The Ultimate Guide to EDH: How to Play Commander

Jake Henderson September 22, 2025 Commander, MTG Formats

Last updated on September 22, 2025

Demonic Tutor | Illustration by Scott Chou

When you started playing Magic, odds are that you were playing a deck that was just a combination of some of the cards you owned. Cards that you liked and had multiples of, to put in one big pile and call it your deck.

This simplicity is my most missed characteristic of the typical Constructed formats like the rotating Standard and eternal Modern. Not only do you have a more narrow range of cards but you also need to get up to four of each.

Commander’s success in both casual and competitive settings can be attributed to many of its qualities. The wide range of legal cards and how easy it is to get your hands on them are two of its best. But what else is there to know about this popular format?

Hold on to your hats, let's dive right in.

Table of Contents show

What Is the Commander Format?

Sol Ring | Illustration by Mike Bierek

Commander, also known as Elder Dragon Highlander (EDH), is a singleton format that revolves around building 100-card decks that usually work around a single card: that deck’s “commander.” Commander has its own set of unique rules that separate it from the typical Constructed formats.

The Rules of Commander

Commanders (with rare exceptions) must be a legendary creature and your deck can only include cards with mana symbols that are present on your commander’s card face (this is their color identity). If your commander is a card like Morophon, the Boundless, then your deck can use any cards as all five color symbols are present on the card.

Alternatively, if your commander is a colorless card with no colored mana symbols like Ulamog, the Defiler, then you are limited to colorless cards plus Wastes instead of the colored five basic lands. Hearthhull, the Worldseed represents legendary vehicles and spacecraft that can be commanders as long as they have a printed power/toughness, it's colors are black, red, and green, so no blue or white cards can be included in a Hearthhull deck.

A commander deck has to be exactly 100 cards, including your commander.

You deck can include no more than one copy of each card. No playsets required here. This rule is what helps Commander be such an accessible format for players on a budget as well as what leads to players having unique and creative ways to play. There's no need to buy four of each on-color fetch or shock land. This saves you the price of a car payment each time you build a deck.

There’s also an alternative way to win than regular damage. Every time a commander deals combat damage to a player it also does commander damage. If a player receives 21 or more commander damage from a single commander throughout the course of the game, they lose.

Your start with 40 life instead of 20 and the format runs as a free-for-all between two to six players, often a table of four.

Format Characteristics

Your commander is set aside from your deck and castable as though it were in your hand. When your commander dies, or gets removed you can recast it, but you have to pay a commander tax of additional mana each time.

The higher life total and multiplayer aspects mean that games not only go much longer but also offer a wide variety of ways to interact with your opponents. Removal spells like Lightning Bolt are often swapped for cards that affect each opponent or every player. Strategies like group hug, where you deliver table-wide benefits to your opponents, become a very opportunistic game plan.

Join forces from Commander 2011 is a good example of a group hug mechanic.

Cards like Dictate of Kruphix gives opponents the resources to keep going. Group hug can be a unique and refreshing way to play Magic, and Jolene, the Plunder Queen is just one example of a card that introduces rewards for players attacking players other than you. Whether you like it or not, Commander's politics affect everyone and each player can form secret alliances as an accepted method of play. Strategies that leave you as the last player standing are paramount in a multiplayer environment. Like in a Queen Marchesa-led EDH deck.

EDH vs. Commander? Which Is “Right”?

Commander’s origin dates back to a format called “Elder Dragon Highlander” that was nearly identical aside from the options you had to pick from for your “commander.” Instead of any legendary creature as your commander, players chose from one of the Elder Dragon creature cards printed in sets like Legends, Chronicles, or Modern Horizons 2.

These original Elder Dragons include Arcades Sabboth, Chromium Rhuell, Nicol Bolas, Palladia-Mors, Vaevictis Asmadi, Ugin, and Piru, each represent a different 3-color combo except Ugin. These origins resulted in the format having the alternative and exchangeable title of “EDH.” This acronym is also used in the competitive Commander sub-format often referred to as “cEDH.”

Why Is Commander So Popular?

