Add support for C++ scoped enums#3640
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Cython/Compiler/Parsing.py
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| if s.systring != 'enum': | ||
| error(pos, "C struct/union cannot be declared cpdef") | ||
| return p_struct_enum(s, pos, ctx) | ||
| elif s.sy == 'IDENT' and s.systring == 'enumclass': |
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enum class seems better here, I think, and should be perfectly backwards compatible.
Also, this should be restricted to C++ mode.
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Agreed - enumclass was just easier to add support for quickly, but will change this to enum class.
Cython/Compiler/ExprNodes.py
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| if entry.is_type and entry.type.is_extension_type: | ||
| self.type_entry = entry | ||
| if entry.is_type and entry.type.is_enum: | ||
| if entry.is_type and (entry.type.is_enum or entry.type.is_scoped_enum): |
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Is a "scoped enum" not an "enum"? I.e. is it better to have separate types and say "or" from time to time, or have scoped enums be a subtype and say "and not" when they should behave differently?
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I don't feel strongly here. I can make it such that a scoped enum "is a" enum.
Semantically speaking, I guess the correct thing would be to have is_enum, is_scoped_enum, and is_unscoped_enum, where scoped_enum and unscoped_enum are the two distinct types of enum.
Not advocating for this though, just presenting it as a third option if it's appealing to you :)
| if not enum_values: | ||
| error(entry.pos, "Empty enum definition not allowed outside a 'cdef extern from' block") |
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This seems fairly late for such an error. Isn't this something that the parser could detect? Or at least the declaration analysis?
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I moved the this check to the parser. Please note however, that for C-style enums, it is still being done during code generation. Happy to change that too if the parser code looks good to you.
Cython/Compiler/PyrexTypes.py
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| if constructor is not None and best_match([], constructor.all_alternatives()) is None: | ||
| error(pos, "C++ class must have a nullary constructor to be %s" % msg) | ||
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| class ScopedEnumType(CType): |
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Seems worth naming this CppScopedEnumType to make it stick out in the code as something C++ specific.
Cython/Compiler/Symtab.py
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| entry = self.lookup_here(name) | ||
| if not entry: |
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This suggests an error test (in tests/errors/ with # mode: error) that a redeclaration gets detected and rejected.
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Thanks for catching this - I added an error test
…cython into add-scoped-enums-support
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| cdef enum class Cheese: | ||
| cheddar = 1 | ||
| camembert = 2 |
Cython/Compiler/Nodes.py
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| enum_entry.type.values.append(entry.name) | ||
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| class CppScopedEnumDefNode(StatNode): |
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This (and CppScopedEnumDefItemNode) look relatively similar to their equivalent regular enums. My personal inclination would be to try to do it all in the existing classes, maybe with an optional scope parameter. Or if there's reasons not to do that then use inheritance to capture the shared bits.
There may be good reasons I'm not seeing why this wouldn't work though.
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Thanks and 100% agreed about the code repetition here. I'm more inclined to pursue the inheritance route. The two constructs enum and enum class have different enough behaviour that I think trying to implement them both with the same class could become a hindrance in time.
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@da-woods I'm having some second thoughts here and would love your input:
CEnumType inherits from CIntLike, and rightly so, as C-style enums are trivially convertible to integers: https://wandbox.org/permlink/b7kkoNz4gI2mjNXx
However, scoped enums are not trivially convertible to integers: https://wandbox.org/permlink/2CB5lmrX04rokcT6. So implicit treatment of a scoped enum as an int at the C++ level would likely break things.
As I mentioned here, I think the right semantics could be captured with something like a BaseEnum class, and subclasses CEnum and CppScopedEnum.
Does that sound reasonable?
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Ah apologies, I see that this comment if about the associated Node, not PyrexType.
I think inheritance could still be applied here.
| def visit_CEnumDefNode(self, node): | ||
| return self.visit_StatNode(node, True) | ||
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| def visit_CppScopedEnumDefNode(self, node): |
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These are extra changes that could potentially go away if you were able to use the existing CEnumDefNode or inheritance.
Cython/Utility/CppConvert.pyx
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| tmp.imag = <double>z.imag() | ||
| return tmp | ||
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| #################### enum_class.from_py #################### |
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This stuff looks simple enough that I wonder if it really needs utility code - why not just generate the C++ casts directly?
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It's possible that the converted utility code is actually doing more type-checking etc than I'm giving it credit for, of course...
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Apologies - what does "generate the C++ casts directly" mean? We basically need to be able to convert Python objects to and from underlying_type (which is only known at runtime). What's the best way to do that?
