Pass concrete types to promql functions by darshanime · Pull Request #16797 · prometheus/prometheus

darshanime · 2025-06-29T08:35:20Z

Currently, the promql functions take the interface slice []parser.Value as an argument, which is being implemented by the conrete types Vector, Matrix etc. This PR replaces the interface with the concrete types, resulting in improved performance (see benchmark below). The inspiration for this PR came from #16698 which does this for binops. I extended the idea to all promql functions

benchmarking results

$ go test -timeout=50m -bench=BenchmarkRangeQuery -run=- -count 4 | tee main
$ go test -timeout=50m -bench=BenchmarkRangeQuery -run=- -count 4 | tee changed
$ benchstat main changed
goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: github.com/prometheus/prometheus/promql
cpu: Apple M4 Max
                                                                                                          │     main      │               changed               │
                                                                                                          │    sec/op     │    sec/op     vs base               │
RangeQuery/expr=a_one,steps=1-14                                                                             4.563µ ± ∞ ¹   4.546µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one,steps=100-14                                                                           7.164µ ± ∞ ¹   7.282µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.65% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one,steps=1000-14                                                                          25.29µ ± ∞ ¹   25.75µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.82% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten,steps=1-14                                                                             15.99µ ± ∞ ¹   16.15µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten,steps=100-14                                                                           41.95µ ± ∞ ¹   41.80µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten,steps=1000-14                                                                          221.0µ ± ∞ ¹   221.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred,steps=1-14                                                                         138.0µ ± ∞ ¹   138.5µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred,steps=100-14                                                                       397.0µ ± ∞ ¹   393.3µ ± ∞ ¹   -0.92% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred,steps=1000-14                                                                      2.171m ± ∞ ¹   2.176m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=1-14                                                                   6.764µ ± ∞ ¹   6.818µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=100-14                                                                 13.11µ ± ∞ ¹   13.25µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.05% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=1000-14                                                                62.32µ ± ∞ ¹   62.81µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=1-14                                                                   19.89µ ± ∞ ¹   20.14µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.229 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=100-14                                                                 85.23µ ± ∞ ¹   83.99µ ± ∞ ¹   -1.45% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=1000-14                                                                590.9µ ± ∞ ¹   587.9µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=1-14                                                               160.7µ ± ∞ ¹   162.8µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=100-14                                                             799.1µ ± ∞ ¹   803.1µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=1000-14                                                            5.844m ± ∞ ¹   5.819m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                               606.8µ ± ∞ ¹   607.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                               6.130m ± ∞ ¹   6.101m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                           61.63m ± ∞ ¹   61.06m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(sparse[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                              3.916m ± ∞ ¹   4.023m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_one[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1-14                                 329.8µ ± ∞ ¹   333.3µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_one[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=100-14                               3.773m ± ∞ ¹   3.675m ± ∞ ¹   -2.59% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_one[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1000-14                              34.47m ± ∞ ¹   35.28m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_ten[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1-14                                 2.702m ± ∞ ¹   2.715m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_ten[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=100-14                               36.19m ± ∞ ¹   36.51m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_ten[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1000-14                              342.3m ± ∞ ¹   340.1m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_hundred[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1-14                             26.22m ± ∞ ¹   26.47m ± ∞ ¹   +0.93% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_hundred[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=100-14                           361.2m ± ∞ ¹   359.1m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_hundred[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1000-14                           3.426 ± ∞ ¹    3.411 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_one[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                260.2µ ± ∞ ¹   258.9µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_one[1d]),steps=100-14                                                              1.711m ± ∞ ¹   1.719m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_one[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                             14.87m ± ∞ ¹   14.83m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_ten[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                2.248m ± ∞ ¹   2.244m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_ten[1d]),steps=100-14                                                              16.77m ± ∞ ¹   15.93m ± ∞ ¹   -4.97% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_ten[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                             148.3m ± ∞ ¹   146.2m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1-14                                                            21.84m ± ∞ ¹   21.61m ± ∞ ¹   -1.06% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_hundred[1d]),steps=100-14                                                          167.3m ± ∞ ¹   152.0m ± ∞ ¹   -9.15% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                          1.493 ± ∞ ¹    1.375 ± ∞ ¹   -7.90% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                   237.9µ ± ∞ ¹   238.7µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1d]),steps=100-14                                                                 601.7µ ± ∞ ¹   614.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                                3.980m ± ∞ ¹   4.121m ± ∞ ¹   +3.54% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                   2.020m ± ∞ ¹   2.015m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1d]),steps=100-14                                                                 5.695m ± ∞ ¹   5.708m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                                39.92m ± ∞ ¹   40.53m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1-14                                                               19.77m ± ∞ ¹   19.87m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1d]),steps=100-14                                                             56.53m ± ∞ ¹   57.31m ± ∞ ¹   +1.38% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                            393.3m ± ∞ ¹   405.1m ± ∞ ¹   +2.99% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_one[1d]),steps=1-14                                                       236.1µ ± ∞ ¹   234.3µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_one[1d]),steps=100-14                                                     387.1µ ± ∞ ¹   384.4µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_one[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                    1.742m ± ∞ ¹   1.722m ± ∞ ¹   -1.15% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_ten[1d]),steps=1-14                                                       1.994m ± ∞ ¹   1.979m ± ∞ ¹   -0.78% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_ten[1d]),steps=100-14                                                     3.505m ± ∞ ¹   3.512m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_ten[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                    16.79m ± ∞ ¹   16.89m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1-14                                                   19.43m ± ∞ ¹   19.34m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_hundred[1d]),steps=100-14                                                 34.68m ± ∞ ¹   34.97m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                168.5m ± ∞ ¹   167.8m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_one,steps=1-14                                                                            5.430µ ± ∞ ¹   5.395µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_one,steps=100-14                                                                          8.073µ ± ∞ ¹   8.089µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_one,steps=1000-14                                                                         26.95µ ± ∞ ¹   26.65µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_ten,steps=1-14                                                                            17.58µ ± ∞ ¹   17.47µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_ten,steps=100-14                                                                          43.75µ ± ∞ ¹   43.63µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_ten,steps=1000-14                                                                         227.6µ ± ∞ ¹   230.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_hundred,steps=1-14                                                                        141.9µ ± ∞ ¹   142.2µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_hundred,steps=100-14                                                                      411.4µ ± ∞ ¹   404.6µ ± ∞ ¹   -1.66% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_hundred,steps=1000-14                                                                     2.252m ± ∞ ¹   2.227m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=1-14                                                                     9.716µ ± ∞ ¹   9.376µ ± ∞ ¹   -3.50% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=100-14                                                                   30.63µ ± ∞ ¹   26.67µ ± ∞ ¹  -12.92% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=1000-14                                                                  208.0µ ± ∞ ¹   172.6µ ± ∞ ¹  -16.99% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=1-14                                                                     40.75µ ± ∞ ¹   38.35µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=100-14                                                                   232.3µ ± ∞ ¹   223.3µ ± ∞ ¹   -3.89% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=1000-14                                                                  1.861m ± ∞ ¹   1.778m ± ∞ ¹   -4.46% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=1-14                                                             344.4µ ± ∞ ¹   336.7µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.23% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=100-14                                                           2.621m ± ∞ ¹   2.592m ± ∞ ¹   -1.14% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=1000-14                                                          22.33m ± ∞ ¹   22.19m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=10000-14                                                                 2.056m ± ∞ ¹   1.696m ± ∞ ¹  -17.49% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=10000-14                                                                 18.77m ± ∞ ¹   18.35m ± ∞ ¹   -2.22% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=10000-14                                                         225.7m ± ∞ ¹   224.6m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                    13.71µ ± ∞ ¹   13.74µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                  22.44µ ± ∞ ¹   18.67µ ± ∞ ¹  -16.78% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                 86.94µ ± ∞ ¹   55.80µ ± ∞ ¹  -35.82% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                    34.89µ ± ∞ ¹   35.57µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                  114.8µ ± ∞ ¹   110.7µ ± ∞ ¹   -3.51% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                 743.1µ ± ∞ ¹   713.7µ ± ∞ ¹   -3.96% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                            238.4µ ± ∞ ¹   240.3µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                          1.235m ± ∞ ¹   1.225m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                         9.544m ± ∞ ¹   9.351m ± ∞ ¹   -2.01% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_or_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                     13.96µ ± ∞ ¹   13.84µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_or_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                   25.14µ ± ∞ ¹   21.83µ ± ∞ ¹  -13.17% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_or_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                 