Tag: yum

Yum crashed with Keyboard Interrupt error

I installed the newer version of python (3.2.3) than the one available in Fedora16 (python2.7)

And now yum stops working. It shows the following error.

[root@localhost yum-3.4.3]# yum
  File "/usr/bin/yum", line 30
   except KeyboardInterrupt, e:
                        ^

Because yum dose not support Python3. You can run command vi /usr/bin/yum, change /usr/bin/python to /usr/bin/python2 in first line. Thus you can run the command yum by Python2 instead of Python3.

Difference between PHP 5.6u and PHP 5.6w

I’ve been going through running PHP 5.6 and now looking at 7 running on CentOS 7 (typically 5.4) and I had been installing php56u and now I’ve been seeing php56w and I can’t find anywhere what the difference is.

Solution:

The last letter represents some sort of informal way of designating the origin of a third party release of PHP:

php56u = IUS Repository
php56w = Webtatic Repository

Both third party repositories compiled the source tarballs of PHP 5.6 and publicly released the package, appending a letter to its name in order to differentiate it from the official CentOS’ one.

This practice doesn’t represent a golden standard and every third party repository can use a different convention for releasing packages (or can even avoid defining one). The same PHP version released by Software Collections, for example, is named rh-php56.

Chef: ChefDK

chefdk1chefdk2chefdk3chefdk4

  1. Create a linux machine, login into it and execute the following command:
    curl -s https://omnitruck.chef.io/install.sh | sudo bash -s — -P chefdk
  2. Now we need to change the default ruby to point it to the chef ruby and not the system ruby. Execute the following command for it.
    echo ‘eval “$(chef shell-init bash)”‘ >> ~/.bash_profileNote:eval is part of POSIX. Its an interface which can be a shell built-in.Its described in the “POSIX Programmer’s Manual”: http://www.unix.com/man-page/posix/1posix/eval/

    eval - construct command by concatenating arguments

    It will take an argument and construct a command of it, which will be executed by the shell. This is the example of the manpage:

    1) foo=10 x=foo
2) y='$'$x
3) echo $y
4) $foo
5) eval y='$'$x
6) echo $y
7) 10
    1. In the first line you define $foo with the value '10' and $x with the value 'foo'.
    2. Now define $y, which consists of the string '$foo'. The dollar sign must be escaped with '$'.
    3. To check the result, echo $y.
    4. The result will be the string '$foo'
    5. Now we repeat the assignment with eval. It will first evaluate $x to the string 'foo'. Now we have the statement y=$foo which will get evaluated to y=10.
    6. The result of echo $y is now the value '10'.

    This is a common function in many languages, e.g. Perl and JavaScript.

  3. The chef shell-init bash command ouputs as follows:
    export PATH=”/opt/chefdk/bin:/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.4.0/bin:/opt/chefdk/embedded/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/opt/chefdk/gitbin”
    export GEM_ROOT=”/opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0″
    export GEM_HOME=”/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.4.0″
    export GEM_PATH=”/root/.chefdk/gem/ruby/2.4.0:/opt/chefdk/embedded/lib/ruby/gems/2.4.0″
    _chef_comp() {
    local COMMANDS=”exec env gem generate shell-init install update push push-archive show-policy diff provision export clean-policy-revisions clean-policy-cookbooks delete-policy-group delete-policy undelete verify”
    COMPREPLY=($(compgen -W “$COMMANDS” — ${COMP_WORDS[COMP_CWORD]} ))
    }
    complete -F _chef_comp chef
    Thus eval command will execute the above arguments as a command and set all the necessary variables.
  4. We then add these variables in .bash_profile file so that it is loaded for all the shell termnals. So load the .bash_profile by executing source ~/.bash_profile
    Check by executing which chef and which ruby
  5.  Execute  chef -v to check chef version. Output will be as follows:
    chef-client version: 13.4.19
    delivery version: master (73ebb72a6c42b3d2ff5370c476be800fee7e5427)
    berks version: 6.3.1
    kitchen version: 1.17.0
    inspec version: 1.36.1
  6. Then execute the following:
    yum install -y git yum-utils
  7. Then configure git name and email:
    git config –global user.name “Arati”
    git config –global user.email “aratik711@gmail.com”
    git config –global core.editor vi
    git config –global color.ui auto
  8. Add the docker repo with the following command:
    yum-config-manager –add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
    yum makecache fast
  9. Install docker container Engine with the following command:
    yum -y install docker-ce
  10. Enable and start the docker service:
    systemctl enable docker
    systemctl start docker
  11. If you are not using the root user you will need to add your user to the docker group to execute docker commands:
    sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
  12. So as to avoid the systemd issue that occurs in the containers we will have to stop and disable the getty@tty1 service.
    A getty is the generic name for a program which manages a terminal line and its connected terminal. Its purpose is to protect the system from unauthorized access. Generally, each getty process is started by systemd and manages a single terminal line.
    sudo systemctl stop getty@tty1.service
    sudo systemctl mask getty@tty1.service
    Create a test network:
    docker network create –subnet=10.1.1.0/24 testnet
  13. Then install docker driver so that the test-kitchen can use it:
    gem install kitchen-docker
    You might get an error as follows:

    Fetching: mixlib-shellout-2.3.2.gem (100%)
ERROR:  Error installing kitchen-docker:
	mixlib-shellout requires Ruby version >= 2.2.

