Category Archives: Exercises

Part Five:Reflection

Demonstration of technical and visual skills

I’ve used as many differing materials as possible and have been learning a lot especially using inks and watercolour. It would take me a lifetime before I became successful with watercolour. Hopefully I have shown that I’ve attempted to represent what I see in front of me in a coherent and balanced composition but this is not always easy especially when painting on the street.

Quality of outcome

I still find it difficult to assess my own work but I think that I’ve used all my knowledge to the best of my ability and have tried to give a good sense of my local environment through these exercises.

Demonstration of creativity

I hope to be on my way creatively and experimentally with the assignment work as I’ve tried everything and made some diverse and interesting discoveries.  It helps to discover that most of the artists we have been asked to look at also have widely variable practice. I don’t know if my personal voice is developing, if it is then this is it.

Context

I have put myself under pressure to complete part five and because of this it may not have been as pleasurable as I would like but the discipline has been good for me. I am aware that my research writing has been weak throughout the module and I have not written enough nor have I written up analyses of the exhibitions I’ve seen because I am still unable to put down my thoughts in an academic way and the time that I should spend improving this skill is spent on the practical work. If I get through this module successfully I will definitely try harder for level two.

Part Five:Painting with Oils (a short essay)

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Jan Van Eyck

 

Oil paint is my medium of choice. By taking some pigment dust, say from a precious stone, oxidised metal or long compressed clay and add a little water or egg yolk or acrylic polymer emulsion and you have a vibrant mark making material that dries very quickly and is relatively permanent. Take the same pigment and mix in a little oil, preferably from linseed, walnut or poppyseed and you have an unctuous, glowing medium that can be spread on canvas, paper or wood. One of the beauties of this medium is in the way that it dries, and in the way that one can speed up that drying process by adding a thinner, like turpentine or white spirit and now, with contemporary painting, substances made from citrus fruit, for example “Zest It”, my personal favourite.  Alternatively you can slow the drying process down by adding more oil. The artist and historian Giorgio Vasari (Vasari 263) credited the dutch artist Van Eyck as the first painter to use this medium and around the same period another painter from the Netherlands, Robert Campin also used oil paint as his primary medium. These and subsequent painters discovered the beauty of layering glazes of translucent colour one upon the other and I would have imagined started to learn to apply some rules to this practice. I wonder who first discovered that the rate at which the paints dries can be determined by the ratio of the amount of thinners to oil mixed with the pigment. I then wonder who first discovered that if they painted the first layer with a mixture that was predominantly oily and the subsequent layers too thinned with spirit that the surface would crack due it it drying out quicker than the under layer, therefore creating the cracqueleur that is often seen in paintings of some age.

The act of applying oil paint to a surface can be joyful, tedious, frightening and uplifting. Firstly one must make a combination of some primary colours on the palette in order to get to the shade or hue that is required for its purpose. Creating this mix until it is just right can take care and consideration perhaps using a flexible palette knife to turn over and over and squash these colours into just the one required. A brush can then be selected according to the mark that the artist can only imagine at this point then used to take up the precious mixture, transport it to the surface and leave there with just a gesture from the hand or arm. It could be a dab  a drag or a stipple, a sweep of the arm or a corrugation from the wrist, it doesn’t matter as long as what is left behind is pleasing the eye. Even if this isn’t the case a finger or thumb can be used to move the paint to a better position or a rag used to wipe away the mistake. It doesn’t matter if it gets late and the light fades because with oil paints it is easy to start again tomorrow.

 

 

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Portrait detail Helene Schjerfbeck

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Flowers in a Window Ivon hitchins


Elkin, James.What painting is. Routledge 1999.   Smith, Ray. The Artists Handbook. Dorling Kindersley 1987.  Vasari,Giorgio. Lives, ebooks.adelaide.edu.au  1550.


 

National Gallery  London

Pallant House Gallery  Chichester

Royal Academy of Arts  London

Part Five: Assignment

Bricking it.

For this assignment I have been looking at what might be unique to my local environment and decided that it was the humble brick. During the 18th and 19th centuries the local brickworks was very productive and produce beautiful red bricks and many of the village front garden walls were built with a variety of shapes of local bricks. These were put together to make unusual lattice patterns and are a distinctive sight throughout the village.