116.25µ ± ∞ ¹   85.47µ ± ∞ ¹  -26.47% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_or_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                     35.99µ ± ∞ ¹   35.84µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_or_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                   141.1µ ± ∞ ¹   137.4µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.65% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_or_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                  992.9µ ± ∞ ¹   972.1µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.10% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_or_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                             253.0µ ± ∞ ¹   254.5µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_or_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                           1.490m ± ∞ ¹   1.516m ± ∞ ¹   +1.76% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_or_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                          12.11m ± ∞ ¹   11.90m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_unless_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                 14.00µ ± ∞ ¹   13.92µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_unless_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                               25.17µ ± ∞ ¹   21.54µ ± ∞ ¹  -14.42% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_unless_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                             114.81µ ± ∞ ¹   84.64µ ± ∞ ¹  -26.27% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_unless_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                 35.49µ ± ∞ ¹   35.57µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_unless_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                               115.3µ ± ∞ ¹   111.0µ ± ∞ ¹   -3.75% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_unless_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                              747.6µ ± ∞ ¹   711.6µ ± ∞ ¹   -4.81% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_unless_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                         238.3µ ± ∞ ¹   238.1µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_unless_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                       1.233m ± ∞ ¹   1.243m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_unless_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                      9.524m ± ∞ ¹   9.618m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l='notfound'},steps=1-14                                                     7.939µ ± ∞ ¹   7.872µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l='notfound'},steps=100-14                                                   15.91µ ± ∞ ¹   12.66µ ± ∞ ¹  -20.39% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l='notfound'},steps=1000-14                                                  80.23µ ± ∞ ¹   49.13µ ± ∞ ¹  -38.76% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l='notfound'},steps=1-14                                                     20.79µ ± ∞ ¹   20.24µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.60% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l='notfound'},steps=100-14                                                   56.84µ ± ∞ ¹   53.35µ ± ∞ ¹   -6.15% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l='notfound'},steps=1000-14                                                  326.1µ ± ∞ ¹   293.3µ ± ∞ ¹  -10.06% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l='notfound'},steps=1-14                                             143.3µ ± ∞ ¹   140.1µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.21% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l='notfound'},steps=100-14                                           465.0µ ± ∞ ¹   455.3µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.08% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l='notfound'},steps=1000-14                                          2.814m ± ∞ ¹   2.777m ± ∞ ¹   -1.33% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                        6.081µ ± ∞ ¹   6.018µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.086 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                      14.98µ ± ∞ ¹   12.66µ ± ∞ ¹  -15.46% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                     87.32µ ± ∞ ¹   67.24µ ± ∞ ¹  -23.00% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                        19.67µ ± ∞ ¹   19.32µ ± ∞ ¹   -1.75% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                      80.66µ ± ∞ ¹   77.78µ ± ∞ ¹   -3.57% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                     576.2µ ± ∞ ¹   551.5µ ± ∞ ¹   -4.29% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                    158.8µ ± ∞ ¹   156.6µ ± ∞ ¹   -1.39% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                                  795.1µ ± ∞ ¹   777.4µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.23% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                                 5.968m ± ∞ ¹   5.916m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_one,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1-14                                     10.31µ ± ∞ ¹   10.38µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_one,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=100-14                                   13.22µ ± ∞ ¹   12.86µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.73% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_one,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1000-14                                  31.40µ ± ∞ ¹   31.48µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_ten,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1-14                                     24.39µ ± ∞ ¹   23.78µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_ten,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=100-14                                   52.82µ ± ∞ ¹   49.27µ ± ∞ ¹   -6.72% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_ten,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1000-14                                  232.6µ ± ∞ ¹   231.4µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_hundred,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1-14                                 165.6µ ± ∞ ¹   162.1µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_hundred,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=100-14                               425.4µ ± ∞ ¹   424.3µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_hundred,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1000-14                              2.210m ± ∞ ¹   2.203m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_one,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1-14                                            8.745µ ± ∞ ¹   8.754µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_one,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=100-14                                          11.34µ ± ∞ ¹   11.33µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_one,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1000-14                                         29.61µ ± ∞ ¹   29.79µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_ten,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1-14                                            21.67µ ± ∞ ¹   21.62µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_ten,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=100-14                                          47.99µ ± ∞ ¹   47.85µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_ten,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1000-14                                         227.4µ ± ∞ ¹   230.7µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.47% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_hundred,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1-14                                        154.9µ ± ∞ ¹   155.7µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_hundred,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=100-14                                      414.3µ ± ∞ ¹   416.2µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_hundred,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1000-14                                     2.192m ± ∞ ¹   2.239m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                        5.819µ ± ∞ ¹   5.914µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.63% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                      10.22µ ± ∞ ¹   10.24µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                     43.86µ ± ∞ ¹   44.68µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.87% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                        17.85µ ± ∞ ¹   17.81µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                      47.61µ ± ∞ ¹   48.12µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                     271.2µ ± ∞ ¹   266.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                    139.5µ ± ∞ ¹   136.5µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                                  427.0µ ± ∞ ¹   426.8µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                                 2.493m ± ∞ ¹   2.598m ± ∞ ¹   +4.19% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                        5.833µ ± ∞ ¹   5.922µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                      10.27µ ± ∞ ¹   10.41µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                     44.54µ ± ∞ ¹   45.23µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                        17.60µ ± ∞ ¹   17.80µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.14% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                      48.63µ ± ∞ ¹   48.04µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                     273.4µ ± ∞ ¹   267.5µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.13% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                    135.8µ ± ∞ ¹   137.6µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                                  430.4µ ± ∞ ¹   429.4µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                                 2.540m ± ∞ ¹   2.526m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                            22.26µ ± ∞ ¹   21.88µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                          60.67µ ± ∞ ¹   60.16µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                         350.0µ ± ∞ ¹   348.7µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                            151.4µ ± ∞ ¹   150.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                          472.7µ ± ∞ ¹   469.3µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                         2.733m ± ∞ ¹   2.764m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                        1.442m ± ∞ ¹   1.469m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                      4.612m ± ∞ ¹   4.759m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                     27.63m ± ∞ ¹   28.28m ± ∞ ¹   +2.34% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                           19.57µ ± ∞ ¹   20.01µ ± ∞ ¹   +2.24% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                         52.47µ ± ∞ ¹   52.76µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                        288.0µ ± ∞ ¹   287.1µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                           150.5µ ± ∞ ¹   153.2µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                         468.8µ ± ∞ ¹   473.9µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                        2.754m ± ∞ ¹   2.754m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                       1.446m ± ∞ ¹   1.486m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                     4.675m ± ∞ ¹   4.669m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                    28.51m ± ∞ ¹   29.03m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                                 19.46µ ± ∞ ¹   19.56µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                               51.90µ ± ∞ ¹   52.67µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                              285.2µ ± ∞ ¹   286.6µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                                 149.2µ ± ∞ ¹   150.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                               470.0µ ± ∞ ¹   470.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                              2.740m ± ∞ ¹   2.745m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                             1.432m ± ∞ ¹   1.442m ± ∞ ¹   +0.68% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                           4.642m ± ∞ ¹   4.804m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                          28.59m ± ∞ ¹   29.45m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                                21.77µ ± ∞ ¹   21.83µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                              60.22µ ± ∞ ¹   60.33µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                             345.7µ ± ∞ ¹   349.1µ ± ∞ ¹   +0.97% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                                150.7µ ± ∞ ¹   151.2µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                              474.3µ ± ∞ ¹   466.8µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                             2.728m ± ∞ ¹   2.786m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                            1.439m ± ∞ ¹   1.438m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                          4.591m ± ∞ ¹   4.555m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                         27.58m ± ∞ ¹   27.76m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count_values('value',_h_one),steps=100-14                                                    668.6µ ± ∞ ¹   671.