Commander’s success and popularity stem from its ability to act as both a casual format as well as one with a large level of creativity. There’s no serious meta-gaming aside from the ultra-competitive scene and the format allows players to build decks that represent their play styles. The scope of a typical Commander/EDH deck is much broader than that of a Standard deck that usually aims to reach a very narrow goal as efficiently as possible.

Commander also gives you the option to throw a bunch of “good stuff” cards into a pile, add in some mana fixing and table interaction, and just have it work. Your ability to politic and persuade acts as a sort of equalizer between your deck’s power level and that of your opponent’s deck.

My love for the format comes from two aspects. First is the part where I only need to buy one copy of Snapcaster Mage for my deck instead of four, and second is that it allows for interactions that simply don’t happen in any other format. Where else do you get to Blasphemous Act an entire board of dragons, werewolves, and ninjas only to leave an Ancient Adamantoise? Certainly not Standard, that's for sure.

I don’t know of another format where I get to play Expropriate and hear three of my best friends groan in annoyance. Commander also gives cool cards like Blatant Thievery a home!

Commander-Legal Sets

Any card with white or black borders that was released by Wizards of the Coast is legal in Commander, with a few notable exceptions. This is in stark contrast to a smaller legal range of sets like in Modern or Pioneer. So as long as the cards you run aren’t acorn-foiled or silver-bordered from a set like Unglued, and it's not on Commander's ban list then you’re good to go!

Commander Game Changers

The Game Changers for Commander are a Wizards-defined list of cards that are on-watch for their power level, and tied to the deck rating brackets to help players sit down at tables of similar-strength decks. The fewer Game Changers you include, the more casual versus competitive your deck tends to be.

Commander Banned List

In the unlikely event of a card coming off the ban list, that card goes to the Game Changer list, and in theory the reverse is also true, and cards go to the GC list before they are fully banned in Commander:

Where to Play Commander

Paper and IRL

Many Magic players ask the question: “Where can I play Commander IRL?” Lucky for us, Commander has grown more mainstream. Commander Nights and Parties are in-person events connected to the release of some sets, with promotional support from Wizards. In addition to playing in casual pods with friends, local game stores run their own casual Commander events. My LGS has even made an entire weekly event called “Commander Monday” that separates players into random pods based on the strength of their deck. Commander also found a permanent home in the side events at many Magic conventions and gatherings.

MTGO

MTG Online has long offered both 1v1 and multiplayer Commander games in both casual and league formats. It offers a great alternative to paper Commander thanks to the affordability of buying singles on the platform.

MTG Arena

Brawl is the closest workaround. This is essentially the Arena variant of Commander/EDH, the big differences include the ability to put a planeswalker into the command zone, 1v1 matches, a starting life total of 25 and the only legal cards are the cards in Historic, which includes all cards on MTG Arena except for a few banned cards (looking at you, Oko, Thief of Crowns). MTG Arena has relatively few cards from Ixalan onward, plus a few anthologies and remastered sets. Many of the sets that are legal in Commander are not accessible on Arena.

Commander Precons and WotC Decks

With many set releases comes a new set of preconstructed Commander decks from WotC for us to pick from. These decks offer a bang-for-your-buck type entry into the format and usually come with Commander staples like Sol Ring and Arcane Signet. Each release covers a variety of themes and play styles within each deck and is a solid choice in terms of content and value for new players.

World Shaper

World Shaper wants to break down lands, the foundational card type of Magic. It's full of sacrifice and self-mill and in the process it has wildly powerful payoffs beyond simply replaying your lands from the graveyard like Hearthhull, the Worldseed, Titania, Protector of Argoth, and Omnath, Locus of Rage.

