This pull request includes significant updates to the Dockerfile and related build processes for TiKV. The main changes involve switching the base image from CentOS7 (EOL) to Rocky Linux 8, updating the build steps, and simplifying the Dockerfile structure.

Dockerfile updates:

• Switched the base image from CentOS to Rocky Linux and updated the package installation process to use dnf instead of yum.
• Added build instructions and prerequisites comments at the beginning of the Dockerfile to guide users on how to build the image.
• Reorganized the Dockerfile to use multi-stage builds, separating the building and final image stages for a cleaner and more efficient build process.
• Updated the installation process for protoc and the Rust toolchain, including setting up the environment variables and paths.

This Dockerfile is for development build to, the production build image will still be CentOS7 based.

Dockerfile.test updates:

• Updated the base image to Rocky Linux and modified the package installation process accordingly.
• Revised the installation steps for protoc and the Rust toolchain to align with the main Dockerfile.
• Ensured the installation of cargo-nextest to a specific version for consistency in the test environment.

Makefile update:

• Simplified the docker_shell target to use bash instead of /bin/bash for consistency and simplicity.

What is changed and how it works?

Issue Number: Close #17894

What's Changed:

build: update Dockerfile for build and test

Related changes

• PR to update pingcap/docs/pingcap/docs-cn:
• Need to cherry-pick to the release branch

Check List

Tests

• Unit test
• Integration test
• Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)

  ~# docker build -t tikv -f Dockerfile .
  ~# docker run -it --rm --entrypoint sh  tikv
  sh-5.1# /tikv-server -V
  TiKV
  Release Version:   8.5.0-alpha
  Edition:           Community
  Git Commit Hash:   4667725f8916b84da7ab68861616c2d250154196
  Git Commit Branch: wuhuizuo/issue17894
  UTC Build Time:    2025-01-07 07:11:16
  Rust Version:      rustc 1.77.0-nightly (89e2160c4 2023-12-27)
  Enable Features:   memory-engine pprof-fp jemalloc mem-profiling portable sse test-engine-kv-rocksdb test-engine-raft-raft-engine trace-async-tasks openssl-vendored
  Profile:           dist_release

• No code

Side effects

• Performance regression: Consumes more CPU
• Performance regression: Consumes more Memory
• Breaking backward compatibility

Release note

None