary care clinicians may use the M-CHAT-R/F, M-CHAT during a telehealth session for clinical use of their patients only.
If in the future you would like to market or distribute any electronic format of the M-CHAT(-R/F), you will need to contact Diana Robins to develop a licensing agreement.
For Non-Profit Organizations:
If you are part of a not-for-profit organization and you want to use M-CHAT-R/F for teaching, or research permission is not required.
If you have any questions please send us an email: