#4938)

In #4919, we found that the `test_firefox` job was unacceptably flaky in
the `preload-cssom` tests. I believe this is because the GHA runners are
slightly more resource-constrained than the circleci ones, which broke
an assumption in `axe.testUtils.addStyleSheet` that adding a `<style>`
element would result in `document.styleSheets` being updated accordingly
within 100ms (in Chrome this happens instantly, but in Firefox there is
a delay). I updated the test util to poll until it actually *sees*
`document.styleSheets` update as expected, and to reject with a more
actionable error if a timeout occurs (rather than letting a test run in
an unexpected state). This also has a minor side-benefit of making the
tests marginally faster on Chrome, since they no longer wait
100ms-per-injected-sheet unnecessarily.

You can see the results of this in
#4936 - the preload-cssom
test_firefox case [only passed 6/10 runs without this
fix](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/pull/4936/checks?sha=1516bacef0b7e039030adbd4d55c1a627f9899fb)
and [passed 10/10 runs with this
fix](https://github.com/dequelabs/axe-core/pull/4936/checks?sha=339c2580bb82f2f7833b8e2447bfeff92354350e).

The updates in `preload-cssom.js` turned out to be unnecessary to fix
the issue, but they make errors in the test more actionable and make the
test more consistent with others, so I left them in.

No QA required.

# Background

In order to continue publishing to npm, the org is moving to OIDC
tokens. This is setup through GitHub Actions. Which has prompted a
conversion from CircleCI to GHA for this repository. In this the two
previous PRs, #4918 and #4919, have slowly ported chunks of the
dependency workflows over. This PR now provides the deployment support
to ship changes from GHA.

# Key Changes

## Addition of Deployment Workflow

**Concurrency**: One queue per branch. Does not cancel previous runs.

The deployment workflow is triggered only on `develop` and `master`
commits once the tests have completed. First, the status of the tests is
checked before proceeding with any work. If any failures happened, this
workflow does not do anything.

First, the "Tests" workflow for the associated commit is waited on.
About 12 minutes (overhead for network slowness) is allocated, 14 total
runtime minutes on the job before it is force killed. If the workflow
was successful, the deployment for the branch in question begins. If any
other conclusion is found, or none at the end of the timer, the job
exits with an error so no deployment occurs.

If the branch is `develop`, execution runs autonomously to build and
test the package before publishing. Once all is successful, a publish of
the next tag is conducted.

If the branch is `master`, execution starts with the `prod-hold` job.
This is a job that accesses an environment that is defined with
"Required Reviewers". Meaning it will not allow the job to continue
until someone on that reviewer list has approved it to happen.

Once permission is granted, the `prod-deploy` job kicks off. Conducting
the same actions as the next release does, but no special tags on the
version which makes it `latest` and stable. Once the publish is out,
some key information is retrieved as output for the job.

Once a successful `prod-deploy` has happened, two jobs kick off. One
creates the GitHub Release, which uses the same script as was used in
CircleCI. The other sets up NodeJS, waits for the package to be visible
on npm if it isn't already, then installs the package globally. After
global installation finishes, a few tests of the package that was
deployed are run to ensure it is functional.

A key part of both workflows, is ensuring the package contents look
correct before publishing. To support more expansive testing of the
required behavior, a new node script is introduced. Which helps separate
the pre-publish and post-publish testing. As well as expands the
capability of that test to be more comprehensive.

### New Environment

A new environment is introduced, `production-deploy`. This is restricted
to only being accessible from the `master` branch. It is configured with
required reviewers. So *before* the environment can be accessed in a
workflow run, someone from the required reviewer group must manually
approve the access in the GitHub Actions UX.

This secondary environment is needed since we auto-deploy `next` tags
off the `develop` branch. But for `master` with stable deploys, we want
to have manual approval before it goes out. Since we can't add the
required reviewers to the main environment as that would impact
`develop`, this is made to target just stable releases.

## New pre-publish validation script

CircleCI is configured with a shell script that did some pre and post
deploy validation of the contents. While it is effective for the basics,
it was fairly minimal in what it did as a whole. This now has a far more
comprehensive suite of checks that runs for this step.

