43194: opt: use transitive equalities to infer filters r=rytaft a=rytaft

Previously, the optimizer was not inferring all possible filters
based on equality conditions. For example, consider a query such
as:
```
SELECT * FROM t
JOIN u ON t.a = u.a
JOIN v ON u.a = v.a
JOIN w ON v.a = w.a
WHERE t.a = 5;
```
Ideally, the optimizer should infer additional filter conditions
`u.a = 5 AND v.a = 5 AND w.a = 5` based on the equality conditions.
However, this was not occurring because the optimizer only considered
equality conditions that were at the same level in the query tree as the
filter to be mapped. Now the optimizer also considers equality conditions
that are further down in the tree, so that additional filters can
be inferred based on transitive equalities.

Informs #43039

Release note (performance improvement): The optimizer can now infer
additional filter conditions in some cases based on transitive equalities
between columns.

43218: backupccl: stop swallowing error in restoreResumer.OnFailOrCancel() r=ajwerner a=ajwerner

In `restoreResumer.OnFailOrCancel()` we'd return nil when encountering a
non-nil error in a call to `sqlbase.RemovePublicTableNamespaceEntry()`.
Error handling in `jobs.Resumer.OnFailOrCancel()` is a tricky proposition but
this behavior is certainly wrong.

Release note: None

Co-authored-by: Rebecca Taft <becca@cockroachlabs.com>
Co-authored-by: Andrew Werner <ajwerner@cockroachlabs.com>