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count_values('value',_h_ten),steps=100-14                                                    8.042m ± ∞ ¹   8.308m ± ∞ ¹   +3.30% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count_values('value',_h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                92.68m ± ∞ ¹   96.75m ± ∞ ¹   +4.39% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                    6.935µ ± ∞ ¹   7.064µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.87% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                  22.70µ ± ∞ ¹   22.67µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                 153.0µ ± ∞ ¹   152.7µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                    19.25µ ± ∞ ¹   19.12µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                  63.92µ ± ∞ ¹   63.55µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.314 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                 411.3µ ± ∞ ¹   406.8µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                137.4µ ± ∞ ¹   137.1µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                              454.0µ ± ∞ ¹   452.7µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                             2.772m ± ∞ ¹   2.749m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                    6.934µ ± ∞ ¹   6.968µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                  22.60µ ± ∞ ¹   22.40µ ± ∞ ¹   -0.85% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                 153.5µ ± ∞ ¹   153.6µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                    20.32µ ± ∞ ¹   20.17µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                  93.72µ ± ∞ ¹   92.84µ ± ∞ ¹   -0.93% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                 700.9µ ± ∞ ¹   693.6µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                141.9µ ± ∞ ¹   140.6µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                              598.4µ ± ∞ ¹   595.5µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                             4.205m ± ∞ ¹   4.202m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                  6.998µ ± ∞ ¹   6.953µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                21.99µ ± ∞ ¹   22.06µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                               148.4µ ± ∞ ¹   148.5µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                  19.04µ ± ∞ ¹   19.07µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                60.13µ ± ∞ ¹   60.10µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                               374.0µ ± ∞ ¹   378.4µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.18% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                              136.3µ ± ∞ ¹   136.8µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                            422.1µ ± ∞ ¹   418.6µ ± ∞ ¹   -0.83% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                           2.420m ± ∞ ¹   2.410m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                  6.969µ ± ∞ ¹   6.956µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                21.97µ ± ∞ ¹   21.95µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                               149.1µ ± ∞ ¹   148.8µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                  19.67µ ± ∞ ¹   19.74µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                75.17µ ± ∞ ¹   74.25µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                               508.3µ ± ∞ ¹   507.9µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                              137.8µ ± ∞ ¹   137.4µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                            435.7µ ± ∞ ¹   435.3µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                           2.564m ± ∞ ¹   2.569m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                           6.903µ ± ∞ ¹   7.000µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.41% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                         19.12µ ± ∞ ¹   18.82µ ± ∞ ¹   -1.61% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                        118.0µ ± ∞ ¹   117.1µ ± ∞ ¹   -0.76% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                           19.74µ ± ∞ ¹   19.68µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                         74.36µ ± ∞ ¹   74.02µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                        511.6µ ± ∞ ¹   505.9µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                       141.8µ ± ∞ ¹   140.3µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                     568.9µ ± ∞ ¹   564.4µ ± ∞ ¹   -0.79% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                    3.856m ± ∞ ¹   3.832m ± ∞ ¹   -0.63% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                           6.937µ ± ∞ ¹   7.032µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.36% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                         18.82µ ± ∞ ¹   18.88µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                        118.1µ ± ∞ ¹   117.2µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                           20.52µ ± ∞ ¹   20.43µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                         96.59µ ± ∞ ¹   95.41µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                        718.0µ ± ∞ ¹   709.4µ ± ∞ ¹   -1.19% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                       152.7µ ± ∞ ¹   152.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                     785.9µ ± ∞ ¹   786.6µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                    5.978m ± ∞ ¹   5.911m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                          7.216µ ± ∞ ¹   7.287µ ± ∞ ¹   +0.99% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                        23.96µ ± ∞ ¹   23.96µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                       165.3µ ± ∞ ¹   165.8µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                          20.14µ ± ∞ ¹   20.13µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.400 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                        84.35µ ± ∞ ¹   84.26µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                       604.4µ ± ∞ ¹   603.1µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                      154.0µ ± ∞ ¹   154.3µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                    818.1µ ± ∞ ¹   810.7µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                   6.165m ± ∞ ¹   6.249m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m])_+_rate(b_one[1m]),steps=1-14                                                 13.91µ ± ∞ ¹   13.75µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m])_+_rate(b_one[1m]),steps=100-14                                               41.94µ ± ∞ ¹   38.06µ ± ∞ ¹   -9.25% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m])_+_rate(b_one[1m]),steps=1000-14                                              278.2µ ± ∞ ¹   240.8µ ± ∞ ¹  -13.45% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m])_+_rate(b_ten[1m]),steps=1-14                                                 46.64µ ± ∞ ¹   46.21µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m])_+_rate(b_ten[1m]),steps=100-14                                               313.1µ ± ∞ ¹   305.2µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.53% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m])_+_rate(b_ten[1m]),steps=1000-14                                              2.530m ± ∞ ¹   2.475m ± ∞ ¹   -2.15% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m])_+_rate(b_hundred[1m]),steps=1-14                                         382.9µ ± ∞ ¹   380.6µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m])_+_rate(b_hundred[1m]),steps=100-14                                       3.372m ± ∞ ¹   3.354m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m])_+_rate(b_hundred[1m]),steps=1000-14                                      29.34m ± ∞ ¹   28.90m ± ∞ ¹   -1.49% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m])),steps=1-14                                                  8.816µ ± ∞ ¹   8.709µ ± ∞ ¹   -1.22% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m])),steps=100-14                                                17.85µ ± ∞ ¹   16.84µ ± ∞ ¹   -5.69% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m])),steps=1000-14                                               84.26µ ± ∞ ¹   81.77µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m])),steps=1-14                                                  22.85µ ± ∞ ¹   22.48µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m])),steps=100-14                                                90.99µ ± ∞ ¹   89.66µ ± ∞ ¹   -1.46% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m])),steps=1000-14                                               663.2µ ± ∞ ¹   628.4µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m])),steps=1-14                                              160.6µ ± ∞ ¹   160.0µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m])),steps=100-14                                            830.2µ ± ∞ ¹   821.0µ ± ∞ ¹   -1.11% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m])),steps=1000-14                                           6.153m ± ∞ ¹   6.086m ± ∞ ¹   -1.09% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_one[1m])),steps=1-14               17.76µ ± ∞ ¹   17.29µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.63% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_one[1m])),steps=100-14             49.68µ ± ∞ ¹   45.54µ ± ∞ ¹   -8.33% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_one[1m])),steps=1000-14            316.9µ ± ∞ ¹   279.7µ ± ∞ ¹  -11.75% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_ten[1m])),steps=1-14               50.40µ ± ∞ ¹   45.24µ ± ∞ ¹  -10.25% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_ten[1m])),steps=100-14             198.1µ ± ∞ ¹   191.4µ ± ∞ ¹   -3.38% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_ten[1m])),steps=1000-14            1.532m ± ∞ ¹   1.362m ± ∞ ¹  -11.12% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_hundred[1m])),steps=1-14       331.7µ ± ∞ ¹   318.6µ ± ∞ ¹   -3.94% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_hundred[1m])),steps=100-14     1.774m ± ∞ ¹   1.652m ± ∞ ¹   -6.87% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_hundred[1m])),steps=1000-14    13.55m ± ∞ ¹   12.26m ± ∞ ¹   -9.51% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_one[5m])),steps=1-14                                          30.60µ ± ∞ ¹   30.37µ ± ∞ ¹   -0.74% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_one[5m])),steps=100-14                                        160.1µ ± ∞ ¹   153.2µ ± ∞ ¹   -4.31% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_one[5m])),steps=1000-14                                       1.241m ± ∞ ¹   1.187m ± ∞ ¹   -4.34% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_ten[5m])),steps=1-14                                          225.1µ ± ∞ ¹   225.6µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_ten[5m])),steps=100-14                                        1.518m ± ∞ ¹   1.503m ± ∞ ¹   -0.96% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_ten[5m])),steps=1000-14                                       12.52m ± ∞ ¹   12.30m ± ∞ ¹   -1.77% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_hundred[5m])),steps=1-14                                      2.186m ± ∞ ¹   2.170m ± ∞ ¹   -0.76% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_hundred[5m])),steps=100-14                                    15.67m ± ∞ ¹   15.41m ± ∞ ¹   -1.67% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_hundred[5m])),steps=1000-14                                   130.6m ± ∞ ¹   129.5m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1-14                                                   10.46µ ± ∞ ¹   10.22µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.26% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=100-14                                                 35.56µ ± ∞ ¹   31.82µ ± ∞ ¹  -10.52% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1000-14                                                246.1µ ± ∞ ¹   214.6µ ± ∞ ¹  -12.80% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1-14                                                   25.07µ ± ∞ ¹   22.86µ ± ∞ ¹   -8.80% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=100-14                                                 89.78µ ± ∞ ¹   83.31µ ± ∞ ¹   -7.20% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1000-14                                                605.7µ ± ∞ ¹   566.1µ ± ∞ ¹   -6.54% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1-14                                               155.0µ ± ∞ ¹   152.6µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=100-14                                             834.1µ ± ∞ ¹   822.4µ ± ∞ ¹   -1.40% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1000-14                                            6.350m ± ∞ ¹   6.254m ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count({__name__!=""}),steps=1-14                                                             1.853m ± ∞ ¹   1.833m ± ∞ ¹   -1.11% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count({__name__!="",l=""}),steps=1-14                                                        73.01µ ± ∞ ¹   74.40µ ± ∞ ¹   +1.91% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                  5.789µ ± ∞ ¹   5.745µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                17.37µ ± ∞ ¹   16.26µ ± ∞ ¹   -6.40% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                               113.9µ ± ∞ ¹   103.3µ ± ∞ ¹   -9.29% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                  19.78µ ± ∞ ¹   19.60µ ± ∞ ¹   -0.91% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                85.61µ ± ∞ ¹   82.67µ ± ∞ ¹   -3.44% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                               618.9µ ± ∞ ¹   595.3µ ± ∞ ¹   -3.81% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                              166.1µ ± ∞ ¹   164.7µ ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                            790.7µ ± ∞ ¹   769.6µ ± ∞ ¹   -2.67% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                           5.911m ± ∞ ¹   5.769m ± ∞ ¹   -2.39% (p=0.029 n=4)
geomean                                                                                                      320.8µ         314.5µ         -1.96%
¹ need >= 6 samples for confidence interval at level 0.95

