Alasdair MacIntyre’s Whose Justice? Which Rationality? is an ambitious attempt to answer a deceptively simple question: how can rival and deeply opposed moral traditions argue with one another rationally, rather than merely assert power, preference, or authority? MacIntyre’s answer unfolds historically. Instead of beginning with abstract theory, he traces how different civilizations and traditions have understood justice, reason, and moral disagreement—and how those understandings emerged from concrete social crises.