…9652)

## Design Principles

This PR mainly clarifies a few principles that we hold while implementing Rolldown's dev engine and Vite's full-bundle mode dev server. Mostly are written in `meta/design/dev-engine.md`. Just to give you a briefing, here're these things:

1. **Be conservative** — rebuild only when the bundle is stale, and defer it until the full bundle is actually requested (e.g. a page refresh). By default we ship HMR-only output.
2. **Replay errors when needed** — the dev *engine* is stateless across HTTP requests and never caches results from `onHmrUpdates`/`onOutput`; caching and replay are the dev *server*'s job, so errors survive a refresh.
3. **File changes are the only recovery trigger** — after a failed build the engine waits for a file edit (Vite config or source). Not a page refresh, elapsed time, or UI dismissal.
4. **Build errors are always recoverable** — every error via `on_output`/`on_hmr_updates` is treated as a user error (source/plugin), fixable by editing source. Only a panic is unrecoverable.

### Problem

  #9552 made `ensure_latest_bundle_output` return `None` in `FullBuildFailed` /
  `Failed` instead of retrying a build. That fixed a double-`onOutput` and an
  infinite loop — but the retry it removed had been doing double duty: on a
  browser refresh, the dev-server middleware calls `ensureLatestBuildOutput`,
  the retry reran the build, and `onOutput` re-fired the error to the client.

  With the retry gone, a refresh no longer reruns the build, so **a project whose
  build output contains an error stops re-emitting that error on refresh** — the
  error overlay disappears even though the build is still broken.

  The right fix is *not* to rerun the build on access (that brings back the loop
  and the double-emit). It's to make `Failed` / `FullBuildFailed` work as the
  genuine resting states they now are:

  - the error must survive a refresh **without** a rebuild, and
  - recovery must be driven entirely by file changes, re-running the stage that
    actually broke.

### Changes

  **1. Expose errored-and-stale state to the consumer.**
  Snapshot field `last_full_build_failed` → `last_build_errored`, now true for
  *both* `FullBuildFailed` and `Failed { .. }`. This is the predicate the
  consumer pairs with `has_stale_output` to (a) replay its cached build error on
  client reconnect instead of triggering a doomed regen, and (b) avoid the
  access-triggered reload loop against a bundle the engine won't regenerate.

  **2. File-change-driven, stage-aware recovery.**
  Because access no longer retries, the next file change is the only recovery
  trigger — and it must re-run the broken stage:

  - New `ErrorStage` enum (`Hmr` | `Rebuild`); `BundlingTask` tracks
    `hmr_errored` / `rebuild_errored` and collapses them with precedence
    `Rebuild > Hmr` (covers the `Hmr → HmrRebuild` auto-upgrade that then fails
    in rebuild).
  - `CoordinatorState::Failed { last_error_stage }` carries the stage;
    `handle_file_changes` forces `HmrRebuild` on a `Rebuild`-stage failure
    (regardless of `rebuild_strategy`) so the rebuild re-runs, and uses an `Hmr`
    task for an `Hmr`-stage failure.

### Tests

Tests will be added when Rolldown's test-dev-server is fully aligned with Vite's full-bundle mode server.

This PR is meant to be released along with vitejs/vite#22617.

| datasource | package | from   | to    |
| ---------- | ------- | ------ | ----- |
| npm        | vite    | 8.0.14 | 8.1.0 |


## [v8.1.0](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/HEAD/packages/vite/CHANGELOG.md#810-2026-06-23)

##### Features

- extend `server.fs.deny` list with common files ([#22707](vitejs/vite#22707)) ([61ba8fd](vitejs/vite@61ba8fd))
- update rolldown to 1.1.2 ([#22695](vitejs/vite#22695)) ([4f008a6](vitejs/vite@4f008a6))
- use `~` for Rolldown ([#22693](vitejs/vite#22693)) ([9928722](vitejs/vite@9928722))