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Looking at it again, it doesn't seem completely unreasonable - it obviously has to generate things like overflow-checks so the code is doing more than it initially looks.
However - here's what I'd try:
The conversions go object -> int_type -> enum and enum -> int_type -> object.
The object <-> int_type is taken from CIntLike so use their implementation. create_from_py_utility_code can become something like:
def create_from_py_utility_code(self, env):
if self.from_py_function:
return True
if CIntLike.create_from_py_utility_code(self, env):
self.from_py_function = 'static_cast<%s>(%s)' % (
self.cname, self.from_py_function)
return False
i.e. all you've really done is wrapped the existing conversion in a cast.
It's possible I've missed something important here and it won't work, but I think it's worth a go.
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Yes! Something like this works, except that for to_py_function, I needed to get clever and use C++ lambdas, to make a callable that correctly does the two chained casts:
def create_to_py_utility_code(self, env):
if self.to_py_function is not None:
return True
if self.underlying_type.create_to_py_utility_code(env):
self.to_py_function = '[](const %s& x){return %s((%s)x);}' % (
self.cname,
self.underlying_type.to_py_function,
self.underlying_type.empty_declaration_code()
)
return True
scoder
left a comment
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I agree with @da-woods that we should use less code on this. Enums and scoped enums do not seem different enough to have separate implementations. The parser can share most of the code, the declaration node can use inheritance, and the types should at least reuse code as much as possible, even if C++ enums are not integers (which, BTW, speaks against setting is_enum for them, because that refers to a C (integer) enum).
Cython/Compiler/Parsing.py
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| if s.peek()[1] in ('class', 'struct'): | ||
| return p_cpp_scoped_enum_definition(s, pos, ctx) | ||
| else: | ||
| return p_c_enum_definition(s, pos, ctx) |
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This would also benefit from a single entry point, instead of peeking ahead. You can see class and struct as modifiers here that change the final appearance of the enum, not the way it's parsed.
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As recommended, I've made it such that we have a single parsing function
Cython/Utility/CppConvert.pyx
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| cdef enum class enumtype "{{type}}": | ||
| pass |
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Why is this needed? Can't we just use {{type}} as cast and return type below?
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I struggled a lot with getting that to work. Below is a summary; perhaps I was missing something obvious:
The problem is essentially making {{type}} visible to the utility code. Looking at other examples in the code base, I figured that the outer_module_scope= arg here would take care of that:
env.use_utility_code(CythonUtilityCode.load(
"enum_class.to_py",
"CppConvert.pyx",
context=context,
outer_module_scope=env.global_scope(), # need access to types declared in module
compiler_directives=env.directives
))However, it fails when the type hasn't been cimport'd directly, but rather accessed with . notation:
from cheese cimport Cheese
cdef Cheese d = int(1) # this worked finecimport cheese
cdef cheese.Cheese d = int(1) # this didn't work Then, I tried adding the type to the context so that it would be picked up by context_types:
context.update(
{
...
self.name: self # add `self` as a context_type
}
)
env.use_utility_code(CythonUtilityCode.load(
"enum_class.to_py",
"CppConvert.pyx",
context=context,
outer_module_scope=env.global_scope(), # need access to types declared in module
compiler_directives=env.directives
))That resulted in breaking the symbol table entry for the enum. This is where I struggled; I eventually traced it to this line, where the entry gets overwritten and loses its enum_values, breaking things downstream.
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This is no longer relevant as I removed this utility code :)
Co-authored-by: scoder <stefan_ml@behnel.de>
Cython/Compiler/Parsing.py
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| if scoped: | ||
| s.error("Unnamed scoped enum not allowed") | ||
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| if s.sy == '(': |
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| if s.sy == '(': | |
| if scoped and s.sy == '(': |
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This seems worth another error test, BTW.