                                                                                                          │      main      │                changed                 │
                                                                                                          │      B/op      │     B/op       vs base                 │
RangeQuery/expr=a_one,steps=1-14                                                                             5.639Ki ± ∞ ¹   5.639Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one,steps=100-14                                                                           5.985Ki ± ∞ ¹   5.985Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.571 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one,steps=1000-14                                                                          9.622Ki ± ∞ ¹   9.624Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.371 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten,steps=1-14                                                                             9.176Ki ± ∞ ¹   9.175Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.371 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten,steps=100-14                                                                           11.91Ki ± ∞ ¹   11.91Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.971 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten,steps=1000-14                                                                          37.79Ki ± ∞ ¹   37.79Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.629 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred,steps=1-14                                                                         44.33Ki ± ∞ ¹   44.35Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred,steps=100-14                                                                       70.14Ki ± ∞ ¹   70.15Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred,steps=1000-14                                                                      311.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   311.8Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=1-14                                                                   8.415Ki ± ∞ ¹   8.399Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.19% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=100-14                                                                 8.762Ki ± ∞ ¹   8.747Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.17% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=1000-14                                                                12.11Ki ± ∞ ¹   12.10Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.13% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=1-14                                                                   13.94Ki ± ∞ ¹   13.92Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.12% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=100-14                                                                 16.68Ki ± ∞ ¹   16.66Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.09% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=1000-14                                                                39.74Ki ± ∞ ¹   39.72Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.05% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=1-14                                                               68.81Ki ± ∞ ¹   68.79Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.03% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=100-14                                                             94.65Ki ± ∞ ¹   94.65Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=1000-14                                                            309.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   309.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                               53.41Ki ± ∞ ¹   53.40Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                               294.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   295.7Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                           2.560Mi ± ∞ ¹   2.573Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(sparse[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                              41.32Ki ± ∞ ¹   41.32Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_one[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1-14                                 1.019Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.020Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_one[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=100-14                               1.022Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.022Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_one[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1000-14                              1.044Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.044Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_ten[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1-14                                 1.216Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.216Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_ten[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=100-14                               1.212Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.212Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_ten[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1000-14                              1.235Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.235Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_hundred[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1-14                             3.119Mi ± ∞ ¹   3.119Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_hundred[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=100-14                           3.142Mi ± ∞ ¹   3.143Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_hundred[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1000-14                          3.371Mi ± ∞ ¹   3.369Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_one[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                562.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   564.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_one[1d]),steps=100-14                                                              552.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   551.7Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_one[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                             564.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   564.0Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_ten[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                754.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   755.7Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_ten[1d]),steps=100-14                                                              757.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   757.9Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_ten[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                             845.8Ki ± ∞ ¹   845.6Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1-14                                                            2.657Mi ± ∞ ¹   2.657Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_hundred[1d]),steps=100-14                                                          2.738Mi ± ∞ ¹   2.725Mi ± ∞ ¹   -0.45% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                         3.334Mi ± ∞ ¹   3.335Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.629 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                   564.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   565.4Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1d]),steps=100-14                                                                 558.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   557.5Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                                561.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   562.4Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                   756.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   758.2Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1d]),steps=100-14                                                                 764.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   758.8Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                                797.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   797.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1-14                                                               2.681Mi ± ∞ ¹   2.666Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1d]),steps=100-14                                                             2.713Mi ± ∞ ¹   2.702Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                            3.042Mi ± ∞ ¹   3.042Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_one[1d]),steps=1-14                                                       565.7Ki ± ∞ ¹   567.7Ki ± ∞ ¹   +0.36% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_one[1d]),steps=100-14                                                     563.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   563.5Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_one[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                    575.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   575.7Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_ten[1d]),steps=1-14                                                       754.0Ki ± ∞ ¹   758.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   +0.59% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_ten[1d]),steps=100-14                                                     772.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   772.3Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_ten[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                    949.0Ki ± ∞ ¹   945.5Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1-14                                                   2.649Mi ± ∞ ¹   2.649Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_hundred[1d]),steps=100-14                                                 2.847Mi ± ∞ ¹   2.840Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                4.471Mi ± ∞ ¹   4.470Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_one,steps=1-14                                                                            6.319Ki ± ∞ ¹   6.319Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_one,steps=100-14                                                                          6.665Ki ± ∞ ¹   6.666Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_one,steps=1000-14                                                                         10.30Ki ± ∞ ¹   10.30Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_ten,steps=1-14                                                                            10.01Ki ± ∞ ¹   10.01Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_ten,steps=100-14                                                                          12.75Ki ± ∞ ¹   12.75Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.400 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_ten,steps=1000-14                                                                         38.63Ki ± ∞ ¹   38.64Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_hundred,steps=1-14                                                                        46.59Ki ± ∞ ¹   46.59Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.914 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_hundred,steps=100-14                                                                      72.45Ki ± ∞ ¹   72.45Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_hundred,steps=1000-14                                                                     314.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   314.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=1-14                                                                     12.38Ki ± ∞ ¹   12.30Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.63% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=100-14                                                                   17.72Ki ± ∞ ¹   12.99Ki ± ∞ ¹  -26.66% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=1000-14                                                                  67.21Ki ± ∞ ¹   20.25Ki ± ∞ ¹  -69.87% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=1-14                                                                     27.49Ki ± ∞ ¹   27.42Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.28% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=100-14                                                                   39.25Ki ± ∞ ¹   34.51Ki ± ∞ ¹  -12.08% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=1000-14                                                                  148.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   101.0Ki ± ∞ ¹  -31.77% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=1-14                                                             191.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   191.0Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=100-14                                                           353.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   348.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   -1.44% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=1000-14                                                          1.796Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.749Mi ± ∞ ¹   -2.61% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=10000-14                                                                 572.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   102.0Ki ± ∞ ¹  -82.17% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=10000-14                                                                1225.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   751.7Ki ± ∞ ¹  -38.66% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=10000-14                                                         16.06Mi ± ∞ ¹   15.63Mi ± ∞ ¹   -2.71% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                    21.39Ki ± ∞ ¹   21.32Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.37% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                  26.39Ki ± ∞ ¹   21.67Ki ± ∞ ¹  -17.90% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                 72.28Ki ± ∞ ¹   25.31Ki ± ∞ ¹  -64.99% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                    31.77Ki ± ∞ ¹   31.69Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.23% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                  40.56Ki ± ∞ ¹   35.84Ki ± ∞ ¹  -11.65% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                122.17Ki ± ∞ ¹   75.22Ki ± ∞ ¹  -38.43% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                            130.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   130.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.05% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                          420.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   416.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   -1.08% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                         2.995Mi ± ∞ ¹   2.949Mi ± ∞ ¹   -1.53% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_or_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                     21.47Ki ± ∞ ¹   21.39Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.36% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_or_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                   26.47Ki ± ∞ ¹   21.75Ki ± ∞ ¹  -17.85% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_or_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                  72.36Ki ± ∞ ¹   25.38Ki ± ∞ ¹  -64.92% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_or_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                     32.73Ki ± ∞ ¹   32.65Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.23% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_or_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                   69.70Ki ± ∞ ¹   64.98Ki ± ∞ ¹   -6.78% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_or_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                  407.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   360.4Ki ± ∞ ¹  -11.52% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_or_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                             141.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   141.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.05% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_or_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                           710.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   705.7Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.66% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_or_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                          5.748Mi ± ∞ ¹   5.703Mi ± ∞ ¹   -0.79% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_unless_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                 21.50Ki ± ∞ ¹   21.42Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.36% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_unless_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                               26.49Ki ± ∞ ¹   21.77Ki ± ∞ ¹  -17.83% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_unless_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                              72.38Ki ± ∞ ¹   25.41Ki ± ∞ ¹  -64.90% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_unless_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                 31.79Ki ± ∞ ¹   31.71Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.24% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_unless_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                               40.58Ki ± ∞ ¹   35.86Ki ± ∞ ¹  -11.64% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_unless_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                             122.18Ki ± ∞ ¹   75.23Ki ± ∞ ¹  -38.43% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_unless_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                         131.0Ki ± ∞ ¹   130.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.07% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_unless_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                       421.0Ki ± ∞ ¹   416.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   -1.11% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_unless_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                      2.995Mi ± ∞ ¹   2.949Mi ± ∞ ¹   -1.53% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l='notfound'},steps=1-14                                                     10.09Ki ± ∞ ¹   10.01Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.76% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l='notfound'},steps=100-14                                                   15.08Ki ± ∞ ¹   10.36Ki ± ∞ ¹  -31.32% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l='notfound'},steps=1000-14                                                  60.96Ki ± ∞ ¹   13.99Ki ± ∞ ¹  -77.05% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l='notfound'},steps=1-14                                                     16.97Ki ± ∞ ¹   16.89Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.46% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l='notfound'},steps=100-14                                                   24.36Ki ± ∞ ¹   19.63Ki ± ∞ ¹  -19.39% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l='notfound'},steps=1000-14                                                  92.46Ki ± ∞ ¹   45.51Ki ± ∞ ¹  -50.78% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l='notfound'},steps=1-14                                             82.13Ki ± ∞ ¹   82.06Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.10% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l='notfound'},steps=100-14                                           112.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   107.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   -4.20% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l='notfound'},steps=1000-14                                          396.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   349.6Ki ± ∞ ¹  -11.84% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                        7.007Ki ± ∞ ¹   6.968Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.56% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                      9.677Ki ± ∞ ¹   7.314Ki ± ∞ ¹  -24.41% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                     34.43Ki ± ∞ ¹   10.95Ki ± ∞ ¹  -68.20% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                        14.25Ki ± ∞ ¹   14.21Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.27% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                      19.31Ki ± ∞ ¹   16.95Ki ± ∞ ¹  -12.22% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                     66.31Ki ± ∞ ¹   42.82Ki ± ∞ ¹  -35.41% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                    84.42Ki ± ∞ ¹   84.36Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                                  112.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   110.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   -2.08% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                                 375.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   352.0Ki ± ∞ ¹   -6.25% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_one,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1-14                                     12.54Ki ± ∞ ¹   12.54Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.143 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_one,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=100-14                                   12.89Ki ± ∞ ¹   12.89Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_one,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1000-14                                  16.53Ki ± ∞ ¹   16.53Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.971 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_ten,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1-14                                     16.81Ki ± ∞ ¹   16.81Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.286 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_ten,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=100-14                                   19.55Ki ± ∞ ¹   19.55Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_ten,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1000-14                                  45.44Ki ± ∞ ¹   45.43Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.400 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_hundred,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1-14                                 60.56Ki ± ∞ ¹   60.57Ki ± ∞ ¹   +0.02% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_hundred,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=100-14                               86.43Ki ± ∞ ¹   86.44Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_hundred,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1000-14                              328.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   328.2Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_one,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1-14                                            9.759Ki ± ∞ ¹   9.759Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_one,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=100-14                                          10.11Ki ± ∞ ¹   10.11Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.143 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_one,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1000-14                                         13.75Ki ± ∞ ¹   13.75Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.743 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_ten,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1-14                                            13.81Ki ± ∞ ¹   13.81Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.286 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_ten,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=100-14                                          16.55Ki ± ∞ ¹   16.55Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.629 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_ten,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1000-14                                         42.44Ki ± ∞ ¹   42.43Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.229 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_hundred,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1-14                                        55.34Ki ± ∞ ¹   55.34Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_hundred,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=100-14                                      81.20Ki ± ∞ ¹   81.21Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_hundred,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1000-14                                     322.