Sale

Magic: The Gathering Edge of Eternities Commander Deck - World Shaper

TERRAFORM AND TERRORIZE—Sacrifice lands and grow back stronger alongside the massive seedship, Hearthhull, and Szarel, director of terrasymbiosis
2 FOIL BORDERLESS COMMANDERS—Every Edge of Eternities Commander Deck includes 2 Traditional Foil Legendary Creature cards featuring Borderless art
INTRODUCES 12 COMMANDER CARDS—Each deck introduces 12 never-before-seen Commander cards to Magic: The Gathering
COLLECT SPECIAL TREATMENT CARDS—Each deck also comes with a 2-card Collector Booster Sample Pack containing 1 Traditional Foil card and 1 alt-border Rare or Mythic Rare (foil or nonfoil)
THRILLING MULTIPLAYER BATTLES—Commander is a multiplayer way to play Magic, an epic, free-for-all battle full of strategic plays and social intrigue

Counter Blitz

Counter Blitz celebrates the crazy counters you find randomly throughout Magic including the summons that Final Fantasy introduced. There are some scary ones like Walking Ballista, tricky ones like Luminous Broodmoth and the one-sided board wipe Damning Verdict, and each cares about counters in a different way.

Sale

Magic: The Gathering Final Fantasy X Commander Deck - Counter Blitz

FINAL FANTASY X-THEMED DECK—Battle your friends with FINAL FANTASY X’s iconic heroes, villains, and spells with the strategic gameplay of the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game
WHEN YOU GOT THE BALL, YOU GOTTA SCORE.—Embark on a journey to Zanarkand alongside Tidus, Yuna’s Guardian as you buff your creatures with counters and pass them around to boost team spirit
25 NEW CARDS plus ALL NEW ART—All 100 cards in this ready-to-play deck feature new FINAL FANTASY-themed art, including 25 Commander cards entirely new to Magic: The Gathering
2 FOIL LEGENDARY CARDS—Each deck includes 2 Legendary Creature cards with a shiny Traditional Foil treatment that can be played as your commander
COLLECT SPECIAL ALT-BORDER CARDS—Each deck also comes with a 2-card Collector Booster Sample Pack containing 2 alternate-border cards of rarity Rare or higher

Jeskai Striker

The Jeskai Striker is representative of the () color combination. These colors translate to lots of instants and sorceries and bursts of power from those spells. The martial-arts-expert kind of monks are present in this Tarkir: Dragonstorm Commander Precon which includes exciting reprints in Call the Coppercoats, Narset, Enlightened Exile, and Lier, Disciple of the Drowned.

Sale

Magic: The Gathering Tarkir: Dragonstorm Commander Deck - Jeskai Striker

FIGHT DRAGONS WITH DRAGONS—Return to Tarkir for an epic battle between dragons and clans; discover which clan fits your playstyle with distinct three-color gameplay, and add draconic power to your collection
HIT HARD AND HIT OFTEN—Join the Jeskai spirit dragon, Shiko, and former planeswalker Narset and the Jeskai clan to cast extra spells and flurry spell effects with this Blue-Red-White Commander deck
2 FOIL BORDERLESS COMMANDERS—Every Tarkir: Dragonstorm Commander Deck contains 2 Traditional Foil Legendary Creature cards featuring gorgeous Borderless art, including each clan’s Mythic Spirit Dragon
BATTLE ALONGSIDE YOUR CLAN—Led by monk-practitioners of the Way, the Jeskai seek unity of thought and a shared understanding of reality. Precise, compassionate, and rigorous, they consider it their duty to guide Tarkir to a better future.
INTRODUCES 10 COMMANDER CARDS—Each deck introduces 10 never-before-seen Commander cards to Magic: The Gathering

Starter Commander Decks

The Starter Commander Deck Bundle is an excellent way to break into the format for a group of friends on a budget. For about $35 each, you get five unique decks to learn the format with. Each Starter Commander deck takes on a different two-color combination. You get to try out every classic synergy from Azorius () fliers to Dimir () graveyard.

Magic: The Gathering Starter Commander Deck Bundle – Includes all 5 Decks,Multicoloured

Bundle of all 5 Starter Commander Decks—First Flight, Grave Danger, Chaos Incarnate, Draconic Destruction, and Token Triumph
Each deck contains 100 cards—1 Foil-Etched Legendary card + 99 nonfoil cards
Each deck also comes with 1 deck box, 10 double-sided tokens, punchout counters, a strategy insert, and a reference card
The perfect introduction to Magic’s most popular format—join your friends in epic multiplayer battles with a ready-to-play MTG deck
Commander Game Format 2–5 players, around 120 minutes to play

Older Commander Precons

WotC gives players new precons on a regular basis since 2012 which means there’s a long list of precons to choose from. Lucky for you, Draftsim has evaluated all of the precons from 2017 onward for your choosing pleasure (plus a couple extras).