The new script pulls key data from the package to build a report. It
checks that _all_ contents of the `files` definition exist on the
filesystem. It then checks to ensure that the package can be imported in
CommonJS. After that, ensuring it is importable (along with all
importable files shipped) are capable of that in ESM. Finally, it
validates the SRI hashes defined in the sri history are what are
computed from the current version. The SRI check only occurs on `master`
and `release-` branches. As on `develop` the hash is not updated with
every change.

This script works by running as a Node ESM script. It pulls key
information, does the filesystem check, then links the package to
itself. This makes resolving the package pull the linked version on the
filesystem instead of the version installed by `@axe-core/webdriverjs`
for integration testing.

The output of this is logged to the console and compiled into a more
easily viewable step summary. The successful output of which can be seen
in [a comment on this
PR](#4929 (comment)).

## Addition of final tests before deployment of stable

One test not added previously, `test_rule_help_version`, which checks
for the docs to be live; is now added. As this only impacted stable
releases going out, it made sense to reduce the initial scope and
introduce this here.

The next test added was an explicit SRI validation. This runs on all
commits to `master` and `release-*` branches as well as all PRs
targeting them. It uses the old validation pathway for quickly getting
the check back in place. We can look into what to do with the SRI stuff
itself later.

## Removal of CircleCI Publishing Configuration

Within this patch, the CircleCI configuration to deploy to NPM is
removed since we now want to run only from OIDC on GitHub Actions. The
full test suite is not removed with this. It will be removed shortly
after this lands when we convert the required checks over to GHA for
merging.

## Visual Overviews

### Deploy Workflow

<figure><legend>Workflow Control Color Coding</legend>

| Color | Element |
|-------|---------|
| Light Blue - `#e1f5ff` | Start (Trigger) |
| Light Red - `#ffe1e1` | End (No Deploy) |
| Light Green - `#e1ffe1` | End (Success states) |
| Light Yellow - `#fff4e1` | Decision gates & Manual approval |

</figure>

<figure><legend>Step Color Coding</legend>

| Color | Step Name |
|-------|-----------|
| Blue - `#b3d9ff` | Checkout Code |
| Purple - `#d9b3ff` | Install Dependencies |
| Pink - `#ffb3d9` | Build Package |
| Green - `#b3ffb3` | Validate Package |
| Orange - `#ffd9b3` | Publish to NPM |