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   322.9Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.400 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                        7.093Ki ± ∞ ¹   7.093Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                      7.440Ki ± ∞ ¹   7.440Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.286 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                     11.08Ki ± ∞ ¹   11.07Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.514 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                        11.36Ki ± ∞ ¹   11.36Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.657 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                      14.10Ki ± ∞ ¹   14.10Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                     39.99Ki ± ∞ ¹   39.98Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                    54.56Ki ± ∞ ¹   54.55Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.400 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                                  80.43Ki ± ∞ ¹   80.42Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                                 322.0Ki ± ∞ ¹   322.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   +0.04% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                        7.094Ki ± ∞ ¹   7.094Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                      7.439Ki ± ∞ ¹   7.440Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                     11.08Ki ± ∞ ¹   11.08Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                        11.36Ki ± ∞ ¹   11.36Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.286 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                      14.10Ki ± ∞ ¹   14.11Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.143 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                     39.98Ki ± ∞ ¹   39.99Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.229 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                    54.55Ki ± ∞ ¹   54.55Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.800 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                                  80.42Ki ± ∞ ¹   80.42Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                                 322.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   322.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                            15.72Ki ± ∞ ¹   15.72Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.714 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                          18.73Ki ± ∞ ¹   18.73Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.800 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                         47.07Ki ± ∞ ¹   47.07Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.800 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                            61.00Ki ± ∞ ¹   61.01Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                          90.34Ki ± ∞ ¹   90.35Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                         363.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   363.4Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                        534.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   534.3Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                      818.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   819.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                     3.384Mi ± ∞ ¹   3.386Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                           12.11Ki ± ∞ ¹   12.11Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                         15.11Ki ± ∞ ¹   15.11Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                        43.46Ki ± ∞ ¹   43.46Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.229 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                           60.85Ki ± ∞ ¹   60.86Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.743 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                         90.20Ki ± ∞ ¹   90.20Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                        363.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   363.2Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                       568.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   568.2Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                     852.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   852.6Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                    3.417Mi ± ∞ ¹   3.417Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                                 12.06Ki ± ∞ ¹   12.06Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.571 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                               15.07Ki ± ∞ ¹   15.07Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.600 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                              43.42Ki ± ∞ ¹   43.42Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.657 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                                 60.81Ki ± ∞ ¹   60.81Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                               90.15Ki ± ∞ ¹   90.14Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.629 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                              363.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   363.2Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                             568.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   568.0Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                           852.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   852.6Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                          3.418Mi ± ∞ ¹   3.420Mi ± ∞ ¹   +0.07% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                                15.70Ki ± ∞ ¹   15.70Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.771 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                              18.71Ki ± ∞ ¹   18.71Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.457 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                             47.06Ki ± ∞ ¹   47.06Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                                60.99Ki ± ∞ ¹   60.99Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.314 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                              90.33Ki ± ∞ ¹   90.32Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                             363.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   363.3Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.971 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                            534.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   534.3Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                          818.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   818.6Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                         3.384Mi ± ∞ ¹   3.385Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count_values('value',_h_one),steps=100-14                                                    733.7Ki ± ∞ ¹   731.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.33% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count_values('value',_h_ten),steps=100-14                                                    7.324Mi ± ∞ ¹   7.315Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count_values('value',_h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                92.31Mi ± ∞ ¹   92.32Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                    8.203Ki ± ∞ ¹   8.204Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.143 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                  27.31Ki ± ∞ ¹   27.31Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.286 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                 200.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   200.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.400 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                    13.86Ki ± ∞ ¹   13.86Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.314 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                  35.35Ki ± ∞ ¹   35.36Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.086 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                 230.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   230.3Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                67.70Ki ± ∞ ¹   67.70Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.857 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                              112.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   112.3Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                             523.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   523.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.943 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                    8.203Ki ± ∞ ¹   8.204Ki ± ∞ ¹   +0.01% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                  27.31Ki ± ∞ ¹   27.31Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.571 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                 200.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   200.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.743 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                    14.61Ki ± ∞ ¹   14.61Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                  58.56Ki ± ∞ ¹   58.56Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.229 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                 457.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   457.6Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                68.46Ki ± ∞ ¹   68.46Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                              135.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   135.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   +0.01% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                             750.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   750.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   +0.02% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                  8.204Ki ± ∞ ¹   8.204Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                27.31Ki ± ∞ ¹   27.31Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.057 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                               200.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   200.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                  13.87Ki ± ∞ ¹   13.87Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.171 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                35.36Ki ± ∞ ¹   35.36Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.514 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                               230.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   230.3Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.971 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                              67.73Ki ± ∞ ¹   67.73Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                            112.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   112.4Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                           523.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   523.2Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                  8.204Ki ± ∞ ¹   8.204Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.429 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                27.31Ki ± ∞ ¹   27.31Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.314 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                               200.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   200.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   +0.01% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                  14.54Ki ± ∞ ¹   14.54Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.400 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                54.62Ki ± ∞ ¹   54.62Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.314 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                               418.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   418.5Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.514 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                              68.40Ki ± ∞ ¹   68.40Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                            131.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   131.6Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.543 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                           711.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   711.4Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                           8.125Ki ± ∞ ¹   8.125Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                         22.58Ki ± ∞ ¹   22.58Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.371 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                        153.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   153.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                           14.20Ki ± ∞ ¹   14.20Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.286 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                         44.99Ki ± ∞ ¹   44.99Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                        324.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   324.4Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                       71.46Ki ± ∞ ¹   71.47Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.086 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                     267.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   267.9Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                    2.010Mi ± ∞ ¹   2.010Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                           8.125Ki ± ∞ ¹   8.125Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                         22.58Ki ± ∞ ¹   22.58Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                        153.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   153.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                           15.63Ki ± ∞ ¹   15.63Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                         102.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   102.2Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                        888.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   888.2Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.886 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                       85.73Ki ± ∞ ¹   85.75Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.314 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                     852.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   852.5Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                    7.641Mi ± ∞ ¹   7.642Mi ± ∞ ¹   +0.00% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                          8.305Ki ± ∞ ¹   8.305Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                        27.41Ki ± ∞ ¹   27.41Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                       200.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   200.2Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                          14.72Ki ± ∞ ¹   14.72Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.171 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                        64.09Ki ± ∞ ¹   64.09Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.771 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                       512.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   512.4Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.686 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                      86.38Ki ± ∞ ¹   86.38Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.743 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                    853.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   853.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                   7.642Mi ± ∞ ¹   7.642Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.200 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m])_+_rate(b_one[1m]),steps=1-14                                                 17.81Ki ± ∞ ¹   17.71Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.61% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m])_+_rate(b_one[1m]),steps=100-14                                               23.15Ki ± ∞ ¹   18.40Ki ± ∞ ¹  -20.54% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m])_+_rate(b_one[1m]),steps=1000-14                                              72.07Ki ± ∞ ¹   25.09Ki ± ∞ ¹  -65.18% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m])_+_rate(b_ten[1m]),steps=1-14                                                 36.72Ki ± ∞ ¹   36.61Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.30% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m])_+_rate(b_ten[1m]),steps=100-14                                               48.21Ki ± ∞ ¹   43.46Ki ± ∞ ¹   -9.87% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m])_+_rate(b_ten[1m]),steps=1000-14                                              151.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   104.5Ki ± ∞ ¹  -30.95% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m])_+_rate(b_hundred[1m]),steps=1-14                                         234.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   234.8Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.03% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m])_+_rate(b_hundred[1m]),steps=100-14                                       396.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   391.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   -1.16% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m])_+_rate(b_hundred[1m]),steps=1000-14                                      1.787Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.738Mi ± ∞ ¹   -2.71% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m])),steps=1-14                                                  10.29Ki ± ∞ ¹   10.28Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.15% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m])),steps=100-14                                                10.64Ki ± ∞ ¹   10.62Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.15% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m])),steps=1000-14                                               13.99Ki ± ∞ ¹   13.98Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.13% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m])),steps=1-14                                                  16.86Ki ± ∞ ¹   16.84Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.09% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m])),steps=100-14                                                19.31Ki ± ∞ ¹   19.29Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.08% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m])),steps=1000-14                                               42.36Ki ± ∞ ¹   42.35Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.04% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m])),steps=1-14                                              79.80Ki ± ∞ ¹   79.78Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.286 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m])),steps=100-14                                            105.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   105.3Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.314 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m])),steps=1000-14                                           319.7Ki ± ∞ ¹   319.7Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_one[1m])),steps=1-14               22.71Ki ± ∞ ¹   22.60Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.48% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_one[1m])),steps=100-14             28.05Ki ± ∞ ¹   23.29Ki ± ∞ ¹  -16.95% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_one[1m])),steps=1000-14            77.00Ki ± ∞ ¹   30.00Ki ± ∞ ¹  -61.04% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_ten[1m])),steps=1-14               35.54Ki ± ∞ ¹   35.43Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.31% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_ten[1m])),steps=100-14             45.37Ki ± ∞ ¹   40.61Ki ± ∞ ¹  -10.49% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_ten[1m])),steps=1000-14           133.74Ki ± ∞ ¹   86.73Ki ± ∞ ¹  -35.15% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_hundred[1m])),steps=1-14       161.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   161.3Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.08% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_hundred[1m])),steps=100-14     217.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   212.7Ki ± ∞ ¹   -2.19% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_hundred[1m])),steps=1000-14    688.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   641.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   -6.87% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_one[5m])),steps=1-14                                          23.04Ki ± ∞ ¹   22.95Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.41% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_one[5m])),steps=100-14                                        30.69Ki ± ∞ ¹   25.95Ki ± ∞ ¹  -15.44% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_one[5m])),steps=1000-14                                      101.28Ki ± ∞ ¹   54.30Ki ± ∞ ¹  -46.38% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_ten[5m])),steps=1-14                                          132.2Ki ± ∞ ¹   132.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.07% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_ten[5m])),steps=100-14                                        164.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   159.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   -2.90% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_ten[5m])),steps=1000-14                                       480.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   433.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   -9.78% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_hundred[5m])),steps=1-14                                      1.148Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.148Mi ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_hundred[5m])),steps=100-14                                    1.430Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.424Mi ± ∞ ¹   -0.41% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_hundred[5m])),steps=1000-14                                   4.056Mi ± ∞ ¹   4.010Mi ± ∞ ¹   -1.13% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1-14                                                   12.94Ki ± ∞ ¹   12.86Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.60% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=100-14                                                 30.67Ki ± ∞ ¹   25.95Ki ± ∞ ¹  -15.40% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1000-14                                                192.8Ki ± ∞ ¹   145.8Ki ± ∞ ¹  -24.35% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1-14                                                   20.10Ki ± ∞ ¹   20.01Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.40% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=100-14                                                 29.02Ki ± ∞ ¹   24.30Ki ± ∞ ¹  -16.28% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1000-14                                               111.60Ki ± ∞ ¹   64.65Ki ± ∞ ¹  -42.07% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1-14                                               108.6Ki ± ∞ ¹   108.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.07% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=100-14                                             238.8Ki ± ∞ ¹   234.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   -2.00% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1000-14                                            1.396Mi ± ∞ ¹   1.351Mi ± ∞ ¹   -3.17% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count({__name__!=""}),steps=1-14                                                             674.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   675.1Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count({__name__!="",l=""}),steps=1-14                                                        23.22Ki ± ∞ ¹   23.22Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.514 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                  6.562Ki ± ∞ ¹   6.530Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.48% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                15.43Ki ± ∞ ¹   13.85Ki ± ∞ ¹  -10.24% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                               96.50Ki ± ∞ ¹   80.85Ki ± ∞ ¹  -16.22% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                  17.72Ki ± ∞ ¹   17.69Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.17% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                70.79Ki ± ∞ ¹   69.22Ki ± ∞ ¹   -2.23% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                               554.1Ki ± ∞ ¹   538.5Ki ± ∞ ¹   -2.82% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                              136.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   136.9Ki ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.086 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                            637.4Ki ± ∞ ¹   635.9Ki ± ∞ ¹   -0.25% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                           5.072Mi ± ∞ ¹   5.056Mi ± ∞ ¹   -0.31% (p=0.029 n=4)
geomean                                                                                                      107.6Ki         100.8Ki         -6.30%
¹ need >= 6 samples for confidence interval at level 0.95
² all samples are equal