Take a look:

Popular Commanders and Deck Building Resources

So you’re a more advanced player and want to go beyond the power of the precons. Where do you start? With about 2,700 unique legendary creatures to choose from, more than 60 partner commanders, and 30 backgrounds there are nearly infinite routes to build a Commander deck in a single lifetime. If you can think of a strategy or theme, then there's a commander that powers it.

The best way to start is to pick a central theme or color you want to play. This can be as open as “mono green () fun stuff” or something much more narrow like “Esper () stun counters.”

The next step is the most obvious: pick a commander that promotes or empowers your chosen theme in a useful or consistent way (you could start with mono green commanders or stun counter commanders). This decision isn’t as easy as it seems.

Luckily for you, we’ve already done the hard work and broken down the best commanders in several different categories to get you started:

The real fun begins once you have a theme and style established. There’s a near-infinite number of resources online about the best commander cards to include in any color, the best removal and board wipes, or the best tutors. There are even large databases like EDHREC which give you example decklists for various themes if you need inspiration.

We've also got a tier list of the best commanders, the most fun commanders, and a guide on how many lands you need to build a good deck.

Sample Theme: Azorius Flicker/Blink Commanders

Let’s say you want to build an Azorius Flicker/Blink Commander deck and need to start from scratch. You have a couple of really strong choices here.

Brago, King Eternal offers an excellent way to benefit from a wide board of creatures with ETB effects. The Game Changer Grand Arbiter Augustin IV gives an overall cost reduction to all of your spells and frustrates your opponents. Ephara, God of the Polis provides card advantage if you flash in your blink cards on your opponent's turns.

What you see here in your quest to pick our commander is a bunch of choices and roads to go down. This is the higher level of creativity and choice that Commander offers as a casual format. Brago gives you a very narrow and clear path while Grand Arbiter allows you to push your main goal while simultaneously benefiting you in multiple other ways.

There’s no right or wrong choice. It all depends on you and what you think is the most fun for you. That’s the beauty of the format.

cEDH vs. Casual EDH

As with anything Magic there exists both a casual and ultra-competitive sub-format. Competitive Commander, often referred to as “cEDH,” is a unique breed of EDH that highlights decks that consistently win by combo-ing off as early as possible and killing everyone but yourself.

cEDH Decks

An extremely common way to do this is to create an infinite mana combo for mana through cards like Isochron Scepter and Dramatic Reversal paired with some mana rocks. They can then be used through outlets, like drawing your whole deck with Blue Sun's Zenith and winning off of a Thassa's Oracle or Laboratory Maniac. The goal of cEDH decks is to win by any means necessary.

Casual EDH Decks

Casual EDH, as the name suggests, is a much more laid-back and “for fun” format. This means that play groups typically follow the unwritten Rule 0, which is just “have fun.” Instead of winning as soon as possible through infinite combos that blow everybody up on turn 4, casual EDH games go much longer and include unique and exciting interactions that wouldn’t stand a chance in cEDH. Playing big ol’ eldrazi like Ulamog, the Defiler or group hug show-and-tell effects like Braids, Conjurer Adept is the name of the game.

Casual play groups sometimes set their own rules like “no tutors” or “no combos” to promote a play style and game that prevents players from being knocked out before they’ve even gotten comfortable at the table. This is to promote a fun and welcoming environment where new players aren’t crushed before they can play their third land.

Commander Variants

A few varieties and flavors of Commander have popped up since it began. These EDH variants include formats such as Canadian Highlander, Oathbreaker, and Tiny Leaders. Each of these spinoff formats bring a refreshing ruleset that still resembles the official EDH we know and love.

Canadian Highlander

Canadian Highlander is a singleton format that shares lots of similarities with conventional EDH. It was first developed in (you guessed it) Canada. It may seem like Commander without the commander at first glance, but don’t let the fact that it's a singleton format fool you. The largest difference is the ban list, and the next one is called the “points list.”

