🗒️ Description

The EIP-8037 "transaction validity" tests assert requirement 1,
max(intrinsic_regular, calldata_floor) <= TX_MAX_GAS_LIMIT. That cap
check runs after the sufficiency check
max(intrinsic_total, calldata_floor) <= tx.gas. The three existing
cap-rejection tests were each tripped by the sufficiency check first, so
none of them ever exercised the cap — a client with the sufficiency gate
but no max(regular, floor) > cap gate passes all three:

Differential fuzzing on bal-devnet-7 found a client with exactly that gap:
besu 26.6-develop-e8c2195 executes a floor-over-cap transaction that
geth, nethermind, revm, and the EELS reference all reject. The masked
tests would not have caught it.

This PR re-levers each test so the cap is the only check that can
reject, and adds the accepting positive control:

• Regular-dimension tests use a large access list (regular intrinsic
  only, no state gas) with gas_limit above the total intrinsic, and
  assert max(regular, floor) > cap, regular + state <= tx.gas, and —
  for the _with_floor_below_cap variant — floor < cap.
• The floor test funds the floor in full (gas_limit = floor + 1_000_000)
  and asserts floor > cap and regular < cap.
• New test_intrinsic_within_cap_gas_limit_above_cap accepts a tx whose
  gas_limit exceeds the cap while both operands stay below it.

All operands are derived from the fork gas calculators so the tests stay
correct as Amsterdam pricing evolves.

Verification (re-filled under EELS, fixtures replayed against the
bal-devnet-7 client binaries):

besu's gap covers both operands of max(regular, floor), not just the
floor. (Amsterdam / EIP-8037 is not live on mainnet; this is devnet
test-hardening, not a mainnet-exposing disclosure.)

This targets devnets/bal/7, the branch the nightly bal hive fixtures are
filled from and where the EIP-8037 transaction-validity tests live.

🔗 Related Issues or PRs

Re-levers the cap tests added in #2870 and the surrounding EIP-8037
state-gas test work.

✅ Checklist

• All: Ran fast static checks to avoid unnecessary CI fails, see also Code Standards and Enabling Pre-commit Checks:

  just static

• All: PR title adheres to the repo standard - it will be used as the squash commit message and should start type(scope):.
• All: Considered updating the online docs in the ./docs/ directory.
• All: Set appropriate labels for the changes (only maintainers can apply labels).
• Tests: Ran mkdocs serve locally and verified the auto-generated docs for new tests in the Test Case Reference are correctly formatted.
• Tests: For PRs implementing a missed test case, update the post-mortem document to add an entry the list.
• Ported Tests: All converted JSON/YML tests from ethereum/tests or tests/static have been assigned @ported_from marker.

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