    Then install the individual dependencies with the following commands:

    gem install mixlib-shellout -v 2.2.7

gem install test-kitchen -v 1.16.0

gem install kitchen-docker

Yum : Operation too slow. Less than 1000 byt es/sec transferred the last 30 seconds

  • First thing to try is the usual
    yum clean all
  • You might be running 3rd party repositories and do not have yum-plugin-priorities installed.
    This could compromise your system, so please install and configure yum-plugin-priorities.
  • You could also try the following:

yum –disableplugin=fastestmirror update.

  • minrate This sets the low speed threshold in bytes per second. If the server is sending data slower than this for at least timeout' seconds, Yum aborts the connection. The default is1000′.

  timeout Number of seconds to wait for a connection before timing out. Defaults to 30 seconds. This may be too short of a time for extremely overloaded sites.

You can reduce minrate and/or increase timeoute. Just add/edit these parameters in /etc/yum.conf [main] section. For example:

[main]
...
minrate=1
timeout=300

Creating custom YUM repo

This page will be useful when creating your own/ custom yum repo and using it for your yum installations.

The standard RPM package management tool in Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and CentOS is the yum package manager. Yum works quite well, if a little bit slower than other RPM package managers like apt4rpm and urpmi, but it is solid and handles dependencies extremely well. Using it with official and third-party repositories is a breeze to set up, but what if you want to use your own repository? Perhaps you manage a large computer lab or network and need to have — or want to have — certain packages available to these systems that you maintain in-house. Or perhaps you simply want to set up your own repository to share a few RPM packages.

The following are the steps to create your own repo.

Step-by-step guide

Follow these steps on server machine.

  1. Creating your own yum repository is very simple, and very straightforward. In order to do it, you need the createrepo tool, which can be found in the createrepo package, so to install it, execute as root:yum install createrepo
  2. Install Apache HTTPD. Apache will act as a server to your clients where you want to install the packages.You may need to respond to some prompts to confirm you want to complete the installation.

    yum install httpd

  3. Creating a custom repository requires RPM or DEB files. If you already have these files, proceed to the next step. Otherwise, download the appropriate versions of the rpms and their dependencies.

  4. Move your files to the web server directory and modify file permissions. For example, you might use the following commands:

    mv /tmp/repo/* /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/7

  5. After moving files, visit http://:80/repos/centos/6/7
  6. Add a user and password to your apache directory. Execute the following command.
    htpasswd -c /etc/repo repouser
    where repouser is your username and you will be prompted for the password. /etc/repo can be any location where you want to store your password file which will be created after this command.
  7. Add authentication to your apache to add security. Add the following in your /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf file

    AuthType Basic
    AuthName “Password Required”
    AuthUserFile /etc/repo
    Require valid-user

    /var/www/html/repos is the path of your repo where you have your rpms stored. /etc/repo is the path of your password file.

  8. Execute the following command to create your repo.
    createrepo  /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/7
  9. Add the port 80 in firewall to accept incoming requests to Apache.
    sudo lokkit -p 80:tcp
  10. Start your apache server service httpd start
    visit http://:80/repos/centos/6/7 in browser to verify that you see an index of files

Follow these steps on client machine.

  1. Rename/ delete the .repo files present in  /etc/yum.repos.d/ to xyz.repo.bak
  2. Create files on client systems with the following information and format, where hostname is the name of the web server you created in the previous step.
    vi /etc/yum.repos.d/custom.repo
    the file name can be anything you want. Your repo will be refered to from this file.
  3. Add the following data in the newly created file or you can add it in /etc/yum.conf
    [custom]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Base
    baseurl=http://:@/repos/centos/6/7/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
    enabled = 1#released updates
    [custom-updates]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Updates
    baseurl=http://:@/repos/centos/6/7/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

    #additional packages that may be useful
    [custom-extras]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Extras
    baseurl=http://:@/repos/centos/6/7/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

    #additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
    [custom-centosplus]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Plus
    baseurl=http://:@/repos/centos/6/7/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

    #contrib – packages by Centos Users
    [custom-contrib]
    name=CentOS-$releasever – Contrib
    baseurl=http://:@/repos/centos/6/7/
    gpgcheck=1
    enabled=0
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
    Here will be repouser or the user you added, is the password you entered. For ex: repouser@PassW0rd@172.16.120.50

  4. Execute the following commands to update yum.
    yum clean all
    yum update
  5. To use your custom repo execute the following command:
    yum install packagename
    For ex. yum install tomcat6
    It will look for the packages in the newly created repo and install from there.

In case you want to add custom group to your yum repo, use the following steps:

  1. Change directory to where your repo is(i.e where your rpms are stored).Ex. if the repo is at /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/7 then

    cd  /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/7

  2. Suppose your groupinstall command is as sudo yum groupinstall test-package and the mandatory packages required are yum and glibc and optional package is rpm

    yum-groups-manager -n “test-package” –id=test-package –save=test-package.xml –mandatory yum glibc –optional rpm

  3. A file named test-package.xml will be created in your current working directory. Execute the following command.
    sudo createrepo -g /path/to/xml/file /path/to/repo
    Example: sudo createrepo -g /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/7/test-package.xml /var/www/html/repos/centos/6/7