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Morrisville, North Carolina, United States
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458 connections
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Kunal Krishna . reposted thisKunal Krishna . reposted thisJava Simplified "Master Backend Development with Ease". Are you a Java developer working toward building scalable, production-ready applications? Or exploring how to transition confidently into modern backend frameworks? I’ve put together an in-depth Java Backend Guide designed to simplify the entire journey. It covers all the essential concepts required to build real-world applications, including: Core Java and Object-Oriented Programming Building RESTful APIs with Spring Boot Authentication, Authorization, and JWT Database integration using JPA, Hibernate, and caching techniques CI/CD workflows, containerization with Docker, and cloud deployment Additional backend best practices and industry-relevant tools If you want to strengthen your backend fundamentals and develop practical, production-focused skills, this guide is a great place to begin. #Java #SpringBoot #BackendDevelopment #Microservices #SpringSecurity #Docker #APIDevelopment #LearnToCode #TechCommunity #LinkedInLearning #OpenSource
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Kunal Krishna . shared thisGeeksforGeeks the link for a secondary site which refers g4g is listed in result but not g4g... :(
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Kunal Krishna . shared thisThe quote attributed to Arnold Sommerfeld, a German theoretical physicist humorously captures the complexity of thermodynamics and how deeper understanding develops with repeated study. This applies to almost any recondite concept—sometimes even our partners!
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Kunal Krishna . posted this🪟 Sliding Window : 🙅 🐛Caterpillar Motion : 🤩
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Kunal Krishna . shared this🚀 Unlocking the Power of Recursion:🌀 Generating Power Sets Efficiently! Recursion is one of the most elegant problem-solving techniques in programming, but it often comes with challenges like exponential complexity and redundant computations. In my latest blog, I take a deep dive into Power Set generation using recursion, exploring its fundamental approach, inefficiencies, and how we can optimize it for better performance. 💡 Key takeaways : ✅ Understanding the recursive approach to power sets ✅ Identifying inefficiencies and overlapping subproblems ✅ Optimizing for efficiency without compromising clarity ✅ Code Template Check out the full blog here: https://lnkd.in/dFHHyUa9 #Recursion #Algorithms #ComputerScience #DataStructures #Coding #LeetCode
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Kunal Krishna . posted thisI want to highlight two exceptional YouTube channels that have greatly enhanced my understanding of the Java-Spring Boot ecosystem: JavaGuides & Java Techie. JavaGuides (Ramesh Fadatare) boasts 162K subscribers and offers comprehensive tutorials on Java, Spring Boot, and full-stack development. Ramesh's expertise and clear teaching style make complex topics accessible for learners at all levels. Java Techie has 186K subscribers and focuses on the latest technology trends, including Spring, Hibernate, and microservices. The channel provides practical insights that are invaluable for anyone looking to deepen their knowledge in these areas. Both channels are excellent resources for anyone aspiring to excel in the Java-Spring Boot ecosystem. I highly recommend checking them out!
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Kunal Krishna . shared thisThe current job recommendation system on LinkedIn needs a major overhaul. Suggesting full-time positions to individuals specifically seeking internships does not provide relevant or useful options. Does it?
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Kunal Krishna . liked thisKunal Krishna . liked thisYou know what's really cool? After retiring from UNC Chapel Hill and moving to University of Virginia, getting to go to two of my former TA's PhD defenses.
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Kunal Krishna . liked thisKunal Krishna . liked thisI’m 𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗽𝗽𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗱𝗼𝘄𝗻. Not from the company — from roles I held on to for too long. Because the truth is: I was becoming the 𝗯𝗼𝘁𝘁𝗹𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗰𝗸. Today, I’m incredibly proud to announce: 𝗔𝗿𝗶𝗳 𝗔𝗹𝗮𝗺 → Chief Customer Officer / CPO 𝗔𝗯𝗵𝗶𝘀𝗵𝗲𝗸 → Chief Architect / CTO Both of them earned this the only way that matters — by doing the job long before the title existed. Arif consistently pushed us 𝗰𝗹𝗼𝘀𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗼 𝗼𝘂𝗿 𝗰𝘂𝘀𝘁𝗼𝗺𝗲𝗿𝘀 — not just by listening, but by forcing clarity in moments where it was uncomfortable. Abhishek built the 𝘁𝗲𝗰𝗵𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝗹 𝗯𝗮𝗰𝗸𝗯𝗼𝗻𝗲 that allowed us to move faster without breaking things. Neither of them waited for permission. They took 𝗼𝘄𝗻𝗲𝗿𝘀𝗵𝗶𝗽. That’s what we reward. In startups, titles shouldn’t come from 𝘁𝗲𝗻𝘂𝗿𝗲. They should come from 𝗶𝗺𝗽𝗮𝗰𝘁. As for me — 𝗜’𝗺 𝗻𝗼𝘄 𝗳𝘂𝗹𝗹𝘆 𝗳𝗼𝗰𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗼𝗻 𝗴𝗿𝗼𝘄𝘁𝗵. Because the fastest way to scale a company… is to let the right people lead it. Onwards 🚀 #startups #leadership #growth #meritocracy #redyhire