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I just pushed bb544d5 which I think is what you are looking for, but please let me know if I misunderstood :-)
Co-authored-by: scoder <stefan_ml@behnel.de>
Co-authored-by: scoder <stefan_ml@behnel.de>
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Thanks! |
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Thank you all for the incredible work on implementation and reviewing process! I'm so excited to try this out! 🚀 🥳 🎉 |
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This code is generated for the Note how it says I stumbled over this when looking at the appveyor build results because the Py3.4 builds are failing with these errors: They are using an old MSVC version which doesn't even recognise the |
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Yes, I believe that's correct. See Specifically:
Edit: it also appears that it's an error to use That being said, it's possible we don't have to use the elaborated type specifier. I'll look into it. |
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@scoder it's a question of removing the I can certainly put in a PR that will do that, but I guess it's worth bringing up that elaborated type specifiers are useful to disambiguate between types and non-types of the same name. I'm not sure whether this is a concern in Cython-generated code. Happy to do whatever you feel is best here. |
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@scoder Any thoughts here? |
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My view would be either:
Given that the elaborated type specifiers have the potential to be somewhat useful then I think it makes sense to keep them where possible. |
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Thanks @da-woods. Happy to look into using a |
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This reverts commit bcb9387. * Revert "Add support for pow operator." This reverts commit d849fb2. * Revert "Python-style binary operation methods." This reverts commit e6a8124. * Re-add "c_api_binop_methods" directive for backwards compatibility after reverting cython#3633 and force it to "False". Closes cython#3688. * Change the default of the "c_api_binop_methods" directive to False. (cythonGH-3644) This is a backwards incompatible change that enables Python semantics for special methods by default, while the directive allows users to opt out of it and go back to the previous C-ish Cython semantics. See cython#2056 * Always bind Cython functions in Py3 (cythonGH-3683) Rebased 1bb26b9 for cython 0.29.x, and made conditional to Python 3. This does not solve the original staticmethod problem in Python 2 but it does resolve classmethod problems in Python 3.9. Therefore, it unbreaks other packages on Python 3.9, improves overall state for Python 3 and does not introduce regressions in Python 2. * Limit the scope of a local variable in a helper function. * Avoid a C compiler warning about a constant condition. * Remove dead code. * Update changelog. * Add support for C++ scoped enums with "enum class" and "enum struct" (cythonGH-3640) Closes cython#1603. * Add missing "PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH" to unicode.pxd (cythonGH-3692) * Add missing "PyUnicode_GET_LENGTH" to unicode.pxd (cythonGH-3692) * Fix usage of deprecated Py_UNICODE API. * Add safety fix to avoid reading a character from the empty string. * Fix prefix of internal function name. * Fix definition of "__Pyx_CyFunction_USED", which should only be #defined and not have a value. * Avoid using "tp_name" when CYTHON_COMPILING_IN_LIMITED_API (cythonGH-3693) * exec() did not allow recent Python syntax features in Py3.8+ due to https://bugs.python.org/issue35975 Closes cython#3695 * Avoid using the "tp_iternext" slot when CYTHON_USE_TYPE_SLOTS is disabled. * Give the "__Pyx_PyObject_GetIterNext" helper macro a more explanatory name. * Avoid unused variable in PyPy etc. * Avoid a call to PyTuple_GET_ITEM() to get the item array pointer if CYTHON_ASSUME_SAFE_MACROS is disabled. 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Type "end" and hit enter. -> These "other lines" will get executed * Fixed a bug in cygdb: cy list now works outside of functions. * Added print_hr_allmarkers function for easier debugging. * Fixed a bug that broke cygdb: cy break did not work if you put the breakpoint outside of a function if there was e.g. the following somewhere in your *.pyx file: cdef class SomeClass(): pass * Added a Cygdb test for printing global variables. * Fixing cygdb: Replaced cy print with a simple, working solution. * If an exception in Cygdb occurs, a stacktrace will be printed. * Fixed a bug that broke cy break -p * Bugfix: The compiler now writes out correctly which cython linenumber and path corresponds to which c linenumber. * Set language_level=2 in runtests.py * Update changelog. * Add a "gdb" test tag that depends on being able to run gdb. * Update CPython "test_fstring" copy to Py3.9. * Improved documentation for annotation typing (cythonGH-3799) Mainly by moving it to a separate section to make it easier to find, however also added a small amount of extra information about some of the obvious limitations. * Fix `return None` in CodeWriter. (cythonGH-3795) * Rename "GCC_DIAGNOSTIC" macro