List of WordPress PHP code

Hello, I am relatively new to WordPress and want to design my own themes. I know HTML and CSS but I am quit “nooby” when it comes to PHP. I noticed while designing a theme for WordPress that it is as simple as creating a static page (using HTML and CSS) then using lines of PHP to replace the content of your page.

For example if I created a website in static HTML and CSS and replaced the text of the body of the page with the line:

<?php if (have_posts()) : while (have_posts()) : the_post(); ?>
<div <?php post_class() ?> id="post-<?php the_ID(); ?>">
	<h3 class="storytitle"><a href="<?php the_permalink() ?>" rel="bookmark"><?php the_title(); ?></a></h3>
	<div class="storycontent">
		<?php the_content(__('(more...)')); ?>
	</div>
	<div class="feedback">
		<?php wp_link_pages(); ?>
		<?php comments_popup_link(__('Comments (0)'), __('Comments (1)'), __('Comments (%)')); ?>
	</div>
</div>
<?php comments_template(); // Get wp-comments.php template ?>
<?php endwhile; else: ?>
<?php _e('Sorry, no posts matched your criteria.'); ?>

<?php endif; ?>

Then the content of my static web page would be filled with the blog posts that I created within the WordPress Administration panel.

My question is:

What other lines of PHP can I use, can some one give me a complete list of PHP code that is avaliable? Does WordPress have a document that contains all of these PHP lines and their use?

Here are some more examples of what I am talking about and what I THINK they are their use:

<?php wp_register(); ?>

-> Shows link to register page

<?php wp_loginout(); ?>

-> Shows link to Log In and Log Out

<?php wp_list_pages('title_li=' . __('')); ?>

-> Lists all pages (I don’t know what 'title_li=' . __('') does)

<?php get_footer(); ?>

-> Gets code from footer.php

<?php get_header(); ?>

-> Gets code from header

<?php bloginfo('html_type'); ?>

-> Gets the type of HTML file (I don’t know what types there are)

<?php bloginfo('charset'); ?>

-> Gets the character set (I don’t think this is necessary but just extra info, am I right?)

<?php wp_title('-', true, 'right'); ?> <?php bloginfo('name'); ?>

-> Gets the title of your blog (I don’t know what '-', true, 'right' means or what 'name' does)

<?php bloginfo('stylesheet_url'); ?>

-> Gets the path to your stylesheet and inserts it into the head