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Kunal Krishna . liked thisKunal Krishna . liked thisThis weekend at SOLHacks at UNC Chapel Hill, my team and I built an AI-powered civic platform focused on improving access to legal and legislative information — and we were awarded 2nd place in the Cultural Track 🏆. Beyond the project itself, one of the best parts of the experience was reconnecting with teammates and running into people I’ve collaborated with at previous hackathons. There’s a different level of efficiency and creativity when you’re building with people you already trust and have worked with before. I love UNC chapel hills campus the amount of hardware and robots their computer science students work on is incredible, I got to see and try out their Boston Dynamics “Spot” Dog which was amazing, especially its range of motion and computer vision built into the software. Our project tackled a real-world gap: Many individuals — especially immigrants and underserved communities — are impacted by laws they don’t fully understand or aren’t even aware of. We designed a locality-aware legal platform that: • Aggregates federal, state, and local laws relevant to a user based on their location • Tracks proposed and active legislation in real time • Uses AI to simplify complex legal language into plain, understandable explanations • Provides personalized “how this affects you” insights • Enables community engagement through feedback and voting on proposed legislation Technically, we combined structured legislative data sources with a retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) system to ensure responses are accurate, grounded, and accessible. This project reinforced how powerful AI can be when applied to civic tech — not just to build smarter systems, but to make critical information more accessible to the people who need it most. Looking forward to continuing to build in this space. #AI #CivicTech #LegalTech #Hackathon #UNC #SOLHacks #Innovation #PublicPolicy #MachineLearning #TechForGood GitHub repo in my project section 😁 https://lnkd.in/eC23js8d https://lnkd.in/e2UdDxTB
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Kunal Krishna . liked thisKunal Krishna . liked thisI recently had the opportunity to participate in the SolHack Hackathon at UNC Chapel Hill, and it was an amazing experience. Within just 24 hours, I worked on building a project focused on helping communities better understand how laws impact their everyday lives. It was challenging, fast-paced, and incredibly rewarding to turn an idea into something meaningful in such a short time. Beyond the build itself, what stood out the most was the people. I had the chance to connect, listen, and learn from others—especially hearing real stories and conversations around the job market and personal experiences. Those moments reminded me why I enjoy building technology that actually helps people. I’m continuing to sharpen my skills, stay curious, and keep learning every day. Grateful for the experience and excited for what’s next 🚀 #Hackathon #SolHack #UNCChapelHill #AI #CommunityImpact #Learning #TechForGood
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Kunal Krishna . liked thisKunal Krishna . liked thisHackathons don’t always end with a win — but they always come with growth. Our team worked on SmartWafer Guardian, an autonomous AI system for wafer defect detection and risk-based action in semiconductor manufacturing. From building the data pipeline to designing the agent workflow, this experience pushed us to think deeper about real-world problems and how to solve them with technology. Even though we didn’t win, I’m proud of what we built, what we learned, and how we collaborated as a team. This project strengthened my skills in full-stack development, AI workflows, and problem-solving under pressure. Grateful for the experience and excited to keep building 🚀 Feel free to try: https://lnkd.in/e3y_5wC5 #NCCU #AIagent #IBM
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Kunal Krishna . liked thisKunal Krishna . liked thisNobody is hiring. The market is cooked. Juniors are finished. AI took all the jobs. Some of it is true. It is bad. But "right now" is not "forever." Every tech downturn ends. Every single one. And when it ends the only people who benefit are the ones who never left. Keep building. Keep applying. Keep going. This is the hard part. You don't quit during the hard part. #SoftwareEngineer #TechJobs #JobMarket #KeepPushing #CS #CodingLife #TechCareers
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Kunal Krishna . liked thisKunal Krishna . liked this🚀 My last post on Microsoft interview experience went viral and crossed 50K+ views on instagram. That told me something important 👇 -> People are not looking for more theory. -> They want real, practical insights. So I’m doubling down on this. I’ve started sharing short reels where I break down: • Real interview experiences • Coding patterns that actually get asked • System design insights • How to get interview calls • How to crack them No fluff. No overcomplication. Just what works. If you’re preparing for interviews, this will help. 👉 Comment “INTERVIEW” and I’ll share more structured prep content. 📌 Follow me here: Instagram: https://lnkd.in/g8rKaPgP Twitter/X: https://lnkd.in/gmY4avEw 🎯 For 1:1 mentoring (FREE sessions): https://lnkd.in/gP72VKGT Viral Reel : https://lnkd.in/gqN8UVfrSaurabh Agarwal on Instagram: "Microsoft interview experience 🚀 It’s NOT just DSA. It’s about: • How you think • How you communicate • How you break problems Sharing my real experience 👇 👉 Comment “Microsoft” and I’ll help you prepare. Follow for real insights: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/saurabh.agarwal.ai/ Twitter: https://x.com/saurabh_786_ai LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/saSaurabh Agarwal on Instagram: "Microsoft interview experience 🚀 It’s NOT just DSA. It’s about: • How you think • How you communicate • How you break problems Sharing my real experience 👇 👉 Comment “Microsoft” and I’ll help you prepare. Follow for real insights: Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/saurabh.agarwal.ai/ Twitter: https://x.com/saurabh_786_ai LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sa
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Licenses & Certifications
Projects
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Citation based Plagiarism Detection
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With the aim of controlling plagiarism activity in academic environment, the software tries to find plagiarism by exploiting mentioned citations. After keyword generation, final score is generated and the citations are classified as under-used, over-used and normal-used.