Having taken this assignment on I had to decide how best to present an insight into this local architectural art form. I wanted to be as experimental as I could while thinking about the subject as a whole so I have revisited a few areas that I had dipped into during the course of this module.

These are some photographs taken with 35mm film that I developed and scanned and was thinking that I might try some monoprinting from acetate that had been quite successful earlier. As can be seen, each brick in these patterns must have had its own individual mould and my first thought was to dissect these and make a small study of their shapes. I have previously cited work by Lisa Milroy and wanted to show these isolated shapes as individual bricks spread out on a white background. To allow me to get a sense of the texture I used tempera on paper. The layers of paint dry quickly and a leave a very pleasing surface. The hint of shadow around the edges pick out the shapes well without over doing it and now it is finished I wish I’d made a larger version.Assignment 5 054


 

I gained a lot of pleasure from the mono type process that I’d experimented with in part 3 and thought that it would be suitable for suggesting brick work. I used oils diluted with Liquin and painted freehand onto my A4 glass plate. I’d earlier discovered that reasonably lightweight cartridge paper was the best support for absorbing the paint and made sure that I registered this to the plate nice and square. The first print showed a lot of brush work and looked pleasantly abstracted reminding me a little of the vertical and horizontal geometry often used by Sean Scully.Assignment 5 045

I re-worked the paint and added more green and darker tones while trying to lessen the brush marks and I do prefer the result.Assignment 5 044

For the third print I have gone for a lattice wall and based the painting on a watercolour from part 2.  This one shows lots of brush work and manipulation that I think works better here than in the first print although some of the colour is starting to look a little muddy.Assignment 5 046

I took some ghost prints from the plates that have a lovely softness to them and the plates themselves often left a good result after the print had been taken.

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More experimenting has achieved some variable results, trying brick dust as a pigment just doesn’t work. I tried mixing with oil and water and using a small piece of broken brick to draw with and all failed completely. I have been unable to find the artist who inspired me to try this next experiment but there is an American artist called Mark Nystrom who uses data from wind readings to achieve similar results. I had hoped that a piece of brick might leave satisfactory marks but failed so I used brick red chalk instead attached to string with some C.D.’s to catch the breeze. This was hung from my camera tripod and then left to dangle just long enough to rest well on some cartridge paper. The resulting drawing is the marks made between 4pm on a Saturday and 10am Sunday morning.

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The next experiment was to try frottage to pick out some details directly rubbing the walls. This was very difficult and the results were disappointing although a vague impression was left after using brick red and orange chalks.


 

I tried to gain access to the old brickworks but it is now in private ownership and I didn’t get a reply to my enquiry. Although local planning will not allow demolition there will soon be a large private residence built on the sight and I’d hoped to a have a closer look before it was too late.  I’ve played with some landscapes of the buildings from my limited viewpoint and made these on 300gsm cartridge paper that I had primed with acrylic gesso mixed with brick dust. I used the same mixture to coat an old Jaffacake box and tried to replicate a housebrick with acrylics using tones to replicate the indentation.

The first painting of the brickworks themselves was made with acrylics using a photograph taken from the gate of the site. Using this rough gessoed surface is quite a challenge and I struggled to move the paint about but the dryness of the paint and rubbing back with fingers and rag was productive despite being tough on the finger tips.Assignment 5 045 (1)

The second of these was made with oils made thin and liquid with Zest It, allowing lots of manipulation. I worked the trees with thumb and fingers and used the wood end of the brush to incise texture into the surface and a rag to drag the surface paint thinner. Some of these marks are rather pleasing and I think that recent visits to exhibitions of Ivon Hitchins and Helene Sherjbeck have left a some influence on me.Assignment 5 044 (1)


 

I made these next images by using clear acetate to print out some black and white photographs that I had taken earlier. I developed the film and scanned the negatives then printed the photographs onto the acetate with an inkjet printer. This results in the ink remaining wet on the acetate and allows for a monoprint to be taken from it. When the ink that has been transferred to the paper and has fully dried, I was able to gently add some watercolour to enhance the prints. I like these and think that a large series of work done in this manner could be successful.