</figure>

<details><summary>Click to open diagram</summary>

```mermaid
flowchart TD
    Start([Push to master/develop]) --> WaitTests[wait-for-tests Job]
    
    WaitTests --> WT1[Checkout Code]
    WT1 --> WT2[Wait for Tests Workflow]
    WT2 --> TestSuccess{Tests Successful?}
    
    TestSuccess -->|No| End([End - Tests Failed])
    TestSuccess -->|Yes| BranchCheck{Which Branch?}
    
    BranchCheck -->|develop| DeployNext[deploy-next Job]
    BranchCheck -->|master| ProdHold[prod-hold Job]
    
    DeployNext --> DN1[Checkout Code]
    DN1 --> DN2[Install Dependencies]
    DN2 --> DN3[Build Package<br/>npm prepare & build]
    DN3 --> DN4[Determine Prerelease Version]
    DN4 --> DN5[Bump Version]
    DN5 --> DN6[Validate Package]
    DN6 --> DN7[Publish to NPM<br/>--tag=next]
    
    DN7 --> ValidateNextDeploy[validate-next-deploy Job]
    
    ValidateNextDeploy --> VND1[Checkout Code]
    VND1 --> VND2[Setup Node.js]
    VND2 --> VND3[Wait for Package on NPM]
    VND3 --> VND4[Validate Installation of next]
    VND4 --> EndNext([End - Next Version Validated])
    
    ProdHold --> PH1[Manual Approval Gate]
    PH1 --> ProdDeploy[prod-deploy Job]
    
    ProdDeploy --> PD1[Checkout Code]
    PD1 --> PD2[Install Dependencies]
    PD2 --> PD3[Build Package<br/>npm prepare & build]
    PD3 --> PD4[Validate Package]
    PD4 --> PD5[Publish to NPM<br/>stable version]
    PD5 --> PD6[Get Package Data<br/>version & name]
    
    PD6 --> CreateRelease[create-github-release Job]
    PD6 --> ValidateDeploy[validate-deploy Job]
    
    CreateRelease --> CR1[Checkout Code]
    CR1 --> CR2[Install Release Helper<br/>github-release tool]
    CR2 --> CR3[Download Release Script]
    CR3 --> CR4[Make Script Executable]
    CR4 --> CR5[Create GitHub Release]
    CR5 --> EndRelease([GitHub Release Created])
    
    ValidateDeploy --> VD1[Checkout Code]
    VD1 --> VD2[Setup Node.js]
    VD2 --> VD3[Wait for Package on NPM]
    VD3 --> VD4[Validate Installation of Stable]
    VD4 --> EndValidate([End - Deploy Validated])

    %% Consistent step colors with accessible text
    style DN1 fill:#b3d9ff,color:#001a33,stroke:#0066cc
    style PD1 fill:#b3d9ff,color:#001a33,stroke:#0066cc
    style CR1 fill:#b3d9ff,color:#001a33,stroke:#0066cc
    style WT1 fill:#b3d9ff,color:#001a33,stroke:#0066cc
    style VND1 fill:#b3d9ff,color:#001a33,stroke:#0066cc
    style VD1 fill:#b3d9ff,color:#001a33,stroke:#0066cc
    
    style DN2 fill:#d9b3ff,color:#1a0033,stroke:#6600cc
    style PD2 fill:#d9b3ff,color:#1a0033,stroke:#6600cc
    
    style DN3 fill:#ffb3d9,color:#330011,stroke:#cc0066
    style PD3 fill:#ffb3d9,color:#330011,stroke:#cc0066
    
    style DN6 fill:#b3ffb3,color:#2200,stroke:#00aa00
    style PD4 fill:#b3ffb3,color:#2200,stroke:#00aa00
    
    style DN7 fill:#ffd9b3,color:#331100,stroke:#cc6600
    style PD5 fill:#ffd9b3,color:#331100,stroke:#cc6600
    
    %% Decision/Gate styling
    style Start fill:#e1f5ff,color:#001a33
    style End fill:#ffe1e1,color:#330000
    style EndNext fill:#e1ffe1,color:#2200
    style EndRelease fill:#e1ffe1,color:#2200
    style EndValidate fill:#e1ffe1,color:#2200
    style PH1 fill:#fff4e1,color:#331100
    style TestSuccess fill:#fff4e1,color:#331100
    style BranchCheck fill:#fff4e1,color:#331100
```

</details>

### Validation Script

<figure><legend>Color Coding of Scopes</legend>

| Color | Scope |
|-------|-------|
| Dark Gray - `#1a1a1a` | Setup/Teardown |
| Blue - `#004d99` | File Existence Check |
| Orange/Brown - `#664d00` | CommonJS Compatibility Check |
| Purple - `#4d004d` | Importable Check |
| Teal - `#004d4d` | SRI Hash Validation |
| Gray - `#5c5c5c` | Skipped operations |

</figure>

<figure><legend>Color Coding of States</legend>

| Color | State |
|-------|-------|
| Green - `#2d5016` | Success |
| Red - `#7d1007` | Error/Failure |
| Gray - `#5c5c5c` | Skipped |

