sagemathgh-39699: Fixing the ruff linting
    
probably due to a change in the ruff version somewhere

### 📝 Checklist

- [x] The title is concise and informative.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
    
URL: sagemath#39699
Reported by: Frédéric Chapoton
Reviewer(s): Travis Scrimshaw

sagemathgh-39701: Use uv for linter workflow
    
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Currently, the linter workflow always uses the latest release of all
dependencies. Thus, updates to these linters may result in broken CI
(just happened yesterday see sagemath#39699).

Here, we use `uv` to lock the dependency of all tools used in the linter
workflow. The lock file will be automatically updated using renovate.

Also remove `pycodestyle` as by now it can be replaced by ruff.

(The lock file also contains all sage dependencies and thus may be used
to replace the manual updates of python deps in sage-the-distro
@dimpase)

### 📝 Checklist

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- [ ] The title is concise and informative.
- [ ] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [ ] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [ ] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.

### ⌛ Dependencies

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URL: sagemath#39701
Reported by: Tobias Diez
Reviewer(s): Dima Pasechnik

sagemathgh-39709: Implement preimage computation for Homomorphism from Quotient Ring to Finite Field of the same characteristic
    
## Technical Details

This PR introduces a new function into the file
`src/sage/rings/morphism.pyx`, named `_preimage_from_linear_dependence`.
More specifically, it computes the preimage of an element for a
homomorphism $f$ from a univariate polynomial quotient ring to a finite
extension field extension. When the codomain's field degree is the same
as the domain's base ring degree, and the domain is constructed from an
irreducible polynomial, $f$ is guaranteed to have a preimage for any
element and `_preimage_from_linear_dependence` returns this preimage.

Fixes sagemath#39690.

The way this function is currently used, it fixes the
`NotImplementedError` raised by:

- `f.inverse`
- `f.inverse_image` and
- `f._inverse_image_element`

## How it was fixed?

Internally, `_inverse_image_element` calls `_graph_ideal` which is the
cause of the NotImplementedError due to the check `A.base_ring() !=
B.base_ring()`. Now, before calling `_graph_ideal`, the new method
`_preimage_from_linear_dependence` is conditionally called and returns
early, thereby avoiding the error.

I have not included any documentation because it's supposed to be used
as an internal function. Let me know if it is needed.

### 📝 Checklist

<!-- Put an `x` in all the boxes that apply. -->

- [x] The title is concise and informative.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [x] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [x] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.

### ⌛ Dependencies

- sagemath#39699 : Probably due to a recent version change in the ruff linter,
the ruff linting check failed. This PR fixes these errors so I cherry-
picked the author's commit.
    
URL: sagemath#39709
Reported by: rasti37
Reviewer(s): grhkm21, rasti37

sagemathgh-39709: Implement preimage computation for Homomorphism from Quotient Ring to Finite Field of the same characteristic
    
## Technical Details

This PR introduces a new function into the file
`src/sage/rings/morphism.pyx`, named `_preimage_from_linear_dependence`.
More specifically, it computes the preimage of an element for a
homomorphism $f$ from a univariate polynomial quotient ring to a finite
extension field extension. When the codomain's field degree is the same
as the domain's base ring degree, and the domain is constructed from an
irreducible polynomial, $f$ is guaranteed to have a preimage for any
element and `_preimage_from_linear_dependence` returns this preimage.

Fixes sagemath#39690.

The way this function is currently used, it fixes the
`NotImplementedError` raised by:

- `f.inverse`
- `f.inverse_image` and
- `f._inverse_image_element`

## How it was fixed?

Internally, `_inverse_image_element` calls `_graph_ideal` which is the
cause of the NotImplementedError due to the check `A.base_ring() !=
B.base_ring()`. Now, before calling `_graph_ideal`, the new method
`_preimage_from_linear_dependence` is conditionally called and returns
early, thereby avoiding the error.

I have not included any documentation because it's supposed to be used
as an internal function. Let me know if it is needed.

### 📝 Checklist

<!-- Put an `x` in all the boxes that apply. -->

- [x] The title is concise and informative.
- [x] The description explains in detail what this PR is about.
- [x] I have linked a relevant issue or discussion.
- [x] I have created tests covering the changes.
- [ ] I have updated the documentation and checked the documentation
preview.

### ⌛ Dependencies

- sagemath#39699 : Probably due to a recent version change in the ruff linter,
the ruff linting check failed. This PR fixes these errors so I cherry-
picked the author's commit.
    
URL: sagemath#39709
Reported by: rasti37
Reviewer(s): grhkm21, rasti37