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I have taken to making monoprints from the left overs on my glass palettes, one of which is a round glass table top. The resulting half round print left me in mind of the brickworks kiln dome. I dragged the remains of a rectangular palette across the bottom and thought it could make an interesting mixed media piece. Not sure in which direction to take it at this stage, I decided to apply some coloured inks using a broad coarse brush and a wad of tissue paper. It was quite exciting to get these bold marks by dragging the ink down the paper. Then I added a collage of a photograph and some left over strips of grey paper and tried to make some flowing marks with a small brush and black ink resulting in what I think is an abstract yet representational piece of mixed media. I had a lot of fun making it.

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Trying to tie all these pieces together to form a cohesive whole is proving difficult, each piece is connected to the theme but the diversity of size and the difference in process between them makes me unsure how to put them together as a whole. The more I rearrange them the more chance I have of damaging them. Some thoughts on the curation would be to combine them on one wall in a brickwork manner or even better would be to display them at the local village hall in the relatively new extension, the building of which was partly funded by members of the community who were each asked to buy a brick.

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Part Five:Exercise 3

Well despite this looking like the easiest exercise on paper, it has proved to be the hardest and least successful. Again I blame my lack of skill with watercolour and my inability to find a corner anywhere that gave enough contrasting shadows that moved throughout the day. Because the light was always coming from the same window and the sun too high to cast direct shadows these paintings fail to show enough changes in light direction. Despite these failings I learnt a lot about laying little blocks of toned washes to try and achieve a sense of form and depth and the change in colour temperature throughout the day. I didn’t enjoy this exercise and was frustrated with my lack of success.

Part Five:Exercise 4

Much happier working with oils for this exercise and again finding a very limited palette an enjoyable challenge. There are so many lovely blacks to be made from just red, yellow and blue and even using these subtle tones it was not difficult to create a sense of form within the subject. Despite the almost monotone of the objects that I’d selected, the strong side lighting showed up the elements well, even on the white background, so despite keeping Morandi and Alex Hanna’s work in mind I find these are more defined and possibly more true to my own painting vocabulary. The objects within these compositions may appear quite ordinary and day to day but by re-arranging them they become small challenges within a composition. I’ve tried to view them as interior landscapes and certainly the last two had the intention of being able to see over the top in the way of a Cézanne or a Matisse.5.4 0435.4 0425.4 040

Part Five:Exercise 1

Hydrangea in a terracotta pot is my chosen subject for this exercise and I’ve taken an A4 board coated with a raw sienna dark ground. I had William Coldstream in mind and wanted to use a relatively minimal oil colour palette with lemon yellow, cadmium yellow, cadmium red, alizarin crimson, terre verte, cobalt green, cerulean blue and ultramarine plus titanium white. Mixing cool and warm colours gives me the opportunity to make a wide range of subtle tones. The composition was not too complex but I was keen to show the bricks at the bottom which may have compromised the flower heads at the top especially as some of the canvas is lost in the clamping to the easel.

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This piece took around two and one half hours to complete and by using plenty of zest it to keep the paint thin allowed me to to block in the main areas quickly and blend the tones wet into wet easily. I then sharpened areas with a rigger brush using the titatium white and degrees of black mixed from the reds, yellows and blues.5.1 030

Part Five:Research

I’ve picked three artists from the list with my eyes closed and a pin as the brief says to discover what I both like and dislike about their work and see if imagining my chosen subject viewed through their eyes could influence my own assignment.

Charles Avery

At the centre of his practice is his invention of an imaginary island society that would appear to be a surreal microcosm of society in general. He uses cartoonish drawings, sculptures and constructions to create a world that seems full of irony and despite some of the humorous subject matter has an underlying feeling of pessimistic depression. ‘Duculi’ or ‘the indescribable’ for example was on show at this years summer exhibition and shows two dog like creatures joined at the neck as though fighting and trying to swallow each other. Is he trying to suggest society consuming its self or is he just playing with ideas of idolatry.

Untitled Duculi Charles Avery 2013

Untitled “Duculi” Charles Avery 2013


 

Christian Boltanski

His work is made up of carefully curated artefacts and photographs. ‘The Reserve of Dead Swiss’ from 1990 and held at Tate Modern shows 42 photographs, portraits of presumably deceased men, women and children of varying ages that he has re photographed to make all the same size and then placed on shelves draped with linen. Each individual portrait is lit from a small spot light clipped on to the frame emulating candle light so that the whole piece becomes a memorial archive that induces a sad emotional response in me.