to make it Cython specific and make it available to other utility code sections. * Add a test for unpacking large PyLong values. * Silence gcc diagnostics whenever -1 is cast to something user provided. (cythonGH-3803) Fixes cythonGH-2749. * Define extern `PyBUF_MAX_NDIM` (cythonGH-3811) Ensure that Cython exposes `PyBUF_MAX_NDIM` from Python as part of `cpython.buffer` to allow access to developers. * Change test to use only integer calculations to prevent platform specific rounding issues, while keeping a reasonable distribution of integers across the PyLong digit ranges. * Created a glossary and added one new entry (cythonGH-3810) * Call destructors for structs in C++ (cythonGH-3228) In C++ mode, structs can contain C++ classes. Therefore structs should have their destructors called to ensure any class contained is also destructed. Also, a bit more thorough about ensuring constructor is generated where necessary. Closes cythonGH-3226. * Rename "GCC_DIAGNOSTIC" macro to make it Cython specific and make it available to other utility code sections. * Silence gcc diagnostics whenever -1 is cast to something user provided. (cythonGH-3803) Fixes cythonGH-2749. * Allow cast to ctuple (cythonGH-3812) * Make asyncio.iscoroutinefunction() recognise Cython compiled coroutines. (cythonGH-3427) Python's asyncio.coroutines uses an object to tag objects as coroutine functions. We now read this object and use it to tag Cython compiled coroutines as well. It also includes tests to make sure `asyncio.iscoroutinefunction()` works as expected. This doesn't fix `inspect.iscouroutinefunction()` (which uses a flag that can trigger undesirable behaviour for cython functions). Closes cython#2273 * Do not cover lines that were excluded in the coveragerc config file (cythonGH-3682) Closes cython#3680. * Add doc support for cpdef enum (cythonGH-3813) * Update changelog. * Add "check_size ignore" to all NumPy.pxd class declarations to silence the useless size warnings about them. See numpy/numpy#432 (comment) Also remove the useless "extern" modifiers from cdef classes declared in "extern" sections. * Update changelog. * Update changelog. * Support utility code in headers (cythonGH-3779) Specifically this allows public packed structs but may also allow other public declarations that require small amounts of utility code. * Prevent overflowing hash values for "Machines.Node" due to arbitrarily large unsigned pointer values. Closes cython#3840 * Extract "error_type" handling from the type creation functions. * Remember in the AnnotationsWriter when a serialised expression contained unknown/unsupported nodes. * Do not include "u" string prefix in annotations since tools that process them probably expect Py3 string semantics anyway. * Keep AnnotationNode instead of the bare annotation expression in "entry.annotation" to get access to the string representation. * Fix test after removing the 'u' prefix from unicode string annotation values. * Add support for PEP 526 `__annotations__` in class body. (cythonGH-3829) Closes cython#2552 * Some more glossary entries (cythonGH-3836) * Rename test file to avoid ambiguity with the C "const" modifier. * Join '*' and '**' parsing in declarators to avoid differences for 'const' parsing etc. * Set language level in Cython's speed-up .pxd files since it no longer depends on the .py files that they correspond to. * Declare "scanner.sy" as "unicode" string to optimise its usage. * Use more recent C-API functions on tear-down of the embedding code. * Improve some wordings in README.rst (cythonGH-3852) * Restore Py2 compatibility in test. * Replace useless comment. * Fixed assorted crashes with fused types (cythonGH-3853) Show a more detailed error for unspecializable fused return types. * Add a more common and more versatile example to the Verbatim C-Code documentation. * Fix RST typo. * Make C code C89 again. * Add support for forwarding references (cythonGH-3821) See, for example, https://isocpp.org/blog/2012/11/universal-references-in-c11-scott-meyers Closes cython#3814 * Avoid C compiler warnings about unused variables in test. * Avoid C compiler warning about unused variable in test. * Test Py3.7 and Py3.8 in C and C++ mode under appveyor. Run both in the same job since the machines are quite fast with parallel processes, but setting one up is slow. * Fix test compile failure in MSVC. * Allow creation of wrappers for cdef functions with memoryviews (cythonGH-3856) Fixes cython#3843 * Clean up and test type identifier escaping. - hash() hashing lead to unpredictable random prefixes for long names across multiple runs - use a single regex run instead of repeated calls to replace() * Move a memoryview test out of the "run" test directory since memoryview tests tend to be slow and have their own test directory. * Fix test compile failure in MSVC. * Clarify the section on exception return values. * Be a bit more paranoid about macro usage in the refnanny code. * Looks like the usual macro on Windows is "_WIN32" and not "WIN32". Let's support both, to be on the safe side. * Try to fix platform specific test once more. "synchapi.h" is not supposed to be included directly, and "windows.h" can break ... other stuff. Let's see what we can do. * Fix ReST typo. * docs: fix typos, minor clarification. * Minor docs