Do You Prefer High or Low Fantasy? (Fantasy with Friends)

Fantasy with Friends is a meme hosted here at Pages Unbound that poses questions each Monday about fantasy, either as a genre as a whole or individual works. Feel free to leave a comment, even if you are not participating this week! And, if you are participating, remember to comment with your link! (See the schedule for future discussion topics here.)

This Week’s Prompt: Do you prefer low or high fantasy? Or both?

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This Week’s Participants

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To start, we should probably define what “high” and “low” fantasy are. I have seen various definitions proposed but, for me, the definition is typically rooted in the setting. High fantasies take place in a secondary (invented) world. Low fantasies take place in our world, but with magic present. Sometimes, in the past, I have, I believe, used “high fantasy” to express the idea that the scope is epic (because these concepts were often tied together in practice), but, I think these days I would try to use “epic fantasy,” instead–especially as the rise of cozy fantasy might make a clear label even more relevant.

Of course, definitions often seem so very fuzzy. And I imagine that there are books out there that might be fruitful sources of discussion over whether they ought to be categorized as “high” or “low.” For example, I would argue that J. R R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings is perhaps the quintessential example of high fantasy. Yet it is easy for me to imagine someone arguing that it ought to be categorized as low fantasy due to the elaborate framing of the story as taking place in some sort of mythical past of our own world. (I still argue it is high fantasy, but I admit often loving these sorts of nerdy conversations.) But, for the purposes of this prompt, which is asking about reader preferences, I hope my broad definition will suffice, as it is, of course, my own personal understanding of these concepts that guide my personal reading choices.

I love pretty much any fantasy, but, if I had to choose, I would pick high fantasy over low fantasy. I think part of that is due to my abiding love of The Lord of the Rings. There is something so utterly magical about being swept away into an entirely different world, populated with the fantastic. While the idea of magic intruding into the real world is also compelling, I want the feeling of being utterly transported. I want to embark upon an adventure where so much seems new, and the author has to build up a new world with its own history and rules.

This naturally brings me to the question of portal fantasies, which feature characters traveling from the real world to a secondary world. I suppose whether these stories are “low” or “high” could be determined by how much of the book takes place in a particular setting. Or maybe portal fantasies are simply their own category that contains aspects of both low and high fantasy. Either way, I love portal fantasies, too. They truly transport readers into a secondary world–along with the characters!

Truly, though, I love fantasy in general, and I will pick up both high and low fantasy as long as the plot sounds like something I would enjoy.

The Creepening of Dogwood House by Eden Royce

Information

Goodreads: The Creepening of Dogwood House
Series: None
Age Category: Middle Grade
Source: Library
Published: 2024

Summary

After his mother’s death, Roddie goes to live with his aunt, whom he barely knows, in their ancestral home known as Dogwood House. His aunt thinks they can reconnect there to their family’s hoodoo roots. But the house is the creepiest one Roddie has ever seen. And an ancient evil dwells there.

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Review

I was inspired to read The Creepening of Dogwood House by Jenna’s four-star review over at Falling Letters. I am always up for a not-so-spooky middle grade! However, though I found the book’s focus on hoodoo practices unique, and I enjoyed the characterization of Roddie’s aunt and uncle, I ultimately did not connect with the story. It moves far too slowly, only picking up the pace when about to end. I wish I loved The Creepening of Dogwood House more, but I mostly enjoyed only the final quarter of the book.

Books about grief seem really trendy in middle grade right now, and The Creepening of Dogwood House fits right in. It begins with Roddie trying to process his mother’s death, going to counseling, and generally feeling a bit disconnected. The book deals with this issue sensitively and tries to, I believe, give an idea of what healthy coping mechanisms might look like. Roddie talks to his aunt about his mom and tries to find objects that make him think of her. Readers wanting a book that directly addresses grief will find that here.

And, I admit, it was really refreshing to see some responsible adult figures in middle grade. I was convinced that his aunt would turn out to be terrible, as Roddie had never met her before, she was estranged from his mom, and she suddenly pops up with a husband Roddie hadn’t heard about and suddenly wants to take him to the family house she fled. Said family house is in a complete state of disrepair (even though the story mentions that it had been being rented out?) and is completely spooky. The story really was not setting up the aunt and uncle for success. I thought, even if they are nice people, they would at least end up possessed or turned briefly evil by something in the house. But, no. They are caring adults who try to treat Roddie well. It probably says something about middle grade fiction that this is the most surprising aspect of the book.

