"Do, or do not. There is no try."

We're setting out to change that: try cmd and commit---or not.

try lets you run a command and inspect its effects before changing your live system. try uses Linux's namespaces (via unshare) and the overlayfs union filesystem.

Please note that try is a prototype and not a full sandbox, and should not be used to execute commands that you don't already trust on your system, (i.e. devices in /dev are mounted in the sandbox, and network calls are all allowed.) Please do not attempt any commands that will remove everything in /dev or write zeros to your disks.

try relies on the following dependencies

• util-linux

In cases where overlayfs doesn't work on nested mounts, you will need either mergerfs or unionfs. try should be able to autodetect them, but you can specify the path to mergerfs or unionfs with -U (e.g. try -U ~/.local/bin/unionfs)

To run try's test suite (test/run_tests.sh), you will need:

• bash
• expect

try has been tested on the following distributions:

• Ubuntu 20.04 LTS or later
• Debian 12
• Fedora 38
• Centos 9 Stream 5.14.0-325.el9
• Arch 6.1.33-1-lts
• Alpine 6.1.34-1-lts
• Rocky 9 5.14.0-284.11.1.el9_2
• SteamOS 3.4.8 5.13.0-valve36-1-neptune

You only need the try script, which you can download by cloning this repository:

$ git clone https://github.com/binpash/try.git

try is present in AUR, you can install it with your preferred AUR helper:

yay -S try

or manually:

git clone https://aur.archlinux.org/try.git
cd try
makepkg -sic

try is a higher-order command, like xargs, exec, nohup, or find. For example, to install a package via pip3, you can invoke try as follows:

$ try pip3 install libdash
... # output continued below

By default, try will ask you to commit the changes made at the end of its execution.

...
Defaulting to user installation because normal site-packages is not writeable
Collecting libdash
  Downloading libdash-0.3.1-cp310-cp310-manylinux_2_17_x86_64.manylinux2014_x86_64.whl (254 kB)
     ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 254.6/254.6 KB 2.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: libdash
Successfully installed libdash-0.3.1
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv

Changes detected in the following files:

/tmp/tmp.zHCkY9jtIT/upperdir/home/gliargovas/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/libdash/ast.py (modified/added)
/tmp/tmp.zHCkY9jtIT/upperdir/home/gliargovas/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/libdash/_dash.py (modified/added)
/tmp/tmp.zHCkY9jtIT/upperdir/home/gliargovas/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/libdash/__init__.py (modified/added)
/tmp/tmp.zHCkY9jtIT/upperdir/home/gliargovas/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/libdash/__pycache__/printer.cpython-310.pyc (modified/added)
/tmp/tmp.zHCkY9jtIT/upperdir/home/gliargovas/.local/lib/python3.10/site-packages/libdash/__pycache__/ast.cpython-310.pyc (modified/added)
<snip>

Commit these changes? [y/N] y

Sometimes, you might want to pre-execute a command and commit its result at a later time. Running try -n will print the overlay directory on STDOUT without committing the result.

$ try -n "curl https://sh.rustup.rs | sh"
/tmp/tmp.uCThKq7LBK

Alternatively, you can specify your own existing overlay directory using the -D [dir] flag:

$ mkdir rustup-sandbox
$ try -D rustup-sandbox "curl https://sh.rustup.rs | sh"
$ ls rustup-sandbox
temproot  upperdir  workdir

As you can see from the output above, try has created an overlay environment in the rustup-sandbox directory.

Manually inspecting upperdir reveals the changes to the files made inside the overlay during the execution of the previous command with try:

~/try/rustup-sandbox/upperdir$ du -hs .
1.2G    .

You can inspect the changes made inside a given overlay directory using try:

$ try summary rustup-sandbox/ | head

Changes detected in the following files:

rustup-sandbox//upperdir/home/ubuntu/.profile (modified/added)
rustup-sandbox//upperdir/home/ubuntu/.bashrc (modified/added)
rustup-sandbox//upperdir/home/ubuntu/.rustup/update-hashes/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu (modified/added)
rustup-sandbox//upperdir/home/ubuntu/.rustup/settings.toml (modified/added)
rustup-sandbox//upperdir/home/ubuntu/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/libstd-8389830094602f5a.so (modified/added)
rustup-sandbox//upperdir/home/ubuntu/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/etc/lldb_commands (modified/added)
rustup-sandbox//upperdir/home/ubuntu/.rustup/toolchains/stable-x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/lib/rustlib/etc/gdb_lookup.py (modified/added)

You can also choose to commit the overlay directory contents:

$ try commit rustup-sandbox

You can also run try explore to open your current shell in try, or /try explore /tmp/tmp.X6OQb5tJwr to explore an existing sandbox.

Any command that interacts with other users/groups will fail since only the current user's UID/GID are mapped. However, the future branch has support for uid/mapping; please refer to the that branch's readme for installation instructions for the uid/gidmapper.

Please also report any issue you run into while using the future branch!

• 0.1.0 - 2023-06-25
  • Initial release.

checkinstall (unmaintained)

checkinstall keeps track of all the files created or modified by your installation script, builds a standard binary package and installs it in your system. This package can then be easily installed, managed, and removed using the package manager of your Linux distribution. It helps in maintaining a clean and organized system by keeping track of installed software and its dependencies.

This project is licensed under the MIT License - see LICENSE for details.

Copyright (c) 2023 The PaSh Authors.