Calendaring Extensions to WebDAV (CalDAV)

cyrus@daboo.name

Oracle Corporation

600 Blvd. de Maisonneuve West Suite 1900 Montreal QC H3A 3J2 CA bernard.desruisseaux@oracle.com http://www.oracle.com/

Open Source Application Foundation

2064 Edgewood Dr. Palo Alto CA 94303 US lisa@osafoundation.org http://www.osafoundation.org/

Applications calsched calsch caldav calendar calendaring scheduling webdav iCal iCalendar text/calendar HTTP This document specifies a set of methods, headers, message bodies, properties, and reports that define calendar access extensions to the WebDAV protocol. The new protocol elements are intended to make WebDAV-based calendaring and scheduling an interoperable standard that supports calendar access, calendar management, calendar sharing, and calendar publishing.

The concept of using HTTP and WebDAV as a basis for a calendar access protocol is by no means a new concept: it was discussed in the IETF CALSCH working group as early as 1997 or 1998. Several companies have implemented calendar access protocols using HTTP to upload and download iCalendar objects, and using WebDAV to get listings of resources. However, those implementations do not interoperate because there are many small and big decisions to be made in how to model calendaring data as WebDAV resources, as well as how to implement required features that aren't already part of WebDAV. This document proposes a way to model calendar data in WebDAV, with additional features to make an interoperable calendar access protocol. Discussion of this Internet-Draft is taking place on the mailing list <http://lists.osafoundation.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf-caldav>.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in . The term "protected" is used in the Conformance field of property definitions as defined in Section 1.4.2 of . When XML element types in the namespaces "DAV:" and "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" are referenced in this document outside of the context of an XML fragment, the string "DAV:" and "CALDAV:" will be prefixed to the element type names respectively.

Definitions of XML elements in this document use XML element type declarations (as found in XML Document Type Declarations), described in Section 3.2 of . The namespace "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" is reserved for the XML elements defined in this specification, its revisions, and related CalDAV specifications. XML elements defined by individual implementations MUST NOT use the "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" namespace, and instead should use a namespace that they control. The XML declarations used in this document do not include namespace information. Thus, implementers MUST NOT use these declarations as the only way to create valid CalDAV properties or to validate CalDAV XML element type. Some of the declarations refer to XML elements defined by WebDAV which use the "DAV:" namespace. Wherever such XML elements appear, they are explicitly prefixed with "DAV:" to avoid confusion. Also note that some CalDAV XML element names are identical to WebDAV XML element names, though their