The story itself is really unevenly paced. It dwells a lot on Roddie’s feelings, of course, but also likes to describe the house in-depth and otherwise get bogged down in bits that do not necessarily move the plot forward. This is pretty unusual for the middle grade market right now; most books seem to be so fast-paced that the characterization and worldbuilding often suffer instead. I would be interested to know how the target audience feels about this. I, for one, admit I got really bored about halfway through. A spooky book should really be inspiring some sort of tension or creeping horror, but I got none of that here.

I liked the inclusion of hoodoo practices and the idea of Roddie reconnecting with his family’s traditions. I also enjoyed the depiction of his aunt and uncle. Ultimately, however, I found The Creepening of Dogwood House rather dull for a story about a haunted house.

3 Stars

The Enchanted Castle by E. Nesbit

The Enchanted Castle Book Cover showing a castle on a hill

Information

Goodreads: The Enchanted Castle
Series: None
Age Category: Middle Grade
Source: Library
Published: 1907

Summary

When Jerry, Jimmy, and Cathy stumble upon a sleeping girl in a castle, they immediately know she must be an enchanted princess. Actually, she’s Mabel, the housekeeper’s niece. But Mabel does know that the castle holds a magic ring. And soon the children are having all kinds of adventures.

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Review

After enjoying E. Nesbit’s The Lark and The Railway Children, I determined to revisit The Enchanted Castle. I had some vague idea that I had tried it in my childhood, but had not liked it and so never finished. I thought I must have been mistaken and should give it another attempt. Sadly, however, it appears that my tastes have not changed very much. While The Enchanted Castle has a few wonderful moments, overall it drags and is much too long of a book. I think I would have liked it fine if only it were about half the length!

The beginning of The Enchanted Castle is promising. I loved how the children discovered a sleeping princess in the castle–but quickly realized not all is at it seemed. I then became interested in the mystery of the ring and the humorous adventures the children have as a result. Once the ring’s powers seem to be expended, though, I think it was time for the story to start wrapping up. Nesbit had enough material between the ring and the French teacher’s subplot to write a decent length story. Adding the plot twist to the ring simply causes the story to drag out.

Keeping the plot moving quickly is important because the children, in my opinion, are not enough to carry the story. Gerald and Mabel have the most personality, but I would not say any of the protagonists are particularly engaging, and, for the most part, they could all be swapped out for one another. And, I found Gerald’s tendency to narrate his life in a high style to be annoying. There is a bit of this in The Railway Children, as well, and I really have to wonder why Nesbit apparently found it so amusing.

The Enchanted Castle has its good qualities. I enjoyed how the opening plays with readers’ expectations and the allure of an enchanted castle that only the children know the secrets of. The chapters with the statues and the hidden hall are quite moving. I just wish that the book had been shortened a good bit.

3 Stars

Reading Through American Girl: Kaya (1764)

American Girl celebrates its 40th anniversary this year! So it only seems right to immerse myself in the books. Follow along as I discover the magic of American Girl!

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Meet Kaya

young girl riding a black horse with a white star on its forehead

I admit I had a bit of trouble connecting with Kaya in this book. She loves her horse Steps High and boasts about how fast they can ride. To make good on her boast, she neglects to watch her younger brothers and has to learn from the consequences. I imagine that Kaya will have a character arc where she becomes more responsible. But here I wasn’t really invested in her story yet.

Kaya’s Escape

Kaya in winter building a small stone cairn

Book two packs in the drama as Kaya and her sister are captured by enemy raiders. Kaya, as the title indicates, does manage to escape. I was impressed by her survival skills and how much she knows about living in the wilderness, even at the age of nine. It’s a real reminder of how much courage and knowledge it took to survive without modern conveniences. I imagine most adults today would not have managed half as well as Kaya does.

Kaya’s Hero

Kaya holding saddle

I’m suddenly really invested in this series. First, we had Kaya get captured and escape. Now, the story packs in a few emotional punches as Kaya attempts to impress a brave woman, Swan Circling, whom she hopes will be her friend. But Kaya worries that the strong and caring young woman will not like her, especially if she learns how Kaya got her nickname Magipe. I was not expecting the emotional ending.

Kaya and Lone Dog

Kaya holding young dog pup while the dog's mother stands behind her

Kaya befriends a lone dog. It was good, but I don’t have much to say about it. I suppose readers who love dogs will like this one.