Technologies used – Parscit, libextractor, JAVA, search APIs.Other creators -
Technology Unveiling : Searching Patents from Product Specification (Case Study : Mobile Phones)
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Aims to find related patents of a queried device by finding all the components of the device and then searching related patents for all of its components. As a test case, we parse the technical specifications of a given mobile device. The results obtained cover all the software and hardware technologies involved in making of a new device which helps to track the latest technological advancements implemented in a product of one’s interest. For this purpose, the patent search results can be…
Aims to find related patents of a queried device by finding all the components of the device and then searching related patents for all of its components. As a test case, we parse the technical specifications of a given mobile device. The results obtained cover all the software and hardware technologies involved in making of a new device which helps to track the latest technological advancements implemented in a product of one’s interest. For this purpose, the patent search results can be re-ordered according to latest technologies, patents filed, patents issued.
Technologies Used – Information retrieval techniques, JAVA - Jsoup,GsoupOther creators -
Increasing Patients’ Safety using Semantic Web (Case Study: Drug Recommendation System asdf
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In this project we explored a relatively new technology – Semantic Web. An approach that helps to increase patient safety by exposing patients to relevant information that is gathered from database obtained from various web sources, educating patients toward better preventive medicine decision making. During the project we also learnt RDF and SPARQL- Query language for RDF.
Technologies Used – SemanticWeb, RDF, SPARQL, JAVA, Explain-a-LOD, RiTa WordNet.Other creators
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English
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Hindi
Native or bilingual proficiency
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Sanskrit
Elementary proficiency
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Nagarro Software Pvt. Ltd.
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Dr.Tejashri Patil, MPH, BDS
Toloka Annotators • 20K followers
Early Cancer Detection Is Becoming a Data Science Problem Every year on World Cancer Day, we talk about awareness. Screenings. Lifestyle changes. Early diagnosis. All important. But incomplete. Because the biggest cancer problem today isn’t what to do — it’s when we do it. Cancer outcomes across the world don’t differ because biology is different. They differ because systems detect disease at different moments in time. And in cancer, time is everything. The Global Gap Isn’t Treatment. It’s Timing. Globally, cancer causes nearly 10 million deaths each year. Yet survival rates vary sharply: • In high-income countries, early-stage breast cancer survival exceeds 90% • In many low- and middle-income countries, over half of cancers are detected late Same disease. Different moment of discovery. The uncomfortable truth: late diagnosis is not a medical failure — it’s a systems failure. Hospitals Don’t Miss Cancer. Systems Do. Late detection rarely comes from one missed test. It comes from: • Fragmented primary care • Overloaded radiology workflows • Short consultations • Inconsistent follow-ups • Human limits in pattern recognition We are using human-scale processes to solve population-scale problems. That’s where data — and now AI — changes the equation. Cancer Screening Is Quietly Becoming a Data Science Problem AI isn’t replacing clinicians. It’s helping them see what systems routinely miss. Today, AI is already being used in: • Radiology to flag early cancers • Pathology to detect aggressive patterns • Blood-based tests to identify cancer signals before imaging does Not because machines are smarter — but because they are consistent, tireless, and scalable. A Case That Changes the Conversation In large breast cancer screening programs, AI systems were introduced as a second reader alongside radiologists. Results showed: • Higher detection rates • Fewer false positives • Reduced clinician workload The insight wasn’t “AI beats doctors.” It was this: early detection depends more on consistency than brilliance. Why This Matters Even More for the Global South Regions facing the fastest rise in cancer cases often have the fewest specialists. AI doesn’t replace infrastructure — but it extends scarce expertise, prioritizes high-risk cases, and reduces diagnostic delays. This isn’t luxury technology. It’s a force multiplier. The Question Worth Asking Today If we have the data to flag risk earlier, the tools to detect patterns sooner, and the technology to scale expertise — then late cancer diagnosis is no longer just unfortunate. It’s a design choice. And design choices can be changed.