                                                                                                          │     main      │                changed                │
                                                                                                          │   allocs/op   │  allocs/op    vs base                 │
RangeQuery/expr=a_one,steps=1-14                                                                              111.0 ± ∞ ¹    111.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=a_one,steps=100-14                                                                            115.0 ± ∞ ¹    115.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=a_one,steps=1000-14                                                                           143.0 ± ∞ ¹    143.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten,steps=1-14                                                                              169.0 ± ∞ ¹    169.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten,steps=100-14                                                                            200.0 ± ∞ ¹    200.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten,steps=1000-14                                                                           453.0 ± ∞ ¹    453.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred,steps=1-14                                                                          712.0 ± ∞ ¹    712.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred,steps=100-14                                                                       1.005k ± ∞ ¹   1.005k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred,steps=1000-14                                                                      3.444k ± ∞ ¹   3.444k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=1-14                                                                    169.0 ± ∞ ¹    168.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.59% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=100-14                                                                  173.0 ± ∞ ¹    172.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.58% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=1000-14                                                                 198.0 ± ∞ ¹    197.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.51% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=1-14                                                                    264.0 ± ∞ ¹    263.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.38% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=100-14                                                                  295.0 ± ∞ ¹    294.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.34% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=1000-14                                                                 518.0 ± ∞ ¹    517.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.19% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=1-14                                                               1.173k ± ∞ ¹   1.172k ± ∞ ¹   -0.09% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=100-14                                                             1.466k ± ∞ ¹   1.465k ± ∞ ¹   -0.07% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=1000-14                                                            3.614k ± ∞ ¹   3.612k ± ∞ ¹   -0.04% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                                490.0 ± ∞ ¹    489.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.20% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                               3.007k ± ∞ ¹   3.006k ± ∞ ¹   -0.03% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                           27.55k ± ∞ ¹   27.55k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(sparse[1m]),steps=10000-14                                                               650.0 ± ∞ ¹    649.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.15% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_one[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1-14                                  493.0 ± ∞ ¹    492.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.20% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_one[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=100-14                                496.0 ± ∞ ¹    494.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.40% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_one[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1000-14                               518.0 ± ∞ ¹    517.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.19% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_ten[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1-14                                 2.535k ± ∞ ¹   2.534k ± ∞ ¹   -0.04% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_ten[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=100-14                               2.559k ± ∞ ¹   2.559k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.286 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_ten[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1000-14                              2.774k ± ∞ ¹   2.773k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_hundred[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1-14                             22.31k ± ∞ ¹   22.30k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_hundred[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=100-14                           22.60k ± ∞ ¹   22.60k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.971 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=double_exponential_smoothing(a_hundred[1d],_0.3,_0.3),steps=1000-14                          24.69k ± ∞ ¹   24.69k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.971 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_one[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                 400.0 ± ∞ ¹    399.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.25% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_one[1d]),steps=100-14                                                               402.0 ± ∞ ¹    401.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.25% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_one[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                              424.5 ± ∞ ¹    423.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.35% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_ten[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                2.441k ± ∞ ¹   2.441k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.629 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_ten[1d]),steps=100-14                                                              2.469k ± ∞ ¹   2.468k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_ten[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                             2.683k ± ∞ ¹   2.682k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1-14                                                            22.25k ± ∞ ¹   22.24k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_hundred[1d]),steps=100-14                                                          22.51k ± ∞ ¹   22.50k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=changes(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                         24.58k ± ∞ ¹   24.58k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.629 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                    406.0 ± ∞ ¹    405.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.25% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1d]),steps=100-14                                                                  408.0 ± ∞ ¹    407.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                                 430.0 ± ∞ ¹    429.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.23% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1d]),steps=1-14                                                                   2.484k ± ∞ ¹   2.484k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1d]),steps=100-14                                                                 2.511k ± ∞ ¹   2.510k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                                2.723k ± ∞ ¹   2.723k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.429 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1-14                                                               22.63k ± ∞ ¹   22.63k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.857 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1d]),steps=100-14                                                             22.91k ± ∞ ¹   22.90k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                            24.96k ± ∞ ¹   24.96k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.971 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_one[1d]),steps=1-14                                                        401.0 ± ∞ ¹    400.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.25% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_one[1d]),steps=100-14                                                      404.0 ± ∞ ¹    403.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.143 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_one[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                     425.0 ± ∞ ¹    424.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.24% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_ten[1d]),steps=1-14                                                       2.447k ± ∞ ¹   2.446k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.143 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_ten[1d]),steps=100-14                                                     2.477k ± ∞ ¹   2.476k ± ∞ ¹   -0.04% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_ten[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                    2.689k ± ∞ ¹   2.688k ± ∞ ¹   -0.04% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1-14                                                   22.30k ± ∞ ¹   22.30k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.286 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_hundred[1d]),steps=100-14                                                 22.59k ± ∞ ¹   22.59k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.143 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=absent_over_time(a_hundred[1d]),steps=1000-14                                                24.64k ± ∞ ¹   24.64k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.343 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=-a_one,steps=1-14                                                                             132.0 ± ∞ ¹    132.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=-a_one,steps=100-14                                                                           136.0 ± ∞ ¹    136.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=-a_one,steps=1000-14                                                                          164.0 ± ∞ ¹    164.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=-a_ten,steps=1-14                                                                             191.0 ± ∞ ¹    191.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=-a_ten,steps=100-14                                                                           222.0 ± ∞ ¹    222.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=-a_ten,steps=1000-14                                                                          475.0 ± ∞ ¹    475.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=-a_hundred,steps=1-14                                                                         740.0 ± ∞ ¹    740.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=-a_hundred,steps=100-14                                                                      1.033k ± ∞ ¹   1.033k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=-a_hundred,steps=1000-14                                                                     3.472k ± ∞ ¹   3.472k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=1-14                                                                      214.0 ± ∞ ¹    210.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.87% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=100-14                                                                    420.0 ± ∞ ¹    218.0 ± ∞ ¹  -48.10% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=1000-14                                                                  2276.0 ± ∞ ¹    274.0 ± ∞ ¹  -87.96% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=1-14                                                                      371.0 ± ∞ ¹    367.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.08% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=100-14                                                                    635.0 ± ∞ ¹    433.0 ± ∞ ¹  -31.81% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=1000-14                                                                  2980.0 ± ∞ ¹    978.0 ± ∞ ¹  -67.18% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=1-14                                                             1.841k ± ∞ ¹   1.837k ± ∞ ¹   -0.22% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=100-14                                                           2.831k ± ∞ ¹   2.628k ± ∞ ¹   -7.15% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=1000-14                                                         11.383k ± ∞ ¹   9.377k ± ∞ ¹  -17.62% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_-_b_one,steps=10000-14                                                                20841.0 ± ∞ ¹    839.0 ± ∞ ¹  -95.97% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_-_b_ten,steps=10000-14                                                                26.275k ± ∞ ¹   6.271k ± ∞ ¹  -76.13% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_-_b_hundred,steps=10000-14                                                         95.38k ± ∞ ¹   75.36k ± ∞ ¹  -20.99% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                     276.0 ± ∞ ¹    272.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.45% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                   478.0 ± ∞ ¹    276.0 ± ∞ ¹  -42.26% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                 2306.0 ± ∞ ¹    304.0 ± ∞ ¹  -86.82% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                     394.0 ± ∞ ¹    390.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.02% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                   639.0 ± ∞ ¹    437.0 ± ∞ ¹  -31.61% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                 2820.0 ± ∞ ¹    818.0 ± ∞ ¹  -70.99% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                            1.357k ± ∞ ¹   1.353k ± ∞ ¹   -0.29% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                          2.525k ± ∞ ¹   2.324k ± ∞ ¹   -7.96% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                         12.81k ± ∞ ¹   10.81k ± ∞ ¹  -15.63% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_or_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                      277.0 ± ∞ ¹    273.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.44% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_or_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                    479.0 ± ∞ ¹    277.0 ± ∞ ¹  -42.17% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_or_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                  2307.0 ± ∞ ¹    305.0 ± ∞ ¹  -86.78% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_or_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                      396.0 ± ∞ ¹    392.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.01% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_or_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                    742.0 ± ∞ ¹    540.0 ± ∞ ¹  -27.22% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_or_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                                  3.843k ± ∞ ¹   1.841k ± ∞ ¹  -52.09% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_or_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                             1.365k ± ∞ ¹   1.361k ± ∞ ¹   -0.29% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_or_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                           2.845k ± ∞ ¹   2.643k ± ∞ ¹   -7.12% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_or_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                          15.95k ± ∞ ¹   13.95k ± ∞ ¹  -12.53% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_unless_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                  277.0 ± ∞ ¹    273.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.44% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_unless_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                479.0 ± ∞ ¹    277.0 ± ∞ ¹  -42.17% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_unless_b_one{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                              2307.0 ± ∞ ¹    305.0 ± ∞ ¹  -86.78% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_unless_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                                  394.0 ± ∞ ¹    390.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.02% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_unless_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                                639.0 ± ∞ ¹    437.0 ± ∞ ¹  -31.61% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_unless_b_ten{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                              2820.0 ± ∞ ¹    818.0 ± ∞ ¹  -70.99% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_unless_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1-14                                         1.357k ± ∞ ¹   1.353k ± ∞ ¹   -0.29% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_unless_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=100-14                                       2.526k ± ∞ ¹   2.324k ± ∞ ¹   -8.00% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_unless_b_hundred{l=~'.*[0-4]$'},steps=1000-14                                      12.81k ± ∞ ¹   10.81k ± ∞ ¹  -15.63% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l='notfound'},steps=1-14                                                      196.0 ± ∞ ¹    192.0 ± ∞ ¹   -2.04% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l='notfound'},steps=100-14                                                    398.0 ± ∞ ¹    196.0 ± ∞ ¹  -50.75% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_and_b_one{l='notfound'},steps=1000-14                                                  2226.0 ± ∞ ¹    224.0 ± ∞ ¹  -89.94% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l='notfound'},steps=1-14                                                      265.0 ± ∞ ¹    261.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.51% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l='notfound'},steps=100-14                                                    494.0 ± ∞ ¹    292.0 ± ∞ ¹  -40.89% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_and_b_ten{l='notfound'},steps=1000-14                                                  2547.0 ± ∞ ¹    545.0 ± ∞ ¹  -78.60% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l='notfound'},steps=1-14                                              899.0 ± ∞ ¹    895.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.44% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l='notfound'},steps=100-14                                           1.390k ± ∞ ¹   1.188k ± ∞ ¹  -14.53% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_and_b_hundred{l='notfound'},steps=1000-14                                          5.629k ± ∞ ¹   3.627k ± ∞ ¹  -35.57% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                         151.0 ± ∞ ¹    149.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.32% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                       254.0 ± ∞ ¹    153.0 ± ∞ ¹  -39.76% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                     1182.0 ± ∞ ¹    181.0 ± ∞ ¹  -84.69% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                         210.0 ± ∞ ¹    208.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.95% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                       340.0 ± ∞ ¹    239.0 ± ∞ ¹  -29.71% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                     1493.0 ± ∞ ¹    492.0 ± ∞ ¹  -67.05% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                     756.0 ± ∞ ¹    754.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.26% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                                  1.148k ± ∞ ¹   1.047k ± ∞ ¹   -8.80% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=abs(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                                 4.487k ± ∞ ¹   3.486k ± ∞ ¹  -22.31% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_one,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1-14                                      270.0 ± ∞ ¹    270.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_one,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=100-14                                    274.0 ± ∞ ¹    274.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_one,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1000-14                                   302.0 ± ∞ ¹    302.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_ten,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1-14                                      357.0 ± ∞ ¹    357.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_ten,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=100-14                                    388.0 ± ∞ ¹    388.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_ten,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1000-14                                   641.0 ± ∞ ¹    641.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_hundred,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1-14                                 1.266k ± ∞ ¹   1.266k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_hundred,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=100-14                               1.559k ± ∞ ¹   1.559k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_replace(a_hundred,_'l2',_'$1',_'l',_'(.*)'),steps=1000-14                              3.999k ± ∞ ¹   3.999k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_one,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1-14                                             229.0 ± ∞ ¹    229.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_one,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=100-14                                           233.0 ± ∞ ¹    233.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_one,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1000-14                                          261.0 ± ∞ ¹    261.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_ten,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1-14                                             306.0 ± ∞ ¹    306.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_ten,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=100-14                                           337.0 ± ∞ ¹    337.