Canadian Highlander’s ban list is identical Vintage’s ban list except for Lurrus of the Dream-Den since there is no sideboard. This means that all of the Power 9 as well as infamous cards like Mind Twist and Time Walk are legal.

The points list means that each deck is allocated ten points to “buy” some of the most powerful cards in the game.

Life totals are still at 20 in Canadian Highlander, and the games are 1v1, so the pace is significantly different. Locking your opponents out and refusing to let them play Magic is not only allowed but encouraged.

Commander Cube

Commander Cube is exactly what it sounds like: a cube meant to be drafted that creates 60-card Commander decks in a Limited format. The cube, over 900 cards tall, is drafted in a standard draft format with four 15-card packs or from a sealed kit of 120 cards.

There are a few rules for Commander Cube that aren’t present in traditional EDH:

Mono-colored commanders can splash one color.
Some legendary creatures can’t be used as commanders but can still be included in a decklist.
Decks are a minimum of 60 cards with one commander.
Each player receives one free Command Tower after the draft to use as mana fixing.

Commander Cube can be difficult to get going since the cube costs roughly $7,000 to own on paper. This means that players typically phantom draft online and then play their drafted decks on MTGO or another online card sim like Tabletop Simulator where they can access the cards they drafted.

Commander Jumpstart

Just in case you’re not familiar, Jumpstart is a Limited format where you combine two boosters and create a finished deck instead of drafting from three packs. The packs include lands, multiple rares, and all the cards needed to create a 40-card deck when combined. You can probably see where Commander Jumpstart is going.

With this EDH variant you combine two different Commander packs plus a third pack. This final pack includes a variety of lands, fixing, acceleration, and other 2-color cards that all revolve around the color combo you created with your first two packs.

This allows players to scratch their Commander itch while providing a refreshing scene. It also improves on the time it takes to get started since similar formats like Commander Cube can take up to two hours just to draft, let alone build your deck.

Duel Commander

If you like one-on-one commander, then you might like Duel Commander which starts you at 20 life and has specific ban lists for the commanders and individual cards. This format often draws players who want a more competitive version of EDH, Legacy players who enjoy eternal formats, and anyone looking for more in-person events.

Emperor

As a six-player format, Emperor lands close to a casual game night, and is like an evolved form of Two-Headed Giant with two teams of three attacking the single opposing leader. Players follow range of influence rules in which they can only attack opponents within one seat of them. This gives the game momentum, includes all players, and helps avoid isolated three-person pods.

Kingdoms

The Kingdoms variant of Commander gives 5-6 secret roles and objectives to each player which are only revealed after the game is completely over. Take a Plains, Island, Swamp, two Mountains, and one Forest, shuffle and deal one to each player. Here's the super-brief breakdown:

Plains: The Monarch is the only role that is revealed, starts with 50 life, and must defeat all others unless the last is The Knight.
Forest: The Knight must protect the Monarch at all costs and defeat all others.
Swamp: The Assassin must be the last one to survive.
Mountain: The Bandits. Two players that must eliminate the Monarch.
Island: The Usurper‘s goal is to do the final bit of damage to the Monarch. If this happens, the usurper becomes the new monarch with refreshed life, while the former Monarch stays in the game as the new Usurper, but with one life. If you only have five players, this role can be left out.

Oathbreaker

In Oathbreaker, your commander must be a planeswalker, and you choose a signature instant or sorcery that can only be cast with your commander in play, and that spell always returns to the command zone. There's no commander damage, your life starts at 20 and you have a 60-card deck, so there's plenty of speed to this singleton format.

Pauper Commander

Pauper Commander is your chance to play Magic without the ultra-powerful cards that come at mythic and rare. You can take that build-around uncommon and make it your commander, since nonlegendary uncommons are allowed in your command zone. There's still lots of complexity and power at play, it leans less on individual card quality, and more on card synergies.

Peasant Commander

Stick with the commoners and you get Peasant Commander. In this variant the biggest change is that your commander has to be a common or uncommon creature and doesn’t need to be legendary. Only 15 of your 99 cards can be uncommon. All other cards must have been printed as commons at some point in the game’s history.