Kaya Shows the Way

Kaya in boat watching her puppy fall overboard and get swept away by the river

Kaya’s character arc so far feels a bit uneven. In some ways she is maturing, but in other ways she seems like much the same girl who started the series. Of course it’s only been around a year, but the other American Girls seem to have some more cohesive storytelling. Still, I liked that this book finally brings back Speaking Rain, even though Kaya seems more concerned about what she needs from Speaking Rain, rather than what would be best for her sister.

Changes for Kaya

Kaya riding her horse Steps High as a fire burns behind her and ash falls down from the sky

This is a really great ending! Kaya shows some growth as she commits to helping her people, rather than running immediately after her horse Steps High, whom she thinks has finally returned. But a raging fire tests her courage. This has been an uneven series, but it ends on a high note.

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Verdict

This series feels a bit more uneven than some of the others. It has high points, but also some books that seem a little less than stellar. I’m glad I continued after the first book because that one might be the weakest in the series. But I would understand if some readers gave up there.

Lady Tremaine by Rachel Hochhauser

Lady Tremaine Book Cover

Information

Goodreads: Lady Tremaine
Series: None
Age Category: Adult
Source: Library
Published: 2026

Summary

The twice-widowed Ethelreda has been left a disintegrating property and three girls to raise by herself. She knows she has to keep up appearances to ensure the girls make good marriages–it is their only way out of poverty. Her own daughters step up admirably, doing the chores that keep them fed and alive. But Ethel’s stepdaughter Elin feels herself to be above the work of servants, and instead spends her days trying to teach herself the accomplishments of a lady. So it is a sore blow when only Elin receives an invitation to the royal ball. And a shock when Elin announces her engagement to the prince. But then Ethel learns a terrible secret about the royal family. And she must choose. She can keep silent, and sacrifice Elin to raise her own social standing and that of her daughters. Or she can try to save the stepdaughter who never loved her.

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Review

Lady Tremaine is a clever re-imagining of the “Cinderella” story from the perspective of the “evil” stepmother. Here, Ethelreda has been widowed twice and is on the verge of financial ruin, meaning she would do just about anything to give her daughters a social advantage and the chance to have a stable life. She would even be willing to give that chance to her stepdaughter Elin, except that Elin refuses to do any housework like the rest of the family, choosing instead to focus on “ladylike” accomplishments like music and painting. Elin believes that this will make her marriageable–not keeping a roof over their heads in the meantime. Readers immediately feel sympathy for Ethelreda and want her to succeed, as she struggles to survive in a world not built for women to prosper on their own.

The clever part about Lady Tremaine is in how the story makes Ethelreda sympathetic, but not perfect. To some extent, having Ethelreda struggle against the patriarchy is bound to make her instantly sympathetic, after all. Most readers would naturally want any character who has been crossed in love and then saddled with her late husband’s debts (his fault, not hers) to triumph. But Ethelreda has her faults. She knows she ought to make more of an effort with Elin. She sometimes wonders if she is not a little harsh with the girl. On the other hand, she spent years trying to show love to Elin and to convince the girl that the family must work together to survive. And all Elin did was shut out her love and demand to be served. Who can blame Ethelreda for getting impatient sometimes and letting Elin fail as a life lesson? I liked the balance the book achieves in showing how Ethelreda tries, but sometimes makes the wrong choice.

The book itself is well-written, though I note it has a familiar structure, one many books have that are trying to be “deep.” It bounces around between past and present, so readers understand the link between Ethelreda’s present-day personality and her crushed dreams. It has some prose clearly meant to be lyrical and impressive. And it does that thing where the protagonist has an all-consuming hobby, that the author explains in far too much detail, because that hobby means something. Ethelreda, you see, keeps a falcon named Lucy who is Super Symbolic. Ethelreda is the falcon. Impressed, aren’t you? I would be more impressed if this technique were not so common. All it makes me do is see the structure of the book, the beats the author is trying to hit. It is distracting from the reading experience.

I also think the book veers off wildly in the end. This part will probably be hit or miss for readers. The wild revelations definitely add a lot of action and drama to what otherwise could arguably be seen as a slower, more character-driven work. On the other hand, I laughed a little bit. The story, in its earnest desire to convince readers of just how evil the prince is, perhaps overdoes it.

