This is a tracking issue for features in Notchian minecraft that are not implemented in Cuberite, broken down by version. Component features have links to individual issues.

Pre 1.0

• Slime Chunks Slime spawn in light #2233 Slimes don't have designated chunks #5130
• Command Blocks New 1.9 command blocks not supported. #3239 Command blocks wont open/work #5131

Version 1.0

The End:

• It's own issue The End MEGA issue #4907
• Monster spawn stone bricks Block spawning silverfishes #4908

Mobs:

• Spawning Villager in Villages (No trading until 1.3) Villagers not spawning in villages #4909

Version 1.1

• Blacksmith buildings in villages now have a chest that contains loot. Add contents to generated chests #1097

Version 1.2.1

• Iron Golem spawning in Villages Iron golems not spawning in villages #4910
• Zombie Sieges (Already removed from the game so not implemented)
• Villager Breeding #5356
• Wolf Breeding Wolf breeding is not possible #4911

Version 1.3.1

• Wood Blocks (the ones with the texture on all sides) Wood blocks are missing (the ones with the texture on all sides) renamed to bark #4912
• Villager trading Villagers don't trade #3450
• Writing books Implement written books. #762 [WIP]Implement written books #4616
• Starting Chest Missing starting chest ("Bonus Chest") #4913

Version 1.4.2

• Wither Boss bar Add boss health bar #4915
• Whitch Witch behaviour #4905
• Mob Spawner specialized NBT tags to spawn equiped mobs Additional mob spawner options #4916
• NBT tags as potion descriptors NBT tags for potion effects #4917
• Carrots and potatoes can be found in farms in villages Villages should generate with all types of crops in different growth stages #4824

Version 1.5

• Daylight sensor Add daylight detector functionality #4918
• New Rails Create different rail types. #215
• Abandoned mineshaft: Now spawn items in minecarts with chests, instead of chests Generate Minecarts with chests instead of plain chests in mineshafts #4919
• Renamed item containers will now display that name when viewing the container's contents Renamed item containers don't show their name in the GUI #4920
• Renamed Command Blocks now use their name instead of @ in the chat New 1.9 command blocks not supported. #3239

Version 1.6

• Horse Riding Horse head goes crazy when riding #3839 Add horse riding ($10) #703
• Attribute system Add Attributes and Modifiers #4921
• Added chest generation in nether fortresses Add contents to generated chests #1097

Version 1.6.1

• Added mules Mules are not implemented. #5474

Version 1.7

• proper packed ice Proper packed ice movement behaviour #4923
• Minecart with command block Add mobs and entities from 1.8 and up #3499
• Witch huts now generate with a witch inside. Witch behaviour #4905
• Some biomes
  • Add Biome Variants #248
  • Add the Sunflower Plains Biome #238
  • Add the Roofed Forest Biome #239
  • Add the Flower Forest Biome #241
  • Add Mega Taiga Biome #243
  • Add the Ice Plains Spikes Biome #246
• Make maps visible in item frames Can not see maps in itemframes #2596

Version 1.8

• Arrows should slow down under water Arrows should slow down under water #5036
• Villagers don't harvest crops Villagers don't harvest crops #5037
• Pets should show death message if named with a name tag Pets should show death message if named with a name tag #5038

Version 1.9

• Elytra doesn't glide Implement Elytra #4311
• End crystals can't be placed End crystals can't be placed #5039
• No attack cooldown No attack cooldown #5040

Version 1.10

• Magma blocks don't hurt the player or mobs Magma blocks don't hurt the player or mobs #5041
• Implement structure blocks Implement structure blocks #5042
• Chorus fruit and ender pearls should teleport the player off of rideable mobs Chorus fruit and ender pearls should teleport the player off of rideable mobs #5043
• Eating Chorus fruit should sometimes teleport the player Eating Chorus fruit should sometimes teleport the player #5044

Version 1.11

• /locate command /locate command #5046
• Add Shulker Box Add Shulker Box #4838
• Implement totem of undying behaviour Implement totem of undying behaviour #5047
• Shield doesn't do anything Shield doesn't do anything #3208

Version 1.12

• Advancements Add support for advancements #3770
• Beds should be dyeable Beds should be dyeable #5048
• Add parrots Add parrots #5049

This list does not claim be to be complete. I went through the patch notes on the wiki and tried out some stuff. It's just a start.

I didn't check the versions older then 1.0 (so beta, alpha,...)

There might be some changes to the mentioned features that I didn't consider!

The striked entries have been removed or updated in newer versions

1.8 thru 1.12 thanks to @PureTryOut

Note: the baseline for this list is: 23bca00