Landmark publication on Wintering Waterbirds in Ireland

Digital Nature is delighted to have worked with colleagues in BirdWatch Ireland and the National Parks and Wildlife Service on preparing the latest report documenting the status and distribution of waterbirds in Ireland, Irish Wildlife Manuals Number 162.

This report, based on the Irish Wetland Bird Survey (I-WeBS) and associated surveys, analyses data submitted by over 1100 skilled volunteers, as well as professional surveyors from the National Parks and Wildlife Service and BirdWatch Ireland. Data have been gathered from more than 94,000 visits to wetland sites across Ireland since 1994.

The report includes specific species accounts for 63 waterbird species including 39 species of geese, swans, ducks and allies; 18 species of waders; and 6 species of gulls. Population trends and population estimates are presented for 44 of these species.

Pressures and threats that these species face are also described within the report.

Additional online information and reporting on this publication includes:

igr 1.0.1: update of R package supporting Irish grid references

The R package igr is designed to simplify working with Irish grid references. It is particularly useful when data sets containing Irish grid references need to be plotted or analysed digitally. Version 1.0.0 was released in January 2025.

The latest version of igr is now available on CRAN. Version 1.0.1 handles sf objects that contain empty geometries more gracefully: Irish grid references of “NA” are generated and a warning is raised. Some minor tweaks have also been made to the supporting documentation and examples.

As always, feedback on igr is welcome via GitHub Issues. If you find igr interesting or useful please star the Github project.

Enjoy!

igr can convert Irish grid references of mixed precision (including tetrads like R10H) to precision-aware polygons

BirdWatch Ireland Interactive Maps

Digital Nature is delighted to have assisted BirdWatch Ireland release important spatial data online in the form of interactive maps.

Important Bird Areas for Seabirds in Ireland

Important Bird Areas for Seabirds in Ireland are now documented here: IBAs for Seabirds in Ireland. Overlapping Special Protection Areas and Special Areas of Conservation can be browsed in this version of the interactive map. Popups for each IBA, SPA and SAC include key information, and links to additional online resources. Use the button to open up the map in Map Viewer to hide or show particular layers.

Bird Hotspots

Interactive versions of Farmland Bird Hotspot and Breeding Farmland Wader Hotspot maps are also now freely available online, from this webpage: BirdWatch Ireland Hotspot Mapping. Static versions of the maps (in png format), and the spatial data behind the maps (in geojson format), are also published.

For detailed information on how these maps were developed, please see the project report, or the associated peer-reviewed scientific paper published in Irish Birds, Volume 45: 35-48 (2023).

igr 1.0.0: new release of R package supporting Irish grid references

The R package igr is designed to simplify working with Irish grid references. It is particularly useful when Irish grid references need to be plotted or analysed digitally.

The latest version of igr is now available on CRAN. Version 1.0.0 can:

  • Convert Irish grid references (e.g. N8000) to Irish Grid coordinates (e.g. X 280000, Y 200000)
  • Convert Irish grid references to an sf object in any coordinate reference system (e.g. WGS84 longitude and latitude)
  • Handle precisions of 100 km, 10 km, 2 km (tetrad), 1 km, 100 m, 10 m and 1 m
  • Handle data sets that contains a mix of precisions
  • Convert Irish grid references to points (either the south-west corners or centroids of the Irish grid references)
  • Convert Irish grid references to polygons (each polygon being precision-aware)
  • Convert Irish Grid coordinates to Irish grid references
  • Convert an sf object containing points in any coordinate reference system to a set of Irish grid references

The initial versions of igr released and tweaked during 2024 were downloaded over 1000 times from CRAN and successfully used by Irish ecologists and data scientists. The package is now considered to be feature-complete and stable and is freely available to anyone needing to convert data from or to Irish grid references.

As always, feedback on igr is welcome via GitHub Issues. If you find igr interesting or useful please star the Github project.

Enjoy!

igr can convert Irish grid references of mixed precision (including tetrads like R10H) to precision-aware polygons

Screening the Irish coastline for Managed Realignment

Over the last two years Digital Nature has participated in an OPW-funded project “Screening of Special Protection Areas for Managed Realignment”. Eleven study areas around the Irish coast were examined in detail. An article introducing the topic of managed realignment in Ireland and the context for this project can now be seen on pages 2 and 3 in Issue 28 of I-WeBS News published by BirdWatch Ireland here.

igr 0.2.0: Including tetrad Irish grid reference support

The initial release of igr supported Irish grid references with precision of 1 m, 10 m, 100 m, 1 km, 10 km and 100 km square.

