Notes #8 Brain Levers etc.

late-bloomers

Once again I am subjecting my dear readers to some selections from a biology paper.  While this has not yet been labeled as torture by the UN, it might as well be.  However as I do not believe in human rights, your only recourse is to run screaming away from your user interface.

This week on things beyond me we will be looking at:

Evolutionary Development of Neural Systems in Vertebrates and Beyond

Lauren A. O ’ Connell

Neurogenetics, Early Online: 1–17

Abstract: The emerging field of “ neuro-evo-devo ” is beginning to reveal how the molecular and neural substrates that underlie brain function are based on variations in evolutionarily ancient and conserved neurochemical and neural circuit themes. Comparative work across bilaterians is reviewed to highlight how early neural patterning specifies modularity of the embryonic brain, which lays a foundation on which manipulation of neurogenesis creates adjustments in brain size. Small variation within these developmental mechanisms contributes to the evolution of brain diversity. Comparing the specification and spatial distribution of neural phenotypes across bilaterians has also suggested some major brain evolution trends, although much more work on profiling neural connections with neurochemical specific city across a wide diversity of organisms is needed. These comparative approaches investigating the evolution of brain form and function hold great promise for facilitating a mechanistic understanding of how variation in brain morphology, neural phenotypes, and neural networks influences brain function and behavioral diversity across organisms.

I can’t wait…

“Although developmental patterning of central nervous systems is remarkably similar across animal phyla, small variations on developmental themes have produced striking variation in brain morphology.”

One of the major themes of this paper is the how conservative the methods of generative neural diversity are.

Continue reading “Notes #8 Brain Levers etc.”

Notes #8 Brain Levers etc.

Notes #6 Degenerate Trucks

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This week we are going to explore complex adaptive systems. Particularly we are going to be looking at an important aspect of complex systems which is degeneracy. Now normally degeneracy is the sort of word you hear coming from the cranky old men, unfortunately for you, you’re going to have to learn to love degeneracy (biology):

Within biological systems, degeneracy occurs when structurally dissimilar components/modules/pathways can perform similar functions (i.e. are effectively interchangeable) under certain conditions, but perform distinct functions in other conditions.[1][2] Degeneracy is thus a relational property that requires comparing the behaviour of two or more components. In particular, if degeneracy is present in a pair of components then there will exist conditions where the pair will appear functionally redundant but other conditions where they will appear functionally distinct. –La Wik

When most people refer to biological degeneracy they usually mean a unique feature of the translation of DNA to amino acids.

A code in which several code words have the same meaning. The genetic code is degenerate because there are many instances in which different codons specify the same amino acid. A genetic code in which some amino acids may each be encoded by more than one codon. –Glossary Holmgren

Continue reading “Notes #6 Degenerate Trucks”

Notes #6 Degenerate Trucks