Still, on the whole, Lady Tremaine is a very enjoyable read. I liked this spin on “Cinderella,” where the book does not try to excuse her stepmother for being evil, but instead makes Ethelreda into a fully three-dimensional character who is trying to do her best, has been shaped by the world she grew up in, and sometimes gets it wrong. I wasn’t really sure what to expect going in, but Lady Tremaine is a gripping read!

4 stars

The Faraway Inn by Sarah Beth Durst

Information

Goodreads: The Faraway Inn
Series: None
Age Category: Young Adult
Source: Purchased
Published: March 31, 2026

Official Summary

After a devastating heartbreak, a teen girl decides to spend her summer helping her eccentric great aunt manage her quaint Vermont inn–but this fixer-upper is hiding a magical secret–in this cozy and irresistable new fantasy from the New York Times bestselling author of The Spellshop.

Sixteen-year-old Calisa is desperate for a change of scenery after her lying ex ruins her perfect Brooklyn summer. When her parents suggest she head to rural Vermont to help her great-aunt run her cozy bed and breakfast for a few months, she jumps at the chance.

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Review

This is only the second novel I’ve read by Sarah Beth Durst, but I’m ready to call her the queen of cozy fantasy. Her books encapsulate exactly what I expect of the genre: a cozy setting with a low-stakes plot that has just enough happening to keep readers engaged instead of bored out of their minds. The reader knows that whatever is happening isn’t that big of a deal and going to turn out perfectly fine, but it’s still fun. It’s like reading the kind of books I enjoyed in my childhood, when stories were whimsical and there was some danger but it was never quite real.

I wasn’t sold on The Faraway Inn from page one. I did have thoughts that the book might be, in fact, “too cozy” with nothing more happening than a teenage girl (and Durst really goes for the “teenage voice” in a way that seems noticeable to me) cleaning up an inn. The book doesn’t quite feel like a list of tasks in the beginning (fix hole in porch, fix roof, make breakfast menu, clean dining room, clean library, etc.), but I can see why other readers might think it does. And while cleaning can be very satisfying in real life, one gets less satisfaction from watching one do it systematically in a book.

Things do pick up a little, however, about 100 pages in, and then I was hooked. Durst adds a little bit of plot, a little bit of romance, a little bit of visiting secondary magical worlds. Small details make the story pop and the reader wish they could visit the inn, as well, and find some restorative peace — and whimsy. The question is ever-looming whether the inn can be saved or whether it will close forever, but of course the real question is how protagonist Calisa will manage to save the inn. When an author can make you care about the journey of the story even when you know the end, that’s the real magic.

You do have to be a fan of cozy fantasy to be a fan of this book, someone in the mood to go, “Oh, how fun,” and “Yes, very charming,” and not, “Whoa! So exciting!” The book doesn’t feel “about” anything. It’s entertaining in a low-key kind of way, and I think Durst has really mastered doing what cozy fantasy does.

Briana
4 stars

A Tale of Plagues and Perfumes by Jake Halpern & Peter Kujawinski (Briana’s Review)

Information

Goodreads: A Tale of Plagues and Perfumes
Series: None
Age Category: Middle Grade
Source: Library
Published: 2026

Official Summary

Every scent tells a story.

The last thing Nia wants is to be branded a “Sinsory.” Where she comes from, that’s just as deadly as the devastating plagues that sweep through their land. That’s why she keeps her unusually keen sense of smell a secret. Only two people in the city of Yerat know of her special her beloved Auntie and her best friend, Fox. But when the worst plague in a century hits their desert continent, all of that suddenly changes.

An invitation arrives in the shape of a jar of blackcurrant jam for Nia to attend the Cloister, a select and secluded school for children with heightened senses. There she meets Scentiers, like her, but also Gazers, Whisper-Gatherers, and many more, whose sensory powers go far beyond what regular folk can smell, see, or hear.

It’s there that Nia learns her nose knows far more than she ever dreamed . . . maybe enough to find the cure for the plague. Or even sniff out the sinister secrets hiding in the Cloister’s walls.

The Inquisitor’s Tale meets Impossible Creatures in this immersive middle grade fantasy adventure that follows a girl who must use her remarkable sense of smell to save the world from a perilous plague.

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Review

A Tale of Plagues and Perfumes strikes that sweet spot publishers always seem to be looking for in middle grade: it has a unique premise and is slightly morbid while also making a ton of jokes about the morbidity so that the “darkness” is actually funny. Oh, half the population is about to die in a horrifically painful and contagious plague? Sure, that’s kind of scary, but they’re also going to have a lot of oddball rituals about it that make the whole thing seem like a joke! Classic middle grade.

