The error is shown with infof rather than failf so that the user will
see the extended error message information only in verbose mode, and
will still see the standard CURLE_AUTH_ERROR message. For example:

---

* schannel: InitializeSecurityContext failed: SEC_E_QOP_NOT_SUPPORTED
(0x8009030A) - The per-message Quality of Protection is not supported by
the security package
* multi_done
* Connection #1 to host 127.0.0.1 left intact
curl: (94) An authentication function returned an error

---

Ref: curl#6302

Closes curl#6315

Fixes msan warnings:

==54195==WARNING: MemorySanitizer: use-of-uninitialized-value
    #0 0x55ece35e57cb in line_length /home/runner/work/curl/curl/tests/server/getpart.c:111:25
    #1 0x55ece35e3b83 in readline /home/runner/work/curl/curl/tests/server/getpart.c:164:24
    #2 0x55ece35e0269 in getpart /home/runner/work/curl/curl/tests/server/getpart.c:347:18
    #3 0x55ece36180b6 in parse_servercmd /home/runner/work/curl/curl/tests/server/sws.c:283:13

Closes curl#10822

`u->path = Curl_memdup(path, pathlen + 1);` accesses bytes after the null-terminator.

```
==2676==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x04d48c75 at pc 0x0112708a bp 0x006fb7e0 sp 0x006fb3c4
READ of size 78 at 0x04d48c75 thread T0
    #0 0x1127089 in __asan_wrap_memcpy D:\a\_work\1\s\src\vctools\asan\llvm\compiler-rt\lib\sanitizer_common\sanitizer_common_interceptors.inc:840
    #1 0x1891a0e in Curl_memdup C:\actions-runner\_work\client\client\third_party\curl\lib\strdup.c:97
    #2 0x18db4b0 in parseurl C:\actions-runner\_work\client\client\third_party\curl\lib\urlapi.c:1297
    #3 0x18db819 in parseurl_and_replace C:\actions-runner\_work\client\client\third_party\curl\lib\urlapi.c:1342
    #4 0x18d6e39 in curl_url_set C:\actions-runner\_work\client\client\third_party\curl\lib\urlapi.c:1790
    #5 0x1877d3e in parseurlandfillconn C:\actions-runner\_work\client\client\third_party\curl\lib\url.c:1768
    #6 0x1871acf in create_conn C:\actions-runner\_work\client\client\third_party\curl\lib\url.c:3403
    #7 0x186d8dc in Curl_connect C:\actions-runner\_work\client\client\third_party\curl\lib\url.c:3888
    #8 0x1856b78 in multi_runsingle C:\actions-runner\_work\client\client\third_party\curl\lib\multi.c:1982
    #9 0x18531e3 in curl_multi_perform C:\actions-runner\_work\client\client\third_party\curl\lib\multi.c:2756
```

Closes curl#11560

In order to make MSAN happy:

    ==2200945==WARNING: MemorySanitizer: use-of-uninitialized-value
    #0 0x596f3b3ed246 in curlx_strtoofft [...]/libcurl/src/lib/strtoofft.c:239:11
    #1 0x596f3b402156 in Curl_httpchunk_read [...]/libcurl/src/lib/http_chunks.c:149:12
    #2 0x596f3b348550 in readwrite_data [...]/libcurl/src/lib/transfer.c:607:11
    [...]

    ==2202041==WARNING: MemorySanitizer: use-of-uninitialized-value
    #0 0x5a3fab66a72a in Curl_parse_port [...]/libcurl/src/lib/urlapi.c:547:8
    #1 0x5a3fab650645 in parse_authority [...]/libcurl/src/lib/urlapi.c:796:12
    #2 0x5a3fab6740f6 in parseurl [...]/libcurl/src/lib/urlapi.c:1176:16
    #3 0x5a3fab664fc5 in parseurl_and_replace [...]/libcurl/src/lib/urlapi.c:1342:12
    [...]

