
Two coffins on their way to be integrated to the Pantheon, France’s national mausoleum for the remains of its distinguished citizens. Two empty coffins, as one of those so honoured wished his body to remain where it had been buried after his death at the hands of the Gestapo in 1944 and the other because the remains of his wife had never been found after her death shortly after his own.
Marc Bloch and Simonne Vidal.
I came across the work of Marc Bloch when I was a student……his study of feudal society viewed it as far wider then the conventional way of treating it as a pyramid….he put its origins in the break up of the Carolingian empire, the widespread insecurity and the dispersal of power of the period, drawing on sociological and geographical themes to illustrate his arguments. It was an eye opener for me…..
Only later, when in France, did I discover Bloch the soldier in two world wars and Bloch the Resistance organiser, betrayed to and killed by the Gestapo.
And I also discovered his book on the defeat of France in 1940…’Strange Defeat’, analysing that defeat from the point of view of a participant and concluding that in large part it was due to the incompetence of the high command, who were still fighting the last war and riddled with defeatism, while acknowledging that he, and other survivors of the the Great War, were at fault in not agitating in the inter war period, content to have a society at peace, not wishing to rock the boat.
Ironically for that great historian, it is that latter work which will carry his legacy.
I had a message from France about the same time….but not about Bloch.
There was a devastating fire in the area where I lived when first in France and friends sent me details and images….nearly one hundred hectares of pine forest destroyed, and surrounding areas threatened, despite the best efforts of fire brigades from all over the department – and from as far away as the neighbouring region. They thought at one point that they had it beaten, only for it to break out again as the wind got up.
My old house was close by….friends still lived in a hamlet down the road….I recognised the places in the images sent over…roads I had taken so many times, all the memories of that time now so far off which suddenly became close again.
I had been in that pine forest, searching for chanterelles under the supervision of Gerard, while keeping a wary eye out for one of the owners who was handy with his shotgun…..had widened our search to the deciduous woodland belonging to the chateau down the road….dropped in for a drink with Pappy…..and sympathised with Jean, who had sold a sheep and not been paid for it by the chap living in the hamlet the the side of the wood. His wife was not surprised. Whatever had possessed him to sell anything to one of those people…of ‘teint bazane’ – brown skinned! Everyone knew they were descended from the Saracens Charles Martel had beaten at the battle of Poitiers, who had taken refuge in the forests of the time. The battle of Poitiers had taken place in 732 A.D…..but not forgotten over eleven centuries later!
But those images also showed the side of rural France that I had always appreciated….yes, the firemen, so many of them volunteers….but farmers bringing tanks of water, people setting up sites for the water and food donated by local shops and individuals to succour the firemen in their breaks from duty….the solidarity which kept rural life going, in good times and bad.
And so I returned to Marc Bloch….for it was from his association with the working class soldiers – the poilus – he commanded in the Great War that he drew inspiration for his historical studies….the importance of the collective of people, not the shooting star individuals that up until then had dominated the study of history. And the collective, in my old haunts, was still going strong.
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