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Rakshith Yadhav
Interview Sensei • 10K followers
An SWE interviewing for SDE-2 got rejected from Microsoft Another SWE interviewing for the same role got offers from Google , Microsoft and Meta . Same Interviews, Different understanding of fundamental system design layers. 𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟳-𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺 𝗗𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗸 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝟭: 𝗡𝗲𝘁𝘄𝗼𝗿𝗸 & 𝗜𝗻𝗳𝗿𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗿𝘂𝗰𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 : The foundation everything sits on. • DNS routing requests. • CDNs for global distribution. • Load balancers directing traffic. • AWS, GCP, Azure, your cloud provider choices. Get this wrong? Your system fails before code runs. 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝟮: 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗦𝘁𝗼𝗿𝗮𝗴𝗲 & 𝗠𝗮𝗻𝗮𝗴𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁 : Where your data lives matters. • Redis for caching. • NoSQL for flexibility. • Blob storage for files. • Data lakes for analytics. • SQL databases for transactions. Each choice has trade-offs. Choose wisely. 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝟯: 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗽𝘂𝘁𝗲 & 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴: The processing backbone. • Microservices for modularity. • Auto-scaling for demand spikes. • Containers with Docker and Kubernetes. • Serverless functions for event-driven work. This layer determines your AWS bill. 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝟰: 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 : Services need to talk. • gRPC for performance. • REST APIs for simplicity. • Message queues for async work. • Service meshes for complex orchestration. Poor choices here create distributed monoliths. 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝟱: 𝗔𝗽𝗽𝗹𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝗟𝗼𝗴𝗶𝗰 : Your actual business logic. • Microservices for scale. • API gateways for management. • Domain-driven design for clarity. • Middleware for cross-cutting concerns. Where most engineers spend time. Where few understand impact. 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝟲: 𝗢𝗯𝘀𝗲𝗿𝘃𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 & 𝗥𝗲𝗹𝗶𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 : You can't fix what you can't see. • Logging with ELK stack. • Tracing for request flows. • Chaos testing for resilience. • Monitoring with Prometheus. Production issues? This layer saves you. 𝗟𝗮𝘆𝗲𝗿 𝟳: 𝗔𝗜-𝗣𝗼𝘄𝗲𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗺𝗶𝘇𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 : The future is here. • Anomaly detection. • Routing optimization. • Intelligent autoscaling. • Predictive load balancing. • AIOps for self-healing systems. Companies using this layer outperform competitors 3x. 𝗠𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘀𝘁𝗮𝗰𝗸, 𝗺𝗮𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗿 𝘀𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺 𝗱𝗲𝘀𝗶𝗴𝗻. Follow Rakshith Yadhav for • real-world engineering insights. • practical system design frameworks • lessons from building scalable AI systems.
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Navneet Anand
30K followers
Here’s yet another paper I really enjoyed on Amazon MemoryDB. Once again from Arpit Bhayani's papershelf. [https://lnkd.in/gsPcsTGS] If you’ve ever stretched Redis beyond a cache, this is a fun read and the architecture is fairly easy to DIY. The core idea: keep Redis’s in-memory speed and offload durability + leader election to a separate, low-latency, multi-AZ transaction log. What stood out to me: 1. Durability without giving up speed - 11 “nines” durability; writes are acked only after the log is durably committed across multiple AZs. - Microsecond reads and single-digit ms writes, with strong consistency (linearizability!!). 2. Keep the Redis API, change the plumbing • They intercept Redis’s replication stream and point it at the transaction log; replicas read from the log. • Propagation to the log is made synchronous to get strong consistency. They chose write-behind logging to align with how Redis emits replication info. 3. Leader election via the log • Primaries renew a lease by appending heartbeats and replicas only campaign after observing the full log. (A single primary at any time, even through messy failures.) 4. Snapshots done off box • Periodic snapshots land in S3. Recovery = load snapshot + replay log. • Off box shadow clusters create/verify snapshots so production nodes stay snappy. Parallel recovery avoids piling work on healthy peers. 5. Smooth resharding • Atomic, slot-level ownership transfer; write unavailability is kept to a few RTTs + log latency. Why this matters? A ton of teams treat Redis as the primary store and maintain complex “hydrate the cache from a durable DB” pipelines. MemoryDB’s design simplifies that world: durability + 4-nines availability with the familiar Redis model, so you can ditch bespoke reconciliation jobs which was the main aim. (With the aws tax ofcourse) My takeaways for builders and what I am planning to try: 1. Split memory from durability (on purpose) - Keep your Redis/DRAM nodes sized for latency and your durability/consensus layer sized for safety. Scale them independently. 2. Let the log do the hard work - Acknowledge writes only after they’re durably in a multi-AZ log; have replicas apply from that log. If you are heavily using redis, you can POC and try to add a write-ahead log in front of your primary and move snapshot creation/verification off the serving nodes to see how this architecture works out for you. If you build low-latency systems that always need the blazing fast speed redis gives (feeds, game state, realtime bidding, microservices with shared state), this architecture is a great mental model. But I would still stand by when I said caching is usually a bandage over a deeper problem that needs attention.