    ==2202320==WARNING: MemorySanitizer: use-of-uninitialized-value
    #0 0x569076a0d6b0 in ipv4_normalize [...]/libcurl/src/lib/urlapi.c:683:12
    #1 0x5690769f2820 in parse_authority [...]/libcurl/src/lib/urlapi.c:803:10
    #2 0x569076a160f6 in parseurl [...]/libcurl/src/lib/urlapi.c:1176:16
    #3 0x569076a06fc5 in parseurl_and_replace [...]/libcurl/src/lib/urlapi.c:1342:12
    [...]

Signed-off-by: Louis Solofrizzo <lsolofrizzo@scaleway.com>
Closes curl#12995

Before this patch the signal handler called `logmsg()` which in turn
called `printf()` variants (internal implementations), and `FILE *`
functions, `localtime()`. Some of these called `malloc`/`free`, which
isn't supported in s signal handler. Replace them with `write` calls,
losing some logging functionality.

Also:
- De-dupe and move `STD*_FILENO` macros to `lib/curl_setup.h`. Revert
  the `src` definition to point to `stderr`, instead of `tool_stderr`.
  Follow-up to e5bb88b curl#11958

POSIX specs with list of functions allowed in a signal handler:
2004: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/009695399/functions/xsh_chap02_04.html#tag_02_04_03
2017: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/functions/V2_chap02.html#tag_15_04_03
2024: https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9799919799/functions/V2_chap02.html#tag_16_04_03

Linux CI run with the thread sanitizer going crazy when
hitting the signal handler in test 1238 and 1242 (TFTP):
```
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: signal-unsafe call inside of a signal (pid=12582)
    #0 malloc <null> (servers+0x5ed70)
    #1 _IO_file_doallocate <null> (libc.so.6+0x851b4)
    #2 formatf /home/runner/work/curl/curl/bld/tests/server/../../lib/../../lib/mprintf.c:886:9 (servers+0xdff77)
[...]
WARNING: ThreadSanitizer: signal-unsafe call inside of a signal (pid=12582)
    #0 free <null> (servers+0x5f453)
    #1 fclose <null> (libc.so.6+0x8532f)
    #2 logmsg /home/runner/work/curl/curl/bld/tests/server/../../../tests/server/util.c:134:5 (servers+0xe684d)
```
Ref: https://github.com/curl/curl/actions/runs/14118903372/job/39555309490?pr=16851

Closes curl#16852

Replace autotools with cmake to avoid libtool wrappers that are changing
`LD_LIBRARY_PATH` in a way incompatible with the thread sanitizer.

To fix the output when the sanitizier is finding something:
```
==51718==WARNING: Can't write to symbolizer at fd 7
 /usr/bin/llvm-symbolizer-18: /home/runner/work/curl/curl/bld/lib/.libs/libcurl.so.4: no version information available (required by /usr/bin/llvm-symbolizer-18)
 /usr/bin/llvm-symbolizer-18: symbol lookup error: /home/runner/openssl/lib/libcrypto.so.3: undefined symbol: __tsan_func_entry
```
Ref: https://github.com/curl/curl/actions/runs/16911402500/job/47913783729#step:39:4466

After:
```
 13:50:04.117885 == Info:ThreadSanitizer: thread T1  finished with ignores enabled, created at:
  closing connection #0
     #0 pthread_create <null> (libtests+0x6bc0f) (BuildId: 4fe889446291259934205ac03931c397aa0210d3)
     #1 Curl_thread_create /home/runner/work/curl/curl/lib/curl_threads.c:73:6 (libcurl.so.4+0x55a76) (BuildId: cb0f14ba2ad68c9cab0c980d9a5d7a53cc0782da)
     #2 async_thrdd_init /home/runner/work/curl/curl/lib/asyn-thrdd.c:500:26 (libcurl.so.4+0x1c153) (BuildId: cb0f14ba2ad68c9cab0c980d9a5d7a53cc0782da)
[...]
```
Ref: https://github.com/curl/curl/actions/runs/16939193922/job/48003405272?pr=18274#step:39:4018

Also:
- disable memory tracker which turned out to be incompatible with
  the thread sanitizer and detaching threads.
  Ref: curl#18263 and #curl IRC.
- the job is ~30 seconds faster after this patch.

Reported-by: Stefan Eissing
Bug: curl#18263 (comment)
Follow-up to a2bcec0 curl#14751
Closes curl#18274