A refinement of Irish grid references to refer to 2 km squares – also known as tetrads – involves placing a letter after a 10 km grid reference. The letter identifies the required 2 km square within the 10 km square. This is sometimes known as the “DINTY” system. The letter “O” is not used.

All functions in the latest version of igr now support tetrad Irish grid references. This support can be turned off if required.

igr now also has the ability to convert Irish grid references to the centroid of the square each Irish grid reference refers to. This can be useful if plotting Irish grid references as points. As before, datasets with mixed precision of Irish grid reference are supported.

No breaking changes were needed to any of the igr functions with this release. If the functionality of this latest version appears to be sufficient and stable, igr will be released in the coming months as version 1.0.0.

Feedback on igr is welcome via GitHub Issues.

Enjoy!

igr can now handle tetrad Irish grid references e.g. R10H

igr: An R package supporting Irish grid references

Digital Nature is pleased to announce the initial release of igr, an open-source R package designed to simplify using Irish grid references in R. The package is now available via CRAN.

Location data can be stored in many different forms and formats, and locations on the island of Ireland have often been recorded using Irish grid references. Based on the Irish Grid coordinate reference system (EPSG:29903), Irish grid references have three components: a letter referring to a particular 100 km square, and an easting and a northing that together refer to an area within that 100 km square. Many GIS (Geographic Information System) tools can handle Irish Grid coordinates, but they do not know how to handle Irish grid references.

igr converts Irish grid references to and from Irish Grid coordinates in R. It also converts Irish grid references to and from sf (simple feature) objects, a popular and powerful format for geospatial data analysis and visualization in R.

The higher the number of digits in the easting and northing components of an Irish grid reference, the higher the precision. igr supports levels of precision from 1 m to 100 km. Datasets with a mix of precision are supported, as are those with or without whitespace between the letter, easting and northing.

When converting from an Irish grid reference to an sf object, the Irish grid references can be converted to point or polygon features. Polygons created by igr are precision-aware: their size depends on the precision of the Irish grid reference.

igr can create precision-aware polygons

igr comes with extensive documentation including a vignette with example code, and has comprehensive unit test coverage. Although there are no known issues with igr at the time of publication, as per best practice with R packages it has been given a low version number for this initial release and so can be considered somewhat experimental. When igr functionality appears to be sufficient and stable it will be released as version 1.0.0.

Feedback on igr is welcome via GitHub Issues.

Enjoy!

Natural Heritage of County Cork

Congratulations to the Heritage of County Cork publication team who recently launched their latest book, the Natural Heritage of County Cork, with the support of Cork County Council and the Heritage Council.

As well as introducing the flora and fauna of the county, the book also includes details of 30 standout sites where the richness of local biodiversity can be appreciated. Digital Nature was pleased to produce all of the maps within this publication including the overview map and all 30 detailed site maps.

The book is being made freely available from libraries in County Cork and may also be purchased from various book stores – some now selling it online. In time the publication will be added to the online catalogue of the Heritage of County Cork series.

Enjoy!

Scientific Publications

Detailed information on recent work with BirdWatch Ireland has just been published in the peer-reviewed Irish Birds Journal, Issue Number 45. This issue includes articles on:

  • Site-level trends and national trends for wintering waterbirds in Ireland 1994/95-2019/20 by J. Kennedy, B. Burke, N. Fitzgerald, S.B.A. Kelly, A. Walsh and L.J. Lewis.
  • Mapping of Farmland Bird Hotspots: a method to assist targeting of agri-environment measures by J. Kennedy, K. Finney, J. Lusby, D. Maloney, O. Duggan and A. Donaghy.

A sincere thanks to all the co-authors of these articles, the funders of these projects, and the editorial team and peer-reviewers of Irish Birds for helping deliver and publish this work.

The journal can be purchased from BirdWatch Ireland online here, and is also issued to all Key Members of BirdWatch Ireland.

Exploration of Yellowhammer Data at Irish Ornithological Research Conference

Digital Nature was delighted to be present at the Irish Ornithological Research Conference in March 2023, a conference brimming with information and expertise. Digital Nature contributed with a summary of the results of an exploration of Yellowhammer data – now available in our Showcase area. Further details are being prepared for formal publication…stay tuned!

A poster summarising an exploration of yellowhammer data
A summary of the exploration of Yellowhammer data undertaken by Digital Nature