The Reserve of Dead Swiss Christian Boltanski 1990

The Reserve of Dead Swiss Christian Boltanski 1990


 

Kathy Prendergast

This Irish artist often uses maps to underpin her work. Some are coloured in geological maps and some are blacked out with only a sense left of what lies underneath. I think her idea is to subvert the use of a maps as a guide to give direction and rendering them useless by removing them of their original function. This can be seen in her redacted atlases and in her computer generated map of the U.S.A. called “Lost” where she has removed all the place names other than the ones containing the word lost. Fujidelic, shown below however appears to be hand coloured and does give the viewer the sense of seismic power emanating from the area of the map.

Fujidelic Kathy Prendergast 2015

Fujidelic Kathy Prendergast 2015


 

All three of these artists are very interesting in terms of the development of ideas and thought provoking work. I am heartened by the array of different media they all use and the diversity involved in their practice. It is difficult for me to gain a great deal of insight into understanding painting media from any of them as they are all primarily involved with installation works, sculpture, computer generated work or photography. Most have pursued their chosen themes over a creative life time and I am only just starting out but can already see the benefit gained from deeper thought and research on ones chosen subject and hope this will become evident with my final assignment collection. I am unable to say wether I like or dislike any of these three artists work, I am moved emotionally by Boltanski but find myself slightly indifferent to Avery’s world and the slightly too clever work of Kathy Prendergast despite having a bit of an affinity to maps myself.

Part Five:Exercise 2

These ink on grey postcard size paper were made while cycling around my local block, admittedly it is a good three kilometers and offers a wide variety of subjects. I found it uncomfortable doing these and was unsatisfied with the results so I then chose to do five more little drawings, when I got home, of a variety of flora that I picked on the way round. These I am pleased with, I like the way they have a look of photo negatives of botanical samples.

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The postcard watercolours proved difficult as much because of the heat as my inability to make the most of this medium. I have a small travel box of colours which includes a small water bottle but everything was evaporating so fast no matter how quickly I worked.

Reflections on Part Four.

Demonstration of technical and visual skills.

Although the actual body of work done for part four is small, I think it shows that I  observe my subjects well and despite their diversity I hope to have shown some skill in the way I have rendered each subject. I enjoy using oil paints very much wether used thinly or impasto and I’m not sure if exercises 4.1 and 4.4 were there to prepare us for layering oil paint correctly by making sure that fat covers thin.

Quality of outcome.

As always it is hard to appraise the quality of ones own work but there have been many parts that I feel have worked well. In particular I was pleased with the way I captured the latticed shelves that my shoes are kept on and the way that the weft of the cotton ticking showed through the layers of thin painted socks gave the impression of a woollen material. I enjoyed drawing with caran d’ache and the very thin oil paints on paper came out well but of course every piece could be either improved or overworked quite easily.

Demonstration of creativity. 

Again I find creativity is somewhat restrained by the exercises but I hope that, despite obvious similarities between this work and some of the artists that I’ve researched, there can be seen a sense of who I am coming through. I hope that I’ve also shown that by using a round surface I’ve faced the challenge of composition fully by trying to isolate my subjects yet leaving clues as to what lies outside of the circle.

Context.

Within the constraints of a circular support and the domestic interior as a subject I think I’ve produced a small body of work that shows a relationship between the subjects and the isolating effect of the round frame. The tondo appears to allow one to focus sharply on a smaller area than one would with a rectangle.

Asides.

We were asked to use paper plates as a support for some of the exercises but the opportunity never came up so I decided, having felt the need to just paint, to use some of them to create an imaginary landscape with acrylics. I liked the idea that I could paint each plate as part of a whole image that could only come together when they were placed in a circle. It was fun to use loose paint and brush stroke to achieve the finished result in a very short time while knowing that it wouldn’t matter if it didn’t work out.

Paper plates asides

 

As a further aside, I had fun while cleaning my palette that was made from a glass table top. I scraped the excess paint over the surface with my palette knife and fingers and then photographed the result by placing it over a white surface.

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