The commander damage is also reduced from 21 to 18, and you're able to use your commander’s abilities from the command zone with a tax applying for every time you use them after the first one.

PreDH

The Commander format was not started by Wizards of the Coast, so PreDH celebrates some of the spirit of Commander from before any notion of Commander-focused preconstructed decks or reprints for commander. PreDH only plays with sets from 2011's New Phyrexia and older, basically, before Commander was recognized as an official format. Otherwise, the Commander rules are in full effect here.

Tiny Leaders

I close the Commander variant section with Tiny Leaders! This variant is very similar to Commander and comes with only a few differences:

All cards, including the commander, must have a mana value of three or less.
Decks are limited to 50 cards instead of 100.
Players start at 25 life instead of 40.
Hand sizes are a maximum of eight minus the number of cards in the command zone (typically seven unless you have partner commanders, in which case yours would be six).
There are no commander damage win conditions.

These rules result in a much more unique format. Bomb creatures like Avenger of Zendikar are out and the tiny little 0/1 plants it would otherwise make are your go-tos.

Tiny Leaders can be easy to get into since the card limitations present a narrow range of options and fewer cards needed to power a strategy. While the format isn’t as popular or supported, Tiny Leaders offers a refreshing and fun break from Commander.

Commander Communities

As with any kind of subculture or hobby, there’s more than one subreddit or Discord server attached to Commander. Here’s a list of a bunch of the relevant subreddits, Discords, podcasts, and YouTube channels that you might find useful or entertaining when it comes to EDH:

The Canadian Highlander Discord is a great place to find games and players to play with online.
EDH Subreddit covers many various topics about Commander.
cEDH Subreddit has redditors that are competitors.
EDHREC The EDH database with decklists and data on card usage.
EDHRECast The EDH-focused MTG Podcast by EDHREC.
MTG Muddstah YouTube Channel presents loads of summarized gameplay videos.
Pauper EDH Subreddit is competitive with budgets on the mind.
r/cEDH Discord Community a discussion board with brews, bling, and puzzles.
PlayEDH Discord Community is great for finding online playgroups!
Playing with Power MTG features gameplay and deck discussion.
The Command Zone YouTube Channel is a production team behind a Commander-focused podcast, gameplay and occasional celebrities.

Commanding Conclusion

Lorehold Command | Illustration by Jason Rainville

That’s all there is to know about Commander. Except for these critical EDH deckbuilding tips. Have any suggestions or decklists you want to share? Leave a comment or head over to the Draftsim Discord and talk to us there! I really want to build a nice wizard commander that does nothing but draw cards and counter spells. My friends will think it's just awesome, right?… Right?

…

Guys?

Anyway, I hope this info is useful to you on what I think is the best format in Magic. Until next time, eat well, and stay healthy!

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Jake Henderson

Jake was first introduced to Magic in 2013, and has been a regular at his LGS ever since. He started off playing in his store's Journey into Nyx league, and his favorite formats are draft and commander! He joined Draftsim in 2021 as a writer, and is currently the site's Chief of Content.

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The Ultimate Guide to EDH: How to Play Commander

What Is the Commander Format?

The Rules of Commander

Format Characteristics

EDH vs. Commander? Which Is “Right”?

Why Is Commander So Popular?

Commander-Legal Sets

Commander Game Changers

Commander Banned List

Where to Play Commander

Paper and IRL

MTGO

MTG Arena

Commander Precons and WotC Decks

World Shaper

Counter Blitz

Jeskai Striker

Starter Commander Decks

Older Commander Precons

Popular Commanders and Deck Building Resources

Sample Theme: Azorius Flicker/Blink Commanders

cEDH vs. Casual EDH

cEDH Decks

Casual EDH Decks

Commander Variants

Canadian Highlander

Commander Cube

Commander Jumpstart

Duel Commander

Emperor

Kingdoms

Oathbreaker

Pauper Commander

Peasant Commander

PreDH

Tiny Leaders

Commander Communities

Commanding Conclusion

Jake Henderson

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