The authors’ quest to be quirky occasionally leads to small plot hiccups I noticed as an adult, but which I’m sure most children won’t mind. For instance, there’s an entire scene where Nia and her aunt meet with a prominent local figure, who is alternately described as a “friend” the aunt “knows,” and yet the aunt must humorously prostrate herself and declare the other woman’s greatness. Because it’s funny, I suppose. I was just left puzzled by what their actual relationship was or why this even mattered. It’s one scene that has no real bearing on the plot, so in that sense it’s not a big deal. But to me, it was indicative of the small ways in which the book might have been more tightly edited.

Overall, however, the plot is interesting and goes just as one might suppose. Nia is recruited for her once-in-a-generation ability to smell, so of course she is going to put that talent to good use to save the day, running into various obstacles and making friends along the way. A few small plot twists readers might or might not see coming, but fun in general. I think young readers will love this.

If you’re on the lookout for a middle grade that’s a tiny but macabre but still a bit silly and entertaining, A Tales of Plagues and Perfumes will work for you.

Briana
4 stars

How Do You Define “Fantasy?” (Fantasy with Friends)

Fantasy with Friends is a meme hosted here at Pages Unbound that poses questions each Monday about fantasy, either as a genre as a whole or individual works. Feel free to leave a comment, even if you are not participating this week! And, if you are participating, remember to comment with your link! (See the schedule for future discussion topics here.)

This Week’s Prompt: How do you define fantasy?

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This Week’s Participants

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On the surface level, defining “fantasy” seems like a straightforward task. It’s stories that include something “not real/realistic” right? Yet from here we must immediately consider that fantasy usually has magic. Or does it just have something “supernatural?” A story about a wizard is clearly fantasy, but is a ghost story fantasy? Are fairy tales fantasy? Are superhero comics? Are stories set in secondary worlds that have no magic or supernatural elements at all fantasy? The more I think about it, the more it feels that both everything and nothing might be fantasy.

Scholars have approached the question of defining the genre by asking not what fantasy includes, but what fantasy might try to be doing.

Colin Manlove in The Impulse of Fantasy Literature suggests:

“And the concern of fantasy is not with the minutely faithful record for the sake of fidelity to fact, but with the sense of individuality that comes from making things strange and luminous with independent life in a fantastic setting. At the core of the genre is a delight in being . . .”

I find this a thought-provoking take, but the proliferation of dark fantasy gives me pause. Does dark fantasy have a “delight in being?” This description seems to fit only a subset of the fantasy genre.

Manlove goes on a bit to talk about J.R.R. Tolkien’s thoughts on “subcreation,” which Tolkien introduces in his lecture “On Fairy Stories,” but the idea that fantasy is something that is “sucreated” doesn’t seem satisfactory either.

Rosemary Jackson in Fantasy: The Literature of Subversion, notes:

“Liteature of the fantastic has been claimed as ‘transcending’ reality, ‘escaping’ the human condition and constructing superior alternate, ‘secondary’ worlds. From W.H. Auden, C.S. Lewis, and J.R.R. Tolkien, this notion of fantasy literature as fulfilling a desire for a ‘better’, more complete, unified reality has come to dominate readings of the fantastic, defining it as an art form providing vicarious gratification.”

She pushes back against this, arguing that fantasy is always grounded in the context in which it was written. Perhaps it’s not that transcendant after all. And it doesn’t have to be about escapism.

So, what is fantasy? It’s certainly a genre built on imagination, on the question of what could be. Beyond that, sometimes it feels as if the answer is, “I know it when I see it.” Until I see a specific story and don’t know whether to call it fantasy or not.

Briana

Graciela in the Abyss by Meg Medina

A boy stands on the shore while the ghost of a sea spirit floats below the water

Information

Goodreads: Graciela in the Abyss
Series: None
Age Category: Middle Grade
Source: Library
Published: 2025

Summary

Drowned at sea, Graciela awakens later to help her friend Amina greet the newly awakened sea ghosts, and to grind sea glass for the shore. She never realized that her twelve-year-old Jorge is one of the humans who find and enjoy her works. But when Jorge discovers an old weapon that can kill sea ghosts, their worlds collide. Jorge wants to destroy it. Graciela doesn’t trust him. But they will need to work together to save the ocean.

