PL/SQL (Procedural Language for SQL) is Oracle's proprietary extension to standard SQL. It combines the data manipulation power of SQL with the procedural capabilities of a programming language. PL/SQL allows developers to write complex database-centric applications by incorporating variables, conditions, loops, error handling, and modular programming constructs like procedures and functions. This language is tightly integrated with Oracle databases, enabling efficient data processing and transaction management.
In Oracle Database 23ai, PL/SQL is not limited to single-row queries. Many times you need to process multiple rows one by one—for example, when iterating through employees, orders, or JSON data. This is where cursors become essential. A cursor acts…
Loops are one of the fundamental concepts in any programming language, allowing you to repeat a block of code multiple times until a condition is met. In Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL, loops are especially useful when processing rows, performing calculations,…
The CASE statement in Oracle PL/SQL is a powerful alternative to IF statements when you want to evaluate multiple conditions more clearly and concisely. In Oracle Database 23ai, you can use the CASE statement both in PL/SQL blocks and directly…
Conditional logic is one of the most essential elements of programming. In Oracle Database 23ai, PL/SQL supports multiple forms of IF statements that help developers execute code based on specific conditions. Whether you are writing a simple check or handling…
When you write PL/SQL programs in Oracle Database 23ai, you often need storage for values that change during program execution and values that should never change. Variables allow you to store and modify data, while constants preserve values that remain…
Working with files directly from the database can be an essential part of enterprise applications. Whether you need to generate reports, export data, or import information into Oracle tables, the UTL_FILE package in PL/SQL provides a reliable way to handle…
Error handling is a crucial part of writing reliable PL/SQL code. While Oracle provides exception handling mechanisms using BEGIN…EXCEPTION…END, developers often face difficulties in identifying the exact location of an error in complex procedures, functions, or triggers. Oracle’s DBMS_UTILITY.FORMAT_ERROR_BACKTRACE function…
Debugging is one of the most important tasks for any developer working with PL/SQL code. Oracle provides a very simple yet powerful package called DBMS_OUTPUT that allows developers to print messages, variable values, and process flow during program execution. This…
Have you ever encountered the frustrating ORA-06502 error while working with PL/SQL code, only to spend hours trying to figure out why your character string operations are failing? This common Oracle database error can bring your development work to a…
Every programming journey starts with a "Hello World" program. It is the traditional way to test the environment, confirm that code compiles, and understand the basic structure of a programming language. In Oracle Database 23ai, developers use PL/SQL for procedural…
This tutorial will teach you how to integrate DUO Two Factor Authentication using PL/SQL in the Oracle database. What is Two Factor Authentication? Two-factor authentication (2FA) is a method by which users can verify their identity by using two different…
In this Oracle tutorial, you will learn how to run a stored procedure in the background using DBMS_SCHEDULER. Running a procedure in the background means that the stored procedure will run asynchronously. You can run multiple procedures in the background,…
This Oracle tutorial shows how to create Pipelined function. Follow these steps: 1. Create a Type Object For Oracle pipelined function, we must have a type object through which we can send the rows. Create one as below: CREATE OR…
In Oracle, the BFILE column is a locator or reference for the external file. It has the directory and filename information. Here I am giving an example of PL/SQL code to get BLOB from the BFILE locator column in Oracle.…
In Oracle 12c onwards, on which the Oracle Apex is by default installed, you can use APEX_ZIP PL/SQL package to zip the files. So here I am giving a few Oracle APEX_ZIP examples: Oracle APEX_ZIP Example The following PL/SQL code…
Here I am giving an example to send JSON and a Zip file to the REST web service using Oracle UTL_HTTP post multipart Initially, I took the example code from Nick Buytaert's blog and then modified it to incorporate the…
Learn how to use the UTL_FILE package to export data from a table to the CSV file in Oracle PL In Oracle, the package UTL_FILE contains many procedures and functions for writing a text file. Below are the syntax details…
In Oracle PL/SQL, to check if BLOB or CLOB is empty or not, use the dbms_lob.getlength() function or dbms_lob.compare() function. Here are the examples: 1. Using dbms_lob.getlength() Function declare vblob blob; Cursor c_blob is select content into vblob from employee_docs…