A ridiculously small Turing machine has been proven Universal (and someone won a $25,000 prize in the process)Much of the theoretical treatment of this discovery is beyond my comprehension as I have never undertaken any studies of cellular automata. However, the important bits I grasp. And what I grasp is that this might possibly be one of the more important discoveries of the coming century, though I doubt it will see practical application for a decade or more. When we
accidentally unleash doom on us all build amazing things from autonomous nanotechnological robots, this will probably be the computational model they end up using.
With what little of the description I understand, I could probably in only thirty minutes, right now, with the components I have in my basement desk drawer, build a universal computer that, given enough memory, could perform any possible computation, and therefore, run any program ever written, assuming you were willing to take the time to write the base layer code. Granted, that would probably involve hand-coding a few terabytes if you wanted to run something like Windows. But the fact that it is possible is amazing.
More amazing, is that this machine, which can be so briefly and completely described, is probably capable of running the holy grail of operating systems - a human mind. All that is required is that you take the time to write the emulation layer. Too bad that would probably take you a few million years :) So have no fear that this will make any near-term headway toward answering any great questions of the Mind: Soul vs. Program variety.