Learn everything about Oracle Database 23ai, from new features and administration to practical tutorials and performance tips.
Calculating a factorial is a common programming exercise that demonstrates how to use loops for repeated multiplication. In PL/SQL, you can easily write a program to find the factorial of any given number. This simple guide will show you the…
The role of artificial intelligence in database technology has shifted from a peripheral feature to a core component. This transformation is redefining the responsibilities of Oracle database developers and administrators. Oracle has cemented this change by moving away from traditional…
If you work with multiple schemas or long object names, synonyms in Oracle Database can make your SQL cleaner and your apps easier to maintain. A synonym is a friendly alias for another database object, such as a table, view,…
Triggers in Oracle Database 23ai are powerful database objects that automatically execute when specific database events occur. They are closely tied to tables, views, or schema-level activities and help enforce rules, maintain audit trails, and automate business logic. In this…
Cursors in PL/SQL are used to handle query results that return more than one row. By default, Oracle manages cursors internally when you use simple SELECT INTO statements—these are called implicit cursors. However, when you need more control over query…
Oracle Database 23ai offers powerful features for modern application development, and packages are at the center of it. A package in PL/SQL is a way to group related procedures, functions, constants, cursors, and variables into a single unit. Instead of…
Functions in Oracle Database 23ai are stored PL/SQL programs that accept parameters, perform operations, and return a single value. Unlike procedures, which may or may not return values, functions are designed to return exactly one result. Functions are particularly useful…
In Oracle Database 23ai, procedures are a core part of PL/SQL programming. They allow you to group multiple SQL and PL/SQL statements into a single reusable block of code. By encapsulating logic inside procedures, developers can improve maintainability, enforce security,…
In Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL, errors can occur during code execution due to invalid data, missing rows, constraint violations, or runtime issues. Exception handling allows you to gracefully capture and manage these errors instead of letting your program crash. By…
In Oracle Database 23ai, PL/SQL is not limited to single-row queries. Many times you need to process multiple rows one by one—for example, when iterating through employees, orders, or JSON data. This is where cursors become essential. A cursor acts…
Loops are one of the fundamental concepts in any programming language, allowing you to repeat a block of code multiple times until a condition is met. In Oracle Database 23ai PL/SQL, loops are especially useful when processing rows, performing calculations,…
The CASE statement in Oracle PL/SQL is a powerful alternative to IF statements when you want to evaluate multiple conditions more clearly and concisely. In Oracle Database 23ai, you can use the CASE statement both in PL/SQL blocks and directly…
Conditional logic is one of the most essential elements of programming. In Oracle Database 23ai, PL/SQL supports multiple forms of IF statements that help developers execute code based on specific conditions. Whether you are writing a simple check or handling…
When you write PL/SQL programs in Oracle Database 23ai, you often need storage for values that change during program execution and values that should never change. Variables allow you to store and modify data, while constants preserve values that remain…
Oracle Database 23ai is the latest long-term release of Oracle’s database platform, officially launched in 2024. It is the successor to Oracle Database 19c, which was the previous long-term release. Oracle 23ai is different because it introduces AI-native features like…
The ORDER BY clause in Oracle Database 23ai lets you sort the rows returned by a query. Without it, the database can return results in any order. ORDER BY helps you control whether the rows are listed alphabetically, numerically, chronologically,…
The GROUP BY clause in Oracle Database 23ai is used when you want to organize rows into groups and then apply aggregate functions such as COUNT, SUM, AVG, MIN, or MAX. Instead of returning every single row, GROUP BY allows…
The WHERE clause tells Oracle which rows to keep and which to skip. This tutorial shows practical ways to filter data using comparisons, ranges, pattern matching, NULL logic, subqueries, JSON paths, and vector-aware filtering in Oracle Database 23ai. You will…