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Pratul Yadav
Confluent • 58K followers
𝐈𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐯𝐢𝐞𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐬 𝐚 𝐬𝐤𝐢𝐥𝐥 !!! 🙂 For all the folks interviewing and looking out for opportunities must know - Q4 is the slowest quarter in terms of hiring (due to budgeting, OP planning, deciding on headcounts, opening reqs thereafter once CFO approves, absence of interviewing staff due to holidays - Halloween, Thanksgiving, New Year). Hiring will take pace again starting mid of Feb 2026 (just like every year) and will go on till Oct 2026. So, if you're not getting calls, it's not always you. Also, the market is pretty rough and the hiring bar has gone up significantly. So, spend your time wisely - prep'ing well for Coding, PS, DS, Algo, System Design (HLD + LLD) and LP evaluation. However, understanding how interviewers think about you can be a game changer for many which I often tell folks while taking their mock interviews. ✅ Follow a structured format for System Design Interviews (possibly) to have a solid time management : Functional Req -> Non-Function Req -> Database Design -> API Design -> High-Level Design Diagram -> Scaling the system to millions/billions of users. ✅ Time management is crucial, so talking about salient features like SQL vs no-SQL, Replication, Sharding, CAP, Consistent Hashing, etc. in depth often get missed out initially due to extra time spent on defining/coming up with FR and NFR; so you need to time-box your interviews. ✅ Add more corner cases, talk about error handling mechanisms and retry strategies, monitoring and analysis, etc. in the last 10-15 min to cover more ground. ✅ Don't throw jargons - if you utter Kafka, you should know about Kafka extremely well (Schema Registry, Avro, Zero Copy Principle, Sequential I/O, etc). If you utter DynamoDB, then you should be damn confident about DynamoDB (Merkle Trees, LSM, Hinted Handoff, Quorum, Lamport/Vector Clocks, etc) ✅ While covering LP based questions - show clarity of thought and expression covering WHY ? WHAT ? HOW ? of the project. The scope, complexity, impact and body of work should come out clearly in the examples (technical breadth and depth clubbed with strong business/project impact metrics). ✅ Get your energies straight. People seem so disinterested and low on energy as if they're doing a charity by giving interviews. If your hand is going over your head, around your hair 20 times in a 40 min interview, trust me it's bad. Be professional, talk with confidence, answer attentively, showcase what you've got, how well you're prepared. Note : I'm not saying these traits will earn you negative points in an interview but trust me they'll also not let you earn any brownie points either. ✅ Captivating your interviewers is a skill. You might not be able to crack the problem or solve it in the most optimized way, but whatever you showcased in those 40 min should mean something, should be in your favour when the interviewer is writing a feedback for you. PS : A happy pic from my recent NYC trip - taken at Central Park 🌿
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12 Comments -
Rashmi Sinha
Oracle • 18K followers
Before your next SDE interview, make sure you’ve nailed these System Design concepts. (With resources) System Design interviews can be tricky. So, learn these before your next interview: 𝟭. 𝗙𝘂𝗻𝗱𝗮𝗺𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗮𝗹𝘀 (𝗖𝗼𝗿𝗲 𝗖𝗼𝗻𝗰𝗲𝗽𝘁𝘀) • How the web works (DNS, TCP/IP, TLS, HTTP/HTTPS) • Client-Server architecture • REST vs gRPC • Synchronous vs Asynchronous communication • Stateless vs Stateful services 𝟮. 𝗕𝘂𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗕𝗹𝗼𝗰𝗸𝘀 • Load Balancers (types, algorithms) • Proxies (forward, reverse, CDN) • API Gateway (rate limiting, auth, request routing) • Web Servers (Nginx, Apache) 𝟯. 𝗗𝗮𝘁𝗮𝗯𝗮𝘀𝗲𝘀 • SQL vs NoSQL (When to use what) • Indexes & Query Optimization • Normalization/Denormalization • Replication, Sharding, Partitioning • CAP Theorem & PACELC • Transactions, Isolation Levels • Data modeling for large-scale systems 𝟰. 𝗖𝗮𝗰𝗵𝗶𝗻𝗴 • Why caching matters (reduce latency/load) • Tools: Redis, Memcached • Cache strategies: LRU, LFU, TTL, write-through, write-behind • Cache invalidation strategies 𝟱. 