…y support MacOS 11

There are no new platform incompatibilities in MacOS 12 so those releases likely run in it as well

Make sure you have checked all steps below.

Prerequisite

• Please consider implementing the feature as a hook script or plugin as a first step.
  • pyenv has some powerful support for plugins and hook scripts. Please refer to Authoring plugins for details and try to implement it as a plugin if possible.
• Please consider contributing the patch upstream to rbenv, since we have borrowed most of the code from that project.
  • We occasionally import the changes from rbenv. In general, you can expect changes made in rbenv will be imported to pyenv too, eventually.
  • Generally speaking, we prefer not to make changes in the core in order to keep compatibility with rbenv.
• My PR addresses the following pyenv issue (if any)
  • Addresses Unable to install any python versions with pyenv in MacOS 11-12: "checking for the platform triplet based on compiler characteristics... darwin", "internal configure error for the platform triplet" #2143
  • Closes Build failure for python 3.9.5-3.9.7: "internal configure error for the platform triplet" #2338
  • Closes Unable to install 3.7.9 using pyenv 2.2.5 on MacOS Monterey 12.3.1: "error: internal configure error for the platform triplet, please file a bug report" #2312
  • Closes BUILD FAILED (OS X 12.3.1 using python-build 20180424) #2343
  • Closes clang: error: no such file or directory: 'libpython3.8.a' #2340
  • Closes pyenv unable to install 3.9.6 on Monterey 12.3  #2285
  • Closes Pyenv unable to install any Python versions under macOS Monterey 12.2.1: "checking for the platform triplet based on compiler characteristics... darwin", "internal configure error for the platform triplet" #2284
  • Closes Unable to install python 3.8.x #2280
  • Closes Can't install 3.10.0 on M1 Mac - error: internal configure error for the platform triplet, please file a bug report #2317
  • Closes Install Python 3.7.12 Failed on macOS 12.3.1: "internal configure error for the platform triplet" #2306

Description

• Here are some details about my PR

As per #2143 (comment), backports python/cpython@9c47667 to all releases that officially support MacOS 11 (#1737 (comment)).
For some later releases, the patch is not needed.

Rationale:

• MacOS 12 does not introduce any (glaring) new incompatibilities, so those versions should technically run in it as well -- the reason for the error is the new compiler rather than the OS.
• Users have reported that they try to use a multitude of those versions in MacOS 12

Tests

• My PR adds the following unit tests (if any)
  N/A