##### Bug Fixes

- **bundled-dev:** errors should be kept when incremental build fails ([#22617](vitejs/vite#22617)) ([9a0dd48](vitejs/vite@9a0dd48))
- cache falsy values in perEnvironmentState ([#22715](vitejs/vite#22715)) ([0e91e79](vitejs/vite@0e91e79))
- **glob:** respect caseSensitive option in hmr matcher ([#22711](vitejs/vite#22711)) ([65f525e](vitejs/vite@65f525e))
- **html:** omit nonce on import map when cspNonce is unset ([#22713](vitejs/vite#22713)) ([8340bb5](vitejs/vite@8340bb5))
- **optimizer:** skip null-valued exports in expandGlobIds glob resolution ([#22611](vitejs/vite#22611)) ([8b9f5cd](vitejs/vite@8b9f5cd))
- resolved build options should be kept as a getter ([#22691](vitejs/vite#22691)) ([3527191](vitejs/vite@3527191))
- **server:** handle malformed URI in memory files middleware ([#22714](vitejs/vite#22714)) ([df9e0a5](vitejs/vite@df9e0a5))
- use literal envPrefix queries for Vite Task ([#22706](vitejs/vite#22706)) ([da72733](vitejs/vite@da72733))
- warn on deprecated envFile ([#22555](vitejs/vite#22555)) ([ed7b283](vitejs/vite@ed7b283))

##### Code Refactoring

- **client:** inline dev-id value in CSS selector ([#22736](vitejs/vite#22736)) ([57f59bc](vitejs/vite@57f59bc))
- remove unused removeRawQuery util ([#22724](vitejs/vite#22724)) ([403cc60](vitejs/vite@403cc60))
- use `rolldownOptions` property for chunkImportMap ([#22692](vitejs/vite#22692)) ([8e8816c](vitejs/vite@8e8816c))


## [v8.0.16](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/HEAD/packages/vite/CHANGELOG.md#small-8016-2026-06-01-small)

##### Bug Fixes

- **deps:** reject UNC paths for launch-editor-middleware ([#22571](vitejs/vite#22571)) ([50b9512](vitejs/vite@50b9512))
- reject windows alternate paths ([#22572](vitejs/vite#22572)) ([dc245c7](vitejs/vite@dc245c7))


## [v8.0.15](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/HEAD/packages/vite/CHANGELOG.md#small-8015-2026-06-01-small)

##### Features

- send 408 on request timeout ([#22476](vitejs/vite#22476)) ([c85c9ee](vitejs/vite@c85c9ee))
- update rolldown to 1.0.3 ([#22538](vitejs/vite#22538)) ([646dbed](vitejs/vite@646dbed))

##### Bug Fixes

- capitalize error messages and remove spurious space in parse error ([#22488](vitejs/vite#22488)) ([85a0eff](vitejs/vite@85a0eff))
- **deps:** update all non-major dependencies ([#22511](vitejs/vite#22511)) ([2686d7d](vitejs/vite@2686d7d))
- **dev:** fix html-proxy cache key mismatch for /@fs/ HTML paths ([#21762](vitejs/vite#21762)) ([47c4213](vitejs/vite@47c4213))
- **glob:** error on relative glob in virtual module when no files match ([#22497](vitejs/vite#22497)) ([5c8e98f](vitejs/vite@5c8e98f))
- **optimizer:** close the rolldown bundle when write() rejects ([#22528](vitejs/vite#22528)) ([e3cfb9d](vitejs/vite@e3cfb9d))
- **resolve:** provide onWarn for viteResolvePlugin in JS plugin containers ([#22509](vitejs/vite#22509)) ([40985f1](vitejs/vite@40985f1))

##### Miscellaneous Chores

- **deps:** update rolldown-related dependencies ([#22566](vitejs/vite#22566)) ([3052a67](vitejs/vite@3052a67))

##### Code Refactoring

- correct logic in `collectAllModules` function ([#22562](vitejs/vite#22562)) ([6978a9c](vitejs/vite@6978a9c))

| datasource | package | from   | to    |
| ---------- | ------- | ------ | ----- |
| npm        | vite    | 8.0.14 | 8.1.0 |


## [v8.1.0](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/HEAD/packages/vite/CHANGELOG.md#810-2026-06-23)

##### Features

- extend `server.fs.deny` list with common files ([#22707](vitejs/vite#22707)) ([61ba8fd](vitejs/vite@61ba8fd))
- update rolldown to 1.1.2 ([#22695](vitejs/vite#22695)) ([4f008a6](vitejs/vite@4f008a6))
- use `~` for Rolldown ([#22693](vitejs/vite#22693)) ([9928722](vitejs/vite@9928722))