𝗠𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗮𝗴𝗶𝗻𝗴 & 𝗤𝘂𝗲𝘂𝗲𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺𝘀 • Message Queues: Kafka, RabbitMQ, SQS • Event-driven architecture • Pub/Sub model 𝟲. 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺 𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 • Service Discovery • API Rate Limiting • Circuit Breaker / Retry Logic • Idempotency 𝟳. 𝗦𝗰𝗮𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗮𝗻𝗱 𝗣𝗲𝗿𝗳𝗼𝗿𝗺𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 • Horizontal vs Vertical scaling • CDNs and Edge caching • Database bottlenecks and read replicas • Data consistency vs availability 𝟴. 𝗦𝗲𝗰𝘂𝗿𝗶𝘁𝘆 𝗕𝗮𝘀𝗶𝗰𝘀 • Authentication & Authorization (OAuth2, JWT, API Keys) • HTTPS, TLS • Data encryption in transit & at rest • DDOS protection, throttling, rate limiting 𝟵. 𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵 𝗔𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗶𝗹𝗶𝘁𝘆 & 𝗙𝗮𝘂𝗹𝘁 𝗧𝗼𝗹𝗲𝗿𝗮𝗻𝗰𝗲 • Replication • Failover mechanisms • Leader election (e.g., Raft) • Health checks, monitoring, and alerts 𝟭𝟬. 𝗣𝗿𝗮𝗰𝘁𝗶𝗰𝗲 𝗦𝘆𝘀𝘁𝗲𝗺𝘀 You should know how to design: • URL Shortener (TinyURL) • Rate Limiter • File Storage (Google Drive) • Notification System • Messaging System (WhatsApp/Slack) • Social media (Facebook/Twitter) • Ride Booking System (Uber) 𝗥𝗲𝘀𝗼𝘂𝗿𝗰𝗲𝘀 𝘂𝘀𝗲𝗱 𝗱𝘂𝗿𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗽𝗿𝗲𝗽 👇🏻 1. Concept and coding YT channel 2. Hello interview YT channel and website. 3. Awesome HLD git repo 4. Gaurav sen's YT channel 5. Alex Xu’s System design interview book. Let me know if this is helpful to you in comments 🙌🏻 Please like and share for helping others preparing, and follow Rashmi Sinha more Connect with me for any kind of interview help 𝐌𝐨𝐫𝐞 𝐉𝐨𝐛 𝐔𝐩𝐝𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐬 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐑𝐞𝐟𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐛𝐞 𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐖𝐡𝐚𝐭𝐬𝐚𝐩𝐩 𝐆𝐫𝐨𝐮𝐩 : https://lnkd.in/gg_T-A2E #sde #jobs #faang #systemdesign
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Carlos Arguelles
50K followers
You must 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐦𝐮𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐭𝐞 𝐢𝐝𝐞𝐚𝐬 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐲 to reach Senior SDE / SWE, and especially to go beyond. It’s not enough to write great code. That’s how you influence decisions and force-multiply your impact. College doesn’t really train you for this, and you can succeed as an SDE-I or SDE-II with significant communication gaps. But at the Senior or Principal level, those gaps become a ceiling. Strong engineers deliberately work on communication. Not because there’s one “right” style, but because influence shows up in many forms. 1️⃣ 𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐚𝐤 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐲. Being able to clearly express your ideas, both in team forums and when presenting to leadership, is a skill you must deliberately develop. For example, if you’re asked a strongly typed question (“Do we need X?” or “How many months will this take?”) then your answer needs to be strongly typed as well: a clear yes/no or a concrete number, followed by context if needed. Polish does matter. Consistently failing to answer leadership questions in a succinct, clear, and precise way can quietly become a serious career-growth blocker. 2️⃣ 𝐖𝐫𝐢𝐭𝐞 𝐞𝐟𝐟𝐞𝐜𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞𝐥𝐲. This one is more important at Amazon than at other tech companies, but I would argue it’s always important in any company. Writing a doc is magical: it clarifies thinking, it removes ambiguity, and it creates a shareable artifact for posterity. A great vision doc can be shared with dozens, hundreds, thousands of people, and influence actions years down the road. I was not great at either of these things the first ten years of my career. Neither came naturally. I had to work at it. Mostly by trial-and-error, and by listening to the way people I admired spoke, or reading what they wrote and emulating what resonated with me. And simply by putting myself out there. Practice, practice, practice. It's not a binary thing either: I suspect I will continue working on improving the way I speak and write until the last day of my career. It's a journey not a destination.