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_ten,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1000-14                                          590.0 ± ∞ ¹    590.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_hundred,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1-14                                        1.035k ± ∞ ¹   1.035k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_hundred,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=100-14                                      1.328k ± ∞ ¹   1.328k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=label_join(a_hundred,_'l2',_'-',_'l',_'l'),steps=1000-14                                     3.768k ± ∞ ¹   3.768k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.429 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                         144.0 ± ∞ ¹    144.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                       148.0 ± ∞ ¹    148.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                      176.0 ± ∞ ¹    176.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                         202.0 ± ∞ ¹    202.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                       233.0 ± ∞ ¹    233.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                      486.0 ± ∞ ¹    486.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                     745.0 ± ∞ ¹    745.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                                  1.038k ± ∞ ¹   1.038k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                                 3.477k ± ∞ ¹   3.477k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                         144.0 ± ∞ ¹    144.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                       148.0 ± ∞ ¹    148.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                      176.0 ± ∞ ¹    176.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                         202.0 ± ∞ ¹    202.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                       233.0 ± ∞ ¹    233.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                      486.0 ± ∞ ¹    486.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                     745.0 ± ∞ ¹    745.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                                  1.038k ± ∞ ¹   1.038k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=avg(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                                 3.477k ± ∞ ¹   3.477k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                             232.0 ± ∞ ¹    232.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                           266.0 ± ∞ ¹    266.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                          544.0 ± ∞ ¹    544.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                             829.0 ± ∞ ¹    829.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                          1.160k ± ∞ ¹   1.160k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                         3.913k ± ∞ ¹   3.913k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                        6.774k ± ∞ ¹   6.775k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                      9.980k ± ∞ ¹   9.980k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.429 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                     36.72k ± ∞ ¹   36.72k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                            219.0 ± ∞ ¹    219.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                          253.0 ± ∞ ¹    253.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                         531.0 ± ∞ ¹    531.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                            830.0 ± ∞ ¹    830.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                         1.161k ± ∞ ¹   1.161k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                        3.914k ± ∞ ¹   3.914k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                       6.884k ± ∞ ¹   6.884k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                     10.09k ± ∞ ¹   10.09k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                    36.83k ± ∞ ¹   36.83k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.114 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                                  217.0 ± ∞ ¹    217.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                                251.0 ± ∞ ¹    251.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                               529.0 ± ∞ ¹    529.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                                  828.0 ± ∞ ¹    828.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                               1.159k ± ∞ ¹   1.159k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                              3.912k ± ∞ ¹   3.912k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                             6.882k ± ∞ ¹   6.882k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                           10.09k ± ∞ ¹   10.09k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(l)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                          36.83k ± ∞ ¹   36.83k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.429 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_one),steps=1-14                                                                 234.0 ± ∞ ¹    234.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_one),steps=100-14                                                               268.0 ± ∞ ¹    268.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_one),steps=1000-14                                                              546.0 ± ∞ ¹    546.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_ten),steps=1-14                                                                 831.0 ± ∞ ¹    831.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_ten),steps=100-14                                                              1.162k ± ∞ ¹   1.162k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_ten),steps=1000-14                                                             3.915k ± ∞ ¹   3.916k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.486 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1-14                                                            6.777k ± ∞ ¹   6.777k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                          9.982k ± ∞ ¹   9.982k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=sum_by_(le)(h_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                         36.72k ± ∞ ¹   36.72k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count_values('value',_h_one),steps=100-14                                                    6.374k ± ∞ ¹   6.273k ± ∞ ¹   -1.58% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count_values('value',_h_ten),steps=100-14                                                    58.47k ± ∞ ¹   58.37k ± ∞ ¹   -0.17% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count_values('value',_h_hundred),steps=100-14                                                574.0k ± ∞ ¹   573.9k ± ∞ ¹   -0.02% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                     168.0 ± ∞ ¹    168.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                   469.0 ± ∞ ¹    469.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                 3.197k ± ∞ ¹   3.197k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                     227.0 ± ∞ ¹    227.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                   555.0 ± ∞ ¹    555.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                 3.508k ± ∞ ¹   3.508k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                 771.0 ± ∞ ¹    771.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                              1.361k ± ∞ ¹   1.361k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                             6.501k ± ∞ ¹   6.500k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                     168.0 ± ∞ ¹    168.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                   469.0 ± ∞ ¹    469.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                                 3.197k ± ∞ ¹   3.197k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                     231.0 ± ∞ ¹    231.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                   757.0 ± ∞ ¹    757.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                                 5.510k ± ∞ ¹   5.510k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                                 775.0 ± ∞ ¹    775.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                              1.563k ± ∞ ¹   1.563k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=topk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                             8.503k ± ∞ ¹   8.503k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                   168.0 ± ∞ ¹    168.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                 469.0 ± ∞ ¹    469.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                               3.197k ± ∞ ¹   3.197k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                   227.0 ± ∞ ¹    227.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                 555.0 ± ∞ ¹    555.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                               3.508k ± ∞ ¹   3.508k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                               771.0 ± ∞ ¹    771.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                            1.361k ± ∞ ¹   1.361k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(1,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                           6.500k ± ∞ ¹   6.501k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                                   168.0 ± ∞ ¹    168.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                                 469.0 ± ∞ ¹    469.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                               3.197k ± ∞ ¹   3.197k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                   227.0 ± ∞ ¹    227.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                 555.0 ± ∞ ¹    555.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                               3.508k ± ∞ ¹   3.508k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                               771.0 ± ∞ ¹    771.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                            1.361k ± ∞ ¹   1.361k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limitk(5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                           6.501k ± ∞ ¹   6.501k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                            169.0 ± ∞ ¹    169.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                          371.0 ± ∞ ¹    371.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                        2.199k ± ∞ ¹   2.199k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                            233.0 ± ∞ ¹    233.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                          660.0 ± ∞ ¹    660.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                        4.513k ± ∞ ¹   4.513k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                        783.0 ± ∞ ¹    783.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                     1.769k ± ∞ ¹   1.769k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.1,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                    10.51k ± ∞ ¹   10.51k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                            169.0 ± ∞ ¹    169.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                          371.0 ± ∞ ¹    371.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                        2.199k ± ∞ ¹   2.199k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                            237.0 ± ∞ ¹    237.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                          862.0 ± ∞ ¹    862.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                        6.516k ± ∞ ¹   6.516k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                        787.0 ± ∞ ¹    787.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                     1.972k ± ∞ ¹   1.973k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.429 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                    12.52k ± ∞ ¹   12.52k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_one),steps=1-14                                                           172.0 ± ∞ ¹    172.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_one),steps=100-14                                                         473.0 ± ∞ ¹    473.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_one),steps=1000-14                                                       3.201k ± ∞ ¹   3.201k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_ten),steps=1-14                                                           235.0 ± ∞ ¹    235.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_ten),steps=100-14                                                         761.0 ± ∞ ¹    761.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                       5.514k ± ∞ ¹   5.514k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                       787.0 ± ∞ ¹    787.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                    1.973k ± ∞ ¹   1.972k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=0.429 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=limit_ratio(-0.5,_a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                   12.52k ± ∞ ¹   12.52k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m])_+_rate(b_one[1m]),steps=1-14                                                  314.0 ± ∞ ¹    308.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.91% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m])_+_rate(b_one[1m]),steps=100-14                                                520.0 ± ∞ ¹    316.0 ± ∞ ¹  -39.23% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_one[1m])_+_rate(b_one[1m]),steps=1000-14                                              2370.0 ± ∞ ¹    366.0 ± ∞ ¹  -84.56% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m])_+_rate(b_ten[1m]),steps=1-14                                                  552.0 ± ∞ ¹    546.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.09% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m])_+_rate(b_ten[1m]),steps=100-14                                                813.0 ± ∞ ¹    609.0 ± ∞ ¹  -25.09% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_ten[1m])_+_rate(b_ten[1m]),steps=1000-14                                              3.098k ± ∞ ¹   1.094k ± ∞ ¹  -64.69% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m])_+_rate(b_hundred[1m]),steps=1-14                                         2.755k ± ∞ ¹   2.749k ± ∞ ¹   -0.22% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m])_+_rate(b_hundred[1m]),steps=100-14                                       3.742k ± ∞ ¹   3.538k ± ∞ ¹   -5.45% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=rate(a_hundred[1m])_+_rate(b_hundred[1m]),steps=1000-14                                     11.713k ± ∞ ¹   9.704k ± ∞ ¹  -17.15% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m])),steps=1-14                                                   207.0 ± ∞ ¹    206.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.48% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m])),steps=100-14                                                 211.0 ± ∞ ¹    210.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.47% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m])),steps=1000-14                                                236.0 ± ∞ ¹    235.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.42% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m])),steps=1-14                                                   307.0 ± ∞ ¹    306.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.33% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m])),steps=100-14                                                 334.0 ± ∞ ¹    333.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.30% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m])),steps=1000-14                                                557.0 ± ∞ ¹    556.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.18% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m])),steps=1-14                                              1.216k ± ∞ ¹   1.215k ± ∞ ¹   -0.08% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m])),steps=100-14                                            1.505k ± ∞ ¹   1.504k ± ∞ ¹   -0.07% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m])),steps=1000-14                                           3.653k ± ∞ ¹   3.652k ± ∞ ¹   -0.03% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_one[1m])),steps=1-14                397.0 ± ∞ ¹    391.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.51% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_one[1m])),steps=100-14              603.0 ± ∞ ¹    399.0 ± ∞ ¹  -33.83% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_one[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_one[1m])),steps=1000-14            2453.0 ± ∞ ¹    449.0 ± ∞ ¹  -81.70% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_ten[1m])),steps=1-14                593.0 ± ∞ ¹    587.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.01% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_ten[1m])),steps=100-14              849.0 ± ∞ ¹    645.0 ± ∞ ¹  -24.03% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_ten[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_ten[1m])),steps=1000-14            3.095k ± ∞ ¹   1.091k ± ∞ ¹  -64.75% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_hundred[1m])),steps=1-14       2.411k ± ∞ ¹   2.405k ± ∞ ¹   -0.25% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_hundred[1m])),steps=100-14     3.192k ± ∞ ¹   2.988k ± ∞ ¹   -6.39% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=sum_without_(l)(rate(a_hundred[1m]))_/_sum_without_(l)(rate(b_hundred[1m])),steps=1000-14    9.287k ± ∞ ¹   7.283k ± ∞ ¹  -21.58% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_one[5m])),steps=1-14                                           366.0 ± ∞ ¹    361.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.37% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_one[5m])),steps=100-14                                         598.0 ± ∞ ¹    395.0 ± ∞ ¹  -33.95% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_one[5m])),steps=1000-14                                       2676.0 ± ∞ ¹    673.0 ± ∞ ¹  -74.85% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_ten[5m])),steps=1-14                                          1.471k ± ∞ ¹   1.466k ± ∞ ¹   -0.34% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_ten[5m])),steps=100-14                                        1.984k ± ∞ ¹   1.780k ± ∞ ¹  -10.26% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_ten[5m])),steps=1000-14                                       6.537k ± ∞ ¹   4.534k ± ∞ ¹  -30.64% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_hundred[5m])),steps=1-14                                      12.29k ± ∞ ¹   12.29k ± ∞ ¹   -0.04% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_hundred[5m])),steps=100-14                                    15.68k ± ∞ ¹   15.47k ± ∞ ¹   -1.30% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=histogram_quantile(0.9,_rate(h_hundred[5m])),steps=1000-14                                   44.22k ± ∞ ¹   42.21k ± ∞ ¹   -4.53% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1-14                                                    234.0 ± ∞ ¹    230.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.71% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=100-14                                                  638.0 ± ∞ ¹    436.0 ± ∞ ¹  -31.66% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_one_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1000-14                                                4.294k ± ∞ ¹   2.292k ± ∞ ¹  -46.62% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1-14                                                    290.0 ± ∞ ¹    286.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.38% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=100-14                                                  525.0 ± ∞ ¹    323.0 ± ∞ ¹  -38.48% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_ten_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1000-14                                                2625.0 ± ∞ ¹    623.0 ± ∞ ¹  -76.27% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1-14                                                935.0 ± ∞ ¹    931.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.43% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=100-14                                             1.607k ± ∞ ¹   1.405k ± ∞ ¹  -12.54% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=a_hundred_+_on(l)_group_right_a_one,steps=1000-14                                            7.479k ± ∞ ¹   5.479k ± ∞ ¹  -26.73% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count({__name__!=""}),steps=1-14                                                             8.824k ± ∞ ¹   8.824k ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=count({__name__!="",l=""}),steps=1-14                                                         246.0 ± ∞ ¹    246.0 ± ∞ ¹        ~ (p=1.000 n=4) ²
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_one),steps=1-14                                                                   144.0 ± ∞ ¹    142.0 ± ∞ ¹   -1.39% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_one),steps=100-14                                                                 445.0 ± ∞ ¹    344.0 ± ∞ ¹  -22.70% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_one),steps=1000-14                                                               3.173k ± ∞ ¹   2.172k ± ∞ ¹  -31.55% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_ten),steps=1-14                                                                   243.0 ± ∞ ¹    241.0 ± ∞ ¹   -0.82% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_ten),steps=100-14                                                                 571.0 ± ∞ ¹    470.0 ± ∞ ¹  -17.69% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_ten),steps=1000-14                                                               3.524k ± ∞ ¹   2.523k ± ∞ ¹  -28.41% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_hundred),steps=1-14                                                              1.157k ± ∞ ¹   1.155k ± ∞ ¹   -0.17% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_hundred),steps=100-14                                                            1.748k ± ∞ ¹   1.647k ± ∞ ¹   -5.78% (p=0.029 n=4)
RangeQuery/expr=timestamp(a_hundred),steps=1000-14                                                           6.894k ± ∞ ¹   5.893k ± ∞ ¹  -14.53% (p=0.029 n=4)
geomean                                                                                                      1.214k         1.046k        -13.79%
¹ need >= 6 samples for confidence interval at level 0.95
² all samples are equal

