This will serve as a sink ExecNode which dumps all the batches it receives to disk. The PR should probably also replace FileSystemDataset::Write with an ExecPlan based implementation

Reporter: Ben Kietzman / @bkietz
Assignee: Weston Pace / @westonpace

Subtasks:

• [C++] Create LruCache that works with futures
• [C++] Create dataset writer to encapsulate dataset writer logic

Related issues:

• [C++] Query engine umbrella issue (is a child of)
• [C++][Dataset] Dataset writes should respect backpressure (is depended upon by)
• [C++] Remove deprecated Scanner::Scan (is depended upon by)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #11017

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-13542. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}