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Javali Bathula
Oracle • 10K followers
𝗛𝘁𝘁𝗽 𝗦𝘁𝗮𝘁𝘂𝘀 𝗖𝗼𝗱𝗲 These HTTP status codes may look simple, but they can save you a lot of time when fixing problems. Here’s an easy guide to what they mean: 1. 1xx - Informational : The server has received your request and is working on it. 2. 2xx - Success : The request worked perfectly. 3. 3xx - Redirects : you are being sent to a different page. 4. 4xx - Client errors : something is wrong with the request from your side. 5. 5xx - Server errors : the problem is on the server side. Understanding these codes is useful for everyone who works with websites or APIs, not just backend developers. Keep this cheat sheet handy for your next project. 📌 Which status code do you see most often: 404, 401, or 500? ♻️ Repost if you found this helpful . #StatusCodes #API #Debugging #Testing #Performance #InterviewQuestions #Automation #SDET #SoftwareEngineering
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Pawan Jindal
Amazon • 9K followers
💬 Sharing My Past Interview Experiences — During My Switch to Microsoft (Part 4: Paytm Payments Bank) Before my rounds with Walmart, Microsoft, Zeta, and Groww, I also interviewed with Paytm Payments Bank for a Senior Java Developer role. The interview process leaned toward problem-solving, object-oriented design, and real-world Java application design, with a mix of data structure and system-oriented thinking. 🧩 Round 1 – Coding & Logic This round focused on string manipulation and array-based problem solving — testing both analytical thinking and clean code structure. * The first question checked efficiency in comparing two strings for permutations (without sorting), ensuring minimal time and space complexity. * The second involved merging two sorted arrays where one had extra trailing zeroes, optimizing in-place operations — testing both pointer manipulation and edge-case handling. The interviewer emphasized writing production-level Java code, explaining trade-offs between time/space and reusability. ⚙️ Round 2 – Object-Oriented & Logic A mix of logic building and OOP design with HashMap and equals/hashCode overrides. * One problem involved right-shifting digits inside a mixed string while keeping character order intact — evaluating understanding of string traversal and immutability. * Another explored custom equality for an Employee data, focusing on development process to ensure data uniqueness — assessing deep Java object handling and memory-level understanding. 🎮 Round 3 – System Design (Game: Snake and Ladder) The final round revolved around designing a Snake and Ladder game from scratch. * Expected to model entities like Board, Dice, Player, and Cell, with proper relationships and clean abstractions. * Discussion included class responsibilities, extensibility (e.g., multiple dice or variable-sized boards), and data structures to maintain player states. * Interviewer focused on clarity of design, scalability, and code reusability — reflecting how well you think beyond just coding. 🎯 Final Outcome This one didn’t convert into an offer (might be due to similar time RBI had restricted Paytm Payments Bank from accepting deposits)—but it was a great learning experience that strengthened both my DSA and system design depth. 💡 Key Takeaway: Paytm’s interview process was a balanced mix of core Java, logical reasoning, and OOP design, with a strong focus on writing readable, maintainable, and scalable code — a great prep before system design interviews like those at Microsoft. 👉 If you’d like to discuss these rounds or prepare for similar interviews, feel free to connect with me on ProPeers: https://lnkd.in/gf-gQV94 or TopMate: https://lnkd.in/gBBJM_-y #interviewexperience #java #lowleveldesign #systemdesign #careergrowth #mentorship
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Jibran Khan
TalentDryft • 30K followers
The SDE2 → SDE3 Reality Check 💫 Over the last few hiring cycles, an interesting trend has been hard to ignore. A large pool of engineers in the market today are positioned — and paid — at an SDE2 level, but aspire to transition into SDE3 roles. The ambition is great to see, but there’s a clear skill depth and expectations gap that often surfaces during interviews. Many SDE2 candidates are drawing compensation that aligns closer to senior-level roles, but when it comes to system design depth, architectural thinking, scalability decisions, debugging complexity and ownership — the jump to SDE3 isn’t always an easy one. This creates a two-fold challenge for companies: 🔍 Finding strong backend engineers who truly meet SDE3 bar 💰 Balancing expectations vs. current market pay benchmarks The demand for senior-level engineers is massive, but the supply of truly production-scale, architecture-driven backend talent remains limited — making this one of the toughest hiring brackets today. Not a blocker, but a gap worth acknowledging. A space where upskilling, exposure to large-scale systems, and real ownership can make a huge difference. Curious to know — what’s your take on the SDE2 → SDE3 skill gap in the market today? Would love to hear different perspectives. 💭 #techdeapth #hiring #team #skillgap #compensationbenchmark #salarybar #fitment #hiringbar #scaleup #design
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Sneha M.
Swiggy • 31K followers
Buying a home in India’s top cities is turning into a lifelong goal even for the top 5% earners. According to NHB data, even the richest 5% of urban families in cities like Mumbai, Gurugram, and Bhubaneswar would need to save for 30 to 60+ years just to afford a 1,184 sq. ft. home. Let that sink in. ▶️ In Mumbai, it would take 109 years. ▶️ In Gurugram, 64 years. ▶️ In Bhubaneswar, over 50 years. Even in Delhi, it would take 41 years. Only two cities Jaipur and Chandigarh require less than 30 years of savings to buy a house. That too, for the wealthiest 5%. Now imagine the situation for the middle class or lower-income groups. Housing affordability is becoming a distant dream, even for those who earn well by today’s standards. By : The Times Of India
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Suresh G.