bboreham

Thanks! A lot of strong typing!
Great to see several performance improvements between 15% and 38%.

A few suggestions below.

promql/engine.go

Signed-off-by: darshanime <deathbullet@gmail.com>

darshanime · 2025-07-16T03:09:54Z

@bboreham could you ptal again?

bboreham

Great! LGTM.

promql/engine.go

) Currently, the promql functions take the interface slice []parser.Value as an argument, which is being implemented by the conrete types Vector, Matrix etc. This PR replaces the interface with the concrete types, resulting in improved performance. The inspiration for this PR came from prometheus#16698 which does this for binops. I extended the idea to all promql functions Signed-off-by: darshanime <deathbullet@gmail.com> * pass single Matrix Signed-off-by: darshanime <deathbullet@gmail.com> --------- Signed-off-by: darshanime <deathbullet@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Hall <andrew.hall@grafana.com>

When using the @ modifier with a timestamp that has no data, several PromQL range functions were panicking with "index out of range [0] with length 0". This was introduced by prometheus#16797 which changed function signatures to use concrete types instead of interfaces. The panic occurred because functions were accessing array elements (matrixVal[0], vectorVals[0][0]) without checking if the arrays were empty first. Fixes prometheus#18018 Signed-off-by: Julien Pivotto <291750+roidelapluie@users.noreply.github.com>

When using the @ modifier with a timestamp that has no data, several PromQL range functions were panicking with "index out of range [0] with length 0". This was introduced by #16797 which changed function signatures to use concrete types instead of interfaces. The panic occurred because functions were accessing array elements (matrixVal[0], vectorVals[0][0]) without checking if the arrays were empty first. Fixes #18018 Signed-off-by: Julien Pivotto <291750+roidelapluie@users.noreply.github.com>

When using the @ modifier with a timestamp that has no data, several PromQL range functions were panicking with "index out of range [0] with length 0". This was introduced by prometheus#16797 which changed function signatures to use concrete types instead of interfaces. The panic occurred because functions were accessing array elements (matrixVal[0], vectorVals[0][0]) without checking if the arrays were empty first. Fixes prometheus#18018 Signed-off-by: Julien Pivotto <291750+roidelapluie@users.noreply.github.com> Signed-off-by: Will Bollock <wbollock@linode.com>

When using the @ modifier with a timestamp that has no data, several PromQL range functions were panicking with "index out of range [0] with length 0". This was introduced by prometheus#16797 which changed function signatures to use concrete types instead of interfaces. The panic occurred because functions were accessing array elements (matrixVal[0], vectorVals[0][0]) without checking if the arrays were empty first. Fixes prometheus#18018 Signed-off-by: Julien Pivotto <291750+roidelapluie@users.noreply.github.com>

darshanime force-pushed the pass_concrete_types branch from 9013b6f to da0e01a Compare June 29, 2025 08:41

darshanime mentioned this pull request Jun 29, 2025

[PERF] PromQL: Split rangeEval for binary operations #16698

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darshanime marked this pull request as ready for review July 1, 2025 03:27

darshanime requested a review from roidelapluie as a code owner July 1, 2025 03:27

bboreham reviewed Jul 2, 2025

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darshanime added 4 commits July 12, 2025 21:01

update function sigs

ebe5bf8

Signed-off-by: darshanime <deathbullet@gmail.com>

mark unused vars as _

1b6f1b6

Signed-off-by: darshanime <deathbullet@gmail.com>

keep only vector, matrix args

ff2fb36

Signed-off-by: darshanime <deathbullet@gmail.com>

retire args var

0d006e8

Signed-off-by: darshanime <deathbullet@gmail.com>

darshanime force-pushed the pass_concrete_types branch 3 times, most recently from eec8bdc to 7157606 Compare July 12, 2025 18:11

darshanime requested a review from bboreham July 12, 2025 18:36

pass single Matrix

2d4e6c7

Signed-off-by: darshanime <deathbullet@gmail.com>

darshanime force-pushed the pass_concrete_types branch from 7157606 to 2d4e6c7 Compare July 12, 2025 18:40

bboreham approved these changes Jul 23, 2025

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bboreham merged commit 9b00c29 into prometheus:main Jul 23, 2025
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yeya24 mentioned this pull request Feb 5, 2026

PromQL: engine panics with @ modifier on empty ranges for several range functions #18018

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roidelapluie mentioned this pull request Feb 5, 2026

promql: fix panic with @ modifier on empty ranges #18020

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Pass concrete types to promql functions#16797

Pass concrete types to promql functions#16797
bboreham merged 5 commits intoprometheus:mainfrom
darshanime:pass_concrete_types

darshanime commented Jun 29, 2025 •

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darshanime commented Jun 29, 2025 •

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