…al (#57447)

The `_DECLARED` partition kind used to be considered `guard`, but we now
consider it equivalent to an Any-typed `_GLOBAL` (but with weaker
redefinition properties). That said, its `->restriction` is NULL, so add
it to the list of bindings that should return `nothing` here (and thus
`Any` from the bulitin) to fix #57446.

(cherry picked from commit 0163991)

Backported PRs:
- [x] #57302 <!-- Add explicit imports for types and fix bugs -->
- [x] #57420 <!-- Compiler: Fix check for IRShow definedness -->
- [x] #57419 <!-- generated: Switch resolution module back to what it
was before -->
- [x] #57421 <!-- bpart: Skip implicit import reval if using'd export
set is unchanged -->
- [x] #57425 <!-- Prohibit binding replacement in closed modules during
precompile -->
- [x] #57426 <!-- Prohibit `import`ing or `using` Main during
incremental compilation -->
- [x] #57433 <!-- bpart: Track whether any binding replacement has
happened in image modules -->
- [x] #57445 <!-- Run all `--sysimage-native-code=no` cmdlineargs tests
single-threaded -->
- [x] #57386 <!-- Only strip invariant.load from special pointers -->
- [x] #57453 <!-- Revert "Make emitted egal code more loopy (#54121)"
-->
- [x] #57389 <!-- Change memory indexing to use the type as index
instead of i8 -->
- [x] #57447 <!-- Don't return null pointer when asking for the type of
a declared global -->
- [x] #57467 <!-- using/import: ensure world update after each
observable operation -->
- [x] #57471 <!-- staticdata: Don't use `newm` pointer after it has been
invalidated -->
- [x] #57416 <!-- lowering: Don't mutate lambda in `linearize` -->