Oracle • 27K followers
During my interviews at Amazon, I used → arrays, hash maps, and sliding window to squeeze logic into O(n) During my interviews at Microsoft, I used → trees, graphs, and BFS or DFS to reason about connections and reachability During my interviews at Oracle, I used → dynamic programming, binary search, and heaps to trade time, space, and simplicity Different companies. Different rounds. Different questions. But the deeper I think about it, the less it feels like “random LeetCode luck” and the more it looks like this 1. Arrays and hash maps Teach you how to count, group, and track state efficiently 2. Two pointers and sliding window Teach you how to work inside constraints and stop scanning the same thing again and again 3. Trees and graphs Teach you how to model real systems, not just pass a test case 4. Binary search and heaps Teach you how to respect time complexity and still keep the code readable 5. Dynamic programming Teaches you how to turn messy recursion into a clean table of decisions Across Amazon, Microsoft, and Oracle, nobody asked me “Have you solved this exact problem before?” What they were really checking was - Can you start with a brute force and improve it step by step - Can you choose the right data structure for the story you are telling - Can you think out loud, not just type fast - Can you stay calm when your first approach fails If you are preparing for DSA interviews, here is how I would think about it now Do not chase 500 problems. Chase 10 to 12 patterns and go deep into them. For each pattern, ask yourself → When does this pattern apply → How do I recognise it in a new question → What are the common pitfalls in implementation The syntax of languages will change. The “top 100” lists will change. Even the companies in your target list may change. The one thing that will keep paying you back is this Learning how to think in patterns and fundamental concepts instead of remembering solutions.
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Himanshu Johri
SimCorp • 19K followers
Imagine never chasing a college for transcripts again. No files. No stamps. No waiting. That’s the future India is building right now. 𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐌𝐚𝐝𝐡𝐲𝐚 𝐏𝐫𝐚𝐝𝐞𝐬𝐡 𝐆𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐧𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭, along with Geeks of Gurukul and EDU Chain, is moving 50 million student records to a 𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐢𝐭𝐚𝐥-𝐟𝐢𝐫𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐲𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐦 over the next 18 months. See how it’s happening: https://lnkd.in/gDfvEXTT What changes for students? • One lifelong digital academic ID • Instant, paperless verification anytime, anywhere • Faster admissions and hiring checks And this is just the beginning. With student wallets, on-chain education finance, and platforms like Pencil Finance inside the Open Campus ecosystem, education data stops sitting idle and starts creating real value for students. This isn’t a concept. It’s implementation at scale. A strong signal of where Digital India is headed and why momentum around $EDU is growing. #DigitalEducation #StudentFirst #BlockchainInEducation #EDUChain #DigitalIndia
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Kush Mittal
Wipro • 3K followers
🚀 Hi everyone 👋 Continuing with my Java + Spring Boot interview prep notes and sharing here to help others who are also preparing. 📩 Also, if you know of any Java openings (2+ yrs experience), feel free to DM me or email at mittalkush1999@gmail.com. Q: What is Spring Boot and how is it different from Spring Framework? A: Spring provides features like dependency injection & transaction management but requires a lot of XML/boilerplate setup. (basically it simplifies app setup) Spring Boot simplifies this with: 1. Auto-configuration 2. Embedded servers (Tomcat/Jetty) 3. Opinionated defaults (less setup) 👉 Spring = toolkit, Spring Boot = ready-to-use setup. Q: What are the advantages of Spring Boot? A: 1. No XML configs, faster development. 2. Embedded servers → easy deployment. 3. Starter dependencies → minimal setup. 4. Actuator for production monitoring. 5. Built-in support for REST APIs. Q: What is Spring Boot Starter? A: Predefined dependency bundles for common needs. Examples: 1. spring-boot-starter-web → REST APIs 2. spring-boot-starter-data-jpa → DB apps with JPA 👉 Saves time, no manual dependency hunting. Q: What is Auto-Configuration in Spring Boot? A: Spring Boot inspects your project setup (classpath, beans, properties) and auto-configures what’s needed. 👉 Example: if spring-webmvc is present, it configures DispatcherServlet automatically. Q: What are Annotations in Spring? Why are they used? A: Annotations reduce boilerplate configuration and tell Spring how to manage beans. Common ones: @Component → generic Spring bean (used when it doesn’t fit service/repo/web specifically). @Service → marks a business logic/service layer bean. @Repository → marks a DAO/persistence layer bean, also provides automatic exception translation. @Controller → marks a web controller that returns a view (HTML/JSP). @RestController → shorthand for @Controller + @ResponseBody, used in REST APIs (returns JSON/XML). @Autowired → enables dependency injection automatically. @Configuration → marks a class as a source of bean definitions. @Bean → defines a bean manually inside a @Configuration class. Q: What is Dependency Injection (DI)? A: DI is a design pattern where Spring creates and injects objects (beans) instead of us creating them manually with new. 👉 Makes code loosely coupled, easier to test & maintain. Q: What is Autowiring in Spring? A: Autowiring is how Spring automatically injects beans into dependent classes. For Eg: @Service public class OrderService { @Autowired private PaymentService paymentService; // injected automatically } 🙌 I’ll cover annotations in more detail, REST APIs, Actuator, exception handling, and Profiles in upcoming parts. 👉 Which Spring annotation do you think is most commonly asked in interviews?
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