Learning Commons
There are no guidelines for paintings, sculptures, or more complicated installations. A good reference contains enough information to lead your reader to the source you used, as concisely as possible. At a minimum, this should include the artist’s name, year(s) of fabrication, title of the work, any other necessary or relevant information (such as the medium), and the location of the work.
Not only must you attend to copyright levels, you must find information that is often hidden. Use these points as basic guidelines when citing images in your assignments, papers, and presentations:
When citing images in-text you might add a caption that includes copyright information and a statement of permission for use.
General Format
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Artist Surname, Year)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Artist Surname, Year)
References:
Artist Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of the artwork [Format]. URL
Example
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Foster, 1840)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Foster, 1840)
References:
Foster, B. (1840). The crucifix [image]. http://www.museum.edu/art/collections/painting/578935.html
Incorporating images into the text of your paper (SFU's Finding and Using Online Images: Citing Images in APA)
Licensed image databases (UBC's Copyright Educational Resources: Image Citation)
The Online Writing Lab at Purdue University offers an online resource which can be used in some cases. However, it does not include everything required for citing sources in one place.
The APA citation style does not cover Canadian government sources, and has only a limited section on American government resources.
Please refer to the staff at the Library Reference Desk for clarification when citing Canadian government sources.