##### Bug Fixes

- **bundled-dev:** errors should be kept when incremental build fails ([#22617](vitejs/vite#22617)) ([9a0dd48](vitejs/vite@9a0dd48))
- cache falsy values in perEnvironmentState ([#22715](vitejs/vite#22715)) ([0e91e79](vitejs/vite@0e91e79))
- **glob:** respect caseSensitive option in hmr matcher ([#22711](vitejs/vite#22711)) ([65f525e](vitejs/vite@65f525e))
- **html:** omit nonce on import map when cspNonce is unset ([#22713](vitejs/vite#22713)) ([8340bb5](vitejs/vite@8340bb5))
- **optimizer:** skip null-valued exports in expandGlobIds glob resolution ([#22611](vitejs/vite#22611)) ([8b9f5cd](vitejs/vite@8b9f5cd))
- resolved build options should be kept as a getter ([#22691](vitejs/vite#22691)) ([3527191](vitejs/vite@3527191))
- **server:** handle malformed URI in memory files middleware ([#22714](vitejs/vite#22714)) ([df9e0a5](vitejs/vite@df9e0a5))
- use literal envPrefix queries for Vite Task ([#22706](vitejs/vite#22706)) ([da72733](vitejs/vite@da72733))
- warn on deprecated envFile ([#22555](vitejs/vite#22555)) ([ed7b283](vitejs/vite@ed7b283))

##### Code Refactoring

- **client:** inline dev-id value in CSS selector ([#22736](vitejs/vite#22736)) ([57f59bc](vitejs/vite@57f59bc))
- remove unused removeRawQuery util ([#22724](vitejs/vite#22724)) ([403cc60](vitejs/vite@403cc60))
- use `rolldownOptions` property for chunkImportMap ([#22692](vitejs/vite#22692)) ([8e8816c](vitejs/vite@8e8816c))


## [v8.0.16](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/HEAD/packages/vite/CHANGELOG.md#small-8016-2026-06-01-small)

##### Bug Fixes

- **deps:** reject UNC paths for launch-editor-middleware ([#22571](vitejs/vite#22571)) ([50b9512](vitejs/vite@50b9512))
- reject windows alternate paths ([#22572](vitejs/vite#22572)) ([dc245c7](vitejs/vite@dc245c7))


## [v8.0.15](https://github.com/vitejs/vite/blob/HEAD/packages/vite/CHANGELOG.md#small-8015-2026-06-01-small)

##### Features

- send 408 on request timeout ([#22476](vitejs/vite#22476)) ([c85c9ee](vitejs/vite@c85c9ee))
- update rolldown to 1.0.3 ([#22538](vitejs/vite#22538)) ([646dbed](vitejs/vite@646dbed))

##### Bug Fixes

- capitalize error messages and remove spurious space in parse error ([#22488](vitejs/vite#22488)) ([85a0eff](vitejs/vite@85a0eff))
- **deps:** update all non-major dependencies ([#22511](vitejs/vite#22511)) ([2686d7d](vitejs/vite@2686d7d))
- **dev:** fix html-proxy cache key mismatch for /@fs/ HTML paths ([#21762](vitejs/vite#21762)) ([47c4213](vitejs/vite@47c4213))
- **glob:** error on relative glob in virtual module when no files match ([#22497](vitejs/vite#22497)) ([5c8e98f](vitejs/vite@5c8e98f))
- **optimizer:** close the rolldown bundle when write() rejects ([#22528](vitejs/vite#22528)) ([e3cfb9d](vitejs/vite@e3cfb9d))
- **resolve:** provide onWarn for viteResolvePlugin in JS plugin containers ([#22509](vitejs/vite#22509)) ([40985f1](vitejs/vite@40985f1))

##### Miscellaneous Chores

- **deps:** update rolldown-related dependencies ([#22566](vitejs/vite#22566)) ([3052a67](vitejs/vite@3052a67))

##### Code Refactoring

- correct logic in `collectAllModules` function ([#22562](vitejs/vite#22562)) ([6978a9c](vitejs/vite@6978a9c))