</figure>

<details><summary>Click to open diagram</summary>

```mermaid
flowchart TD
    Start([Start Script]) --> Init[Initialize Variables]
    Init --> FileCheck[File Existence Check]
    
    FileCheck --> FileLoop[For each file in pkg.files array]
    FileLoop --> FileExists{File exists?}
    FileExists -->|yes| FilePass[✓ Mark as Found]
    FileExists -->|no| FileFail[✗ Mark as Missing<br/>exitCode++]
    FilePass --> LinkSetup
    FileFail --> LinkSetup
    
    LinkSetup[Create npm link] -->|success| CJS[CommonJS Compatibility Check]
    LinkSetup -->|fail| LinkError[Log error and skip remaining checks]
    
    CJS --> CJSRequire{Require package successful?}
    CJSRequire -->|yes| CJSValidate{Validate export type and version exists?}
    CJSRequire -->|no| CJSFail[✗ CommonJS Failed<br/>exitCode++]
    CJSValidate -->|yes| CJSPass[✓ CommonJS Compatible]
    CJSValidate -->|no| CJSFail
    
    CJSPass --> Import
    CJSFail --> Import
    
    Import[Importable Check] --> ImportMain{Import main package?}
    ImportMain -->|success| ValidateMainVersion{Version property exists?}
    ImportMain -->|fail| ImportMainFail[✗ Not Importable<br/>anyCaught = true]
    
    ValidateMainVersion -->|yes| ImportMainPass[✓ Mark as Importable]
    ValidateMainVersion -->|no| ImportMainFail
    ImportMainPass --> ImportLoop
    ImportMainFail --> ImportLoop
    
    ImportLoop[For each file in pkg.files] --> FileType{File type?}
    FileType -->|skip .txt, .d.ts, folders| CheckAnyCaught
    FileType -->|check resolve| NodeModCheck{Resolves to node_modules?}
    
    NodeModCheck -->|yes| ImportNodeFail[✗ Resolves to node_modules<br/>exitCode++]
    NodeModCheck -->|no| ImportTry{Import successful?}
    
    ImportTry -->|yes| CheckVersion{Has version property?}
    ImportTry -->|no| ImportFileFail[✗ Not Importable<br/>anyCaught = true]
    CheckVersion -->|yes| ImportPass[✓ Importable]
    CheckVersion -->|no| ImportFileFail
    
    ImportPass --> CheckAnyCaught
    ImportFileFail --> CheckAnyCaught
    ImportNodeFail --> CheckAnyCaught
    
    CheckAnyCaught{anyCaught true?} -->|yes| ImportExit[exitCode++]
    CheckAnyCaught -->|no| SRICheck
    ImportExit --> SRICheck
    
    SRICheck[SRI Hash Validation] --> BranchCheck{Branch is master or release-*?}
    BranchCheck -->|no| SkipSRI[Skip SRI validation]
    BranchCheck -->|yes| SRILoad[Load sri-history.json<br/>Calculate hashes for axe.js and axe.min.js]
    
    SRILoad --> SRICompare{Hash matches expected?}
    SRICompare -->|yes| SRIPass[✓ Valid SRI]
    SRICompare -->|no| SRIFail[✗ Invalid SRI<br/>exitCode++]
    
    SRIPass --> Cleanup
    SRIFail --> Cleanup
    SkipSRI --> Cleanup
    
    Cleanup[Unlink npm package] --> End([Exit with exitCode])
    LinkError --> CleanupError[Attempt unlink if needed]
    CleanupError --> End
    
    style Start fill:#1a1a1a,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style Init fill:#1a1a1a,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style End fill:#1a1a1a,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    
    style FileCheck fill:#004d99,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style FileLoop fill:#004d99,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style FileExists fill:#004d99,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style FilePass fill:#2d5016,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style FileFail fill:#7d1007,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    
    style LinkSetup fill:#1a1a1a,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style LinkError fill:#7d1007,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    
    style CJS fill:#664d00,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style CJSRequire fill:#664d00,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style CJSValidate fill:#664d00,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style CJSPass fill:#2d5016,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style CJSFail fill:#7d1007,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    
    style Import fill:#4d004d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style ImportMain fill:#4d004d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style ValidateMainVersion fill:#4d004d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style ImportMainPass fill:#2d5016,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style ImportLoop fill:#4d004d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style FileType fill:#4d004d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style NodeModCheck fill:#4d004d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style ImportTry fill:#4d004d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style CheckVersion fill:#4d004d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style CheckAnyCaught fill:#4d004d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style ImportExit fill:#4d004d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style ImportPass fill:#2d5016,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style ImportMainFail fill:#7d1007,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style ImportFileFail fill:#7d1007,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style ImportNodeFail fill:#7d1007,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    
    style SRICheck fill:#004d4d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style BranchCheck fill:#004d4d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style SRILoad fill:#004d4d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style SRICompare fill:#004d4d,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style SRIPass fill:#2d5016,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style SRIFail fill:#7d1007,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style SkipSRI fill:#5c5c5c,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    
    style Cleanup fill:#1a1a1a,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
    style CleanupError fill:#1a1a1a,stroke:#000,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
```

</details> 

Fixes: #4912