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Review

Graciela in the Abyss sometimes feels uneven and it sometimes feels like the kind of book that will be a Newbery contender. It is an interesting mix! I imagine that this is the kind of book that generates mixed reviews. It’s a bit weird and creepy, but that is what makes it intriguing. And it wants to be deep, but sometimes that is a little too obvious. Ultimately, I enjoyed the original premise, and that was enough for me to overlook the somewhat flat characterization, as well as the heavy-handed character arc. I think perhaps Medina wanted the book to be short and perhaps that meant some details were left to the wayside. Fair enough. I think tweens who like somewhat creepy reads will like Graciela in the Abyss.

To get the weird and creepy part out of the way, Graciela in the Abyss begins with Graciela falling off a cliff into the sea and dying because she is too stubborn (some might say annoying) to listen to her big sister. She then awakens 100 years later as a sea ghost. The sea ghosts have various jobs. Some guard shipwrecks. Some cause mischief like big waves or capsized boats. Some make the eerie moans one hears in the sea fog. Graciela’s friend/mentor/guardian greets newly awakened sea spirits. So, yes, there is death here. And decaying bodies. I thought it was a cool premise.

For me, the weak part of the story are the characters. Graciela and Jorge feel a bit flat. Graciela is the stubborn, selfish one who wants to get her own way, but also is dealing with trauma from her death and can’t let go. She lost her family and her life was cut too short, and now she’s afraid of losing her friend Amina. Jorge is the nice, kind, thoughtful protagonist whom readers feel sorry for because he has cruel parents. I wanted a bit more from them–more than the character arc Medina gives us.

Graciela’s character arc is pretty textbook. The story informs us multiple times that Graciela is stubborn and selfish and unable to let go–so of course this book is going to be about her learning to let go. This happens in a very odd (I thought) way at the end, when Graciela essentially has to give a performance of what she has learned. The moral is announced in far too heavy-handed a manner. And, at times, I have to admit, the book seems purposefully written in the type of style meant to garner Newbery attention.

The illustrations, however, are wonderful. They are weird and creepy–just like the story. So, though I did not always connect with Graciela or feel that her story was told in the most nuanced way, I did enjoy how the artwork intersects with the text.

Graciela in the Abyss is a peculiar book. I think tweens will like it for the creepy aspect. I think educators and librarians will enjoy it for its handling of death, grief, and trauma. (Award committees and educators seem to love middle grade books about death–and there has been a higher than usual number of such books being published in recent years.) I liked it because it is is unusual.

4 stars

Sanditon by Jane Austen

Information

Goodreads: Lady Susan/The Watsons/Sanditon
Series: None
Age Category: Adult
Source: Library
Published: 1925

Summary

In this unfinished story (believed to have been begun around 1817), Charlotte Heywood visits Mrs. and Mr. Parker in Sanditon, a former fishing village that Mr. Parker hopes to turn into an up-and-coming seaside resort. Charlotte meets a host of characters, including Mr. Parker’s business partner Lady Denham, and her flirtatious nephew Sir Edward Denham.

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Review

Sanditon gives readers the most tantalizing glimpse of what could have been. It feels so very unlike Jane Austen’s other novels, with its focus on an up-and-coming seaside resort. There is a compelling clash here between old and new, with Mr. Parker enthusiastically extolling the virtues of his town and the improvements he plans to make, in contrast with some of the comfort the inhabitants must have had without all the bustle and visitors. The town, too, cannot decide if tourists are, in fact, good. Will they bring prosperity or merely raise prices for everyone? I would have loved to see where this novel went!

In part, Sanditon feels so intriguing because there seem, at this point, to be so few “good” characters and that makes it difficult to predict where Austen would have taken the plot. It is all very well, of course, to laugh at the characters Austen means us to laugh at: Mr. Parker’s hypochondriac siblings, for instance, or the cheap Lady Denham. But what are readers to do with the information that Sir Edward would willing ruin the poor but lovely Miss Clara Brereton? And is the well-bred Sidney Parker (barely introduced before the fragment ends) meant to marry Charlotte Heywood? And where would that leave Clara? Would Clara find a husband of her own? It seems like more characters must have been introduced, before the end.

I wish readers could have seen how Jane Austen finished Sanditon. The setting feels a bit unique for her, as does the clash between old and new, where neither old nor new seems to be set up as undeniably “better” than the other. And what would have the villainous Sir Edward done before the end? Would he really try to carry off Clara in a fit of depravity? There is so much to think about here and, unfortunately, readers have no answers.

4 stars