Why is the universe is the way it is?
Stephen Hawking explored this in “A Brief History of Time.” Today I finished the book, a Christmas gift from my husband.
About halfway through Hawking’s explanation of why black holes appear to emit particles even though nothing can escape them, my brain hit its comprehension boundary. Hawking marched onward, positing that the universe exists in a “no-boundary” condition that contains no beginning or end:
“Space-time would be like the surface of the earth, only with two more dimensions. The surface of the earth is finite in extent, but it doesn’t have a boundary or edge: if you sail off into the sunset, you don’t fall off the edge…”

The explanation of how such a universe would operate involved imaginary time, a measure of time that uses the mathematical concept of imaginary numbers. My brain accepted its limits and marveled at the human capability to develop such knowledge.
When I was younger, I lamented the fact that while so much knowledge exists in the world, no one person could know it all. As recently as Newton’s time, Hawking wrote, “it was possible for an educated person to have a grasp of the whole of human knowledge, at least in outline.” Now, such a task is “impossible.”
Nevertheless, Hawking believes humans are approaching a unified theory that explains the universe, and that one day scientists and laypeople will discuss its implications.
Optimism prevails, even in the face of boundaries.








