## Summary

This is a follow-on from
elastic/elasticsearch#107859.

Two main changes to our client-side validation code.
1. comparison operators like `==` and `>=` now support implicit casting
from strings for `version`, `ip`, and `boolean` types

2. `in` and `not in` operators support implicit casting from strings for
`version`, `ip`, `boolean`, and `date` constants. To address this
quickly, I have disabled type-checking for array values (e.g. `in (
version_field, "1.2.3", "2.3.1" )`) because our parameter typing system
does not currently support arrays of mixed types which it will need to
in order to re-enable checking while allowing string literals. I have
added this to elastic#177699

### A note on testing

These implicit casting changes may not be on the latest Elasticsearch
snapshot. Instead, check out the `8.14` branch in a local Elasticsearch
repo and run `yarn es source --source-path='path/to/elasticsearch'`

See [these
tests](https://github.com/elastic/kibana/pull/182989/files#diff-89c4af0faedcf80d51cfb19ae397a5898c7293055b19284a94cb3f6a7cd4d071R1727-R1763)
for a set of good use cases to try. `to_<type>` functions can be used if
the sample data doesn't contain a field of the type you want to test.

### A note on string to date casting

In elastic#182856 we started accepting
string literals for any function arguments that are dates.

By the same logic, `"2022" - 1 day` would work, so our validator doesn't
complain about it. However, it currently fails at the Elasticsearch
level.

In a discussion with Fang, we determined that this is a
valid use case, so I have created
elastic/elasticsearch#108432 and determined
not to tighten the client-side validation since this seems more like a
casting "hole" that will soon be filled in on the ES side (though not in
8.14).

### Checklist

- [x] [Unit or functional
tests](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/kibana/master/development-tests.html)
were updated or

(cherry picked from commit c3e1027)

# Backport

This will backport the following commits from `main` to `8.14`:
- [[ES|QL] implicit casting changes
(#182989)](#182989)

<!--- Backport version: 9.4.3 -->

### Questions ?
Please refer to the [Backport tool
documentation](https://github.com/sqren/backport)

<!--BACKPORT [{"author":{"name":"Drew
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implicit casting changes (#182989)\n\n## Summary\r\n\r\nThis is a
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dates.\r\n\r\nBy the same logic, `\"2022\" - 1 day` would work, so our
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determined that this is a\r\nvalid use case, so I have
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determined\r\nnot to tighten the client-side validation since this seems
more like a\r\ncasting \"hole\" that will soon be filled in on the ES
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[Unit or
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implicit casting changes (#182989)\n\n## Summary\r\n\r\nThis is a
follow-on
from\r\nhttps://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/pull/107859.\r\n\r\nTwo
main changes to our client-side validation code.\r\n1. comparison
operators like `==` and `>=` now support implicit casting\r\nfrom
strings for `version`, `ip`, and `boolean` types\r\n\r\n2. `in` and `not
in` operators support implicit casting from strings for\r\n`version`,
`ip`, `boolean`, and `date` constants. To address this\r\nquickly, I
have disabled type-checking for array values (e.g. `in
(\r\nversion_field, \"1.2.3\", \"2.3.1\" )`) because our parameter
typing system\r\ndoes not currently support arrays of mixed types which
it will need to\r\nin order to re-enable checking while allowing string
literals. I have\r\nadded this to
https://github.com/elastic/kibana/issues/177699\r\n\r\n### A note on
testing\r\n\r\nThese implicit casting changes may not be on the latest
Elasticsearch\r\nsnapshot. Instead, check out the `8.14` branch in a
local Elasticsearch\r\nrepo and run `yarn es source
--source-path='path/to/elasticsearch'`\r\n\r\nSee
[these\r\ntests](https://github.com/elastic/kibana/pull/182989/files#diff-89c4af0faedcf80d51cfb19ae397a5898c7293055b19284a94cb3f6a7cd4d071R1727-R1763)\r\nfor
a set of good use cases to try. `to_<type>` functions can be used
if\r\nthe sample data doesn't contain a field of the type you want to
test.\r\n\r\n### A note on string to date casting\r\n\r\nIn
#182856 we started
accepting\r\nstring literals for any function arguments that are
dates.\r\n\r\nBy the same logic, `\"2022\" - 1 day` would work, so our
validator doesn't\r\ncomplain about it. However, it currently fails at
the Elasticsearch\r\nlevel.\r\n\r\nIn a discussion with Fang, we
determined that this is a\r\nvalid use case, so I have
created\r\nhttps://github.com/elastic/elasticsearch/issues/108432 and
determined\r\nnot to tighten the client-side validation since this seems
more like a\r\ncasting \"hole\" that will soon be filled in on the ES
side (though not in\r\n8.14).\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n### Checklist\r\n\r\n- [x]
[Unit or
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BACKPORT-->

Co-authored-by: Drew Tate <drew.tate@elastic.co>