clarification on error return values. (cythonGH-3859) * Replace deprecated Element.getiterator() with Element.iter(). (cythonGH-3864) `xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.getiterator()` was deprecated in Python 2.7 & 3.2 and removed in the freshly released Python 3.9. * Prefer Element.iter() over the deprecated Element.getiterator(). (cythonGH-3865) `xml.etree.ElementTree.Element.getiterator()` was deprecated in Python 2.7 & 3.2 and removed in Python 3.9. * Split a combined assert in two to avoid an unused C temp variable when assertions are disabled. (cythonGH-3870) * Split a combined assert in two to avoid an unused C temp variable when assertions are disabled. (cythonGH-3870) * Disable a test that fails in Py2 in 0.29.x since 'str' is 'unicode' in cython3, also in Python 2. * Rename test file to avoid ambiguity with the C "const" modifier. * Use more recent C-API functions on tear-down of the embedding code. * Make type identifier escaping deterministic: hash() hashing lead to unpredictable random prefixes for long names across multiple Python runs. * Clarify the section on exception return values. * Fix ReST typo. * docs: fix typos, minor clarification. * Minor docs clarification on error return values. (cythonGH-3859) * Add Python 3.9 to appveyor build. * Resolve merge conflict. * Removed `same_as` methods from Plex.Actions.Action (cythonGH-3847) It seems to be unused and it looked like the existing implementation was faulty. * Fix test after changing the hash method used for escaping long type descriptions. * Add warning for common user mistake and fix crash relating to annotated attributes. (cythonGH-3850) Closes cython#3830 * Improve error reporting when users mistakenly write "&&" or "||" instead of Python's "and" and "or" operators. (cythonGH-3858) * Disable the embedding test on MacOS-X to get the builds green again. Too many PRs depend on the travis tests to give a green light. * Simplify the output stream capturing for the C compiler runs by using a temp file instead of threads. * Help reporters see the first paragraph of the bug report template. * Detect _MSC_VER for __PYX_STD_MOVE_IF_SUPPORTED to support MSVC support even when "__cplusplus" is not set appropriately (cythonGH-3792) * Fix memoryview casts involving fused types (cythonGH-3882) I think this approach is more satisfactory than the old way it used to "work", where "fused_to_specific" was permanently added to the module scope containing the fused type (in this case the Cython scope), was applied in "Scope.lookup_type", but continued to have an effect on the scope forever. Closes cython#3881 * Add O_DIRECT to posix/fcntl.pxd (cythonGH-3894) Closes cython#3242 Co-authored-by: Stefan Behnel <stefan_ml@behnel.de> Co-authored-by: Jeroen Demeyer <jeroen.k.demeyer@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Robert Bradshaw <robertwb@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Michał Górny <mgorny@gentoo.org> Co-authored-by: Ashwin Srinath <3190405+shwina@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Thomas A Caswell <tcaswell@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Matthias Braun <matze@braunis.de> Co-authored-by: da-woods <dw-git@d-woods.co.uk> Co-authored-by: Tao He <sighingnow@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Victor Stinner <vstinner@python.org> Co-authored-by: Clemens <chofreither@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: will <timwilloney@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: serge-sans-paille <serge.guelton@telecom-bretagne.eu> Co-authored-by: Yuan <pyslvs@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Volker-Weissmann <39418860+Volker-Weissmann@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Tao He <linzhu.ht@alibaba-inc.com> Co-authored-by: cf-natali <cf.natali@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: jakirkham <jakirkham@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Tasha "Ren" Chin <tasha.s.chin@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Pedro Marques da Luz <pmdaluz@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Mathias Laurin <Mathias.Laurin+github.com@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: matham <moiein2000@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Sean <stewart.d.sean@gmail.com> Co-authored-by: Rajat Dash <49777622+DARKPROGRAMMER16@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: ptype <ptype@users.noreply.github.com> Co-authored-by: Nick Pope <nick.pope@flightdataservices.com> Co-authored-by: Jeppe Dakin <jeppe_dakin@hotmail.com> Co-authored-by: Zackery Spytz <zspytz@gmail.com>
This PR adds support for C++ scoped enumerations, (
enum class). Addresses #1603.Workarounds exist for wrapping external C++ enum classes. These are reported in the issue above. However, they don't solve the following problems:
This PR addresses the above by adding "true" support for scoped enums.
cdef enum classsyntaxAdds a newCppScopedEnumDefNodenode typeCppScopedEnumPyrexTypeCppScopedEnumScopefor the enum valuesAdds utilitiesenum.from_pyandenum.to_pyfor converting between Python int-like objects and enum valuescpdef enum class, which generates a Python Enum similar tocpdef enumPlease note: this is my first time contributing to Cython - please forgive coding faux pas on my part :-)