9 April 2026: Textbook Updates
We have posted updates of the following topics: Bone marrow neoplastic > Bone marrow – neoplastic myeloid > AML not otherwise specified > AML without maturation (FAB AML M1) by Barina Aqil, M.D. Topic summary: Historical FAB defined subtype of AML characterized by minimal granulocytic maturation and cytochemical evidence of myeloid differentiation, in the absence…
6 April 2026: Textbook Updates
We have posted updates of the following topics: Larynx, hypopharynx & trachea > Inflammatory / infectious lesions > Amyloidosis-trachea by Jamie Brown, M.D., Ruta Gupta, M.D. Topic summary: Localized deposition of amyloid within the trachea (may also involve the bronchial tree). Tracheobronchial amyloidosis is subclassified into proximal, mid or distal types, with only proximal and…
2 April 2026: Textbook Updates
We have posted updates of the following topics: Chemistry, toxicology & urinalysis > General chemistry > Metabolism > Blood gas testing by Li Chen, Ph.D., Jieli (Shirley) Li, M.D., Ph.D. Topic summary: Blood gas testing measures pH, pCO2 and pO2 to assess acid base balance, ventilation and oxygenation status. Modern instruments also analyze electrolytes, glucose,…
1 April 2026: Best Authors of 2025
Congratulations to the winners of the PathologyOutlines.com 2025 Best Author Award! This was a very competitive award and we greatly appreciate the contributions of those named below in addition to those of our other diligent authors in 2025. You can view a list of current and past winners here. 2025 Winners Honorable Mentions Thank you to…
31 March 2026: Image Quiz #183
Authors: Serena Salzano, M.D., Giuseppe Broggi, M.D., Ph.D. The histopathological image shown below represents a clear cell meningioma. Which of the following features is characteristic of this tumor subtype? Select an answer: A. Cells with clear cytoplasm due to glycogen accumulation B. Frequent psammoma bodies C. High mitotic activity and necrosis leading to CNS WHO grade 3 classification…
30 March 2026: Textbook Updates
We have posted updates of the following topics: Chemistry, toxicology & urinalysis > General chemistry > Metabolism > Vitamin B12 by Hita Moudgalya, M.B.B.S., Jieli (Shirley) Li, M.D., Ph.D. Topic summary: Vitamin B12 (cobalamin) is a water soluble vitamin necessary for DNA synthesis and myelin maintenance. Vitamin B12 functions principally as the cofactors methylcobalamin (MeCbl)…
26 March 2026: Textbook Updates
We have posted updates of the following topics: Bladder & urothelial tract > Other nonneoplastic > Diverticula by Jeffrey S. So, M.D. Topic summary: Herniation of the urothelium into the urinary bladder muscular wall (muscularis propria). Affects both children and adults; can either be congenital or acquired; M:F = 9:1. Asymptomatic in early stages; progression…
25 March 2026: Case of the Month #560
Thanks to Dr. Max Muir and Dr. Kimberley Evason, University of Utah and ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA for contributing this case and discussion and to Dr. Naziheh Assarzadegan, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA for reviewing the discussion. Clinical history: A 30 year old woman with a history of end stage renal disease received a bilateral…
24 March 2026: Image Quiz #182
Author: Marta C. Cohen, M.D. What finding is demonstrated in this lung histology image from a case of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? Select an answer: A. Acute bronchopneumonia B. Expansion of the mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) C. Hyaline membranes reflecting bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in a premature baby D. Normal features To sign up for…
23 March 2026: Textbook Updates
We have posted updates of the following topics: Anus & perianal area > Carcinoma > Neuroendocrine tumor by FNU Mahjabin, M.B.B.S., Naziheh Assarzadegan, M.D. Topic summary: Anal and perianal well differentiated epithelial tumor that exhibits morphological and immunohistochemical neuroendocrine differentiation. Rectal and anal canal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are exceedingly rare, representing < 1% of all…
20 March 2026: Weekly Roundup #186
Here’s what you need to know about PathologyOutlines.com this week: 1. USCAP 2026 This year’s USCAP conference is coming up next week, and we’re looking forward to meeting you! Stop by our booth (#656) to say hello and grab some fun giveaways. Check out pathologyoutlines.com/pathoutconferences.html for more information. If you’d like to meet with Dr. Pernick…
19 March 2026: Textbook Updates
We have posted updates of the following topics: Colon > Inflammatory bowel disease > Nonconventional dysplasia by Timothy Law, M.D., Won-Tak Choi, M.D., Ph.D. Topic summary: Group of recently described dysplastic lesions in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that are morphologically distinct from conventional dysplasia; includes 8 different morphologic patterns: basal crypt dysplasia, hypermucinous dysplasia, goblet…
18 March 2026: Scholarships for Students
Dr. Nat Pernick, founder and owner of PathologyOutlines.com, believes businesses should embrace charitable activities and public involvement as a core part of their mission. One way PathologyOutlines.com puts this commitment into action is by funding scholarships for students, from college bound high school seniors to graduate school trainees. Learn about our scholarships here. Feel free…
16 March 2026: Textbook Updates
We have posted updates of the following topics: Anus & perianal area > Other tumors > Intradermal nevus by David Matthew Saulino, D.O., Bradley Collins, M.D., Ph.D., Naziheh Assarzadegan, M.D. Topic summary: Benign proliferation of nevomelanocytes involving the skin of the anal or perianal area and without a significant junctional component. Development is thought to…
13 March 2026: How Cancer Arises, a New Textbook
Since January 2026, Dr. Pernick has been writing a new textbook, How Cancer Arises. As with his other projects, it is free, online and regularly updated. His goal is to create a comprehensive summary of all 1,200 malignancies based on the current medical literature, beginning with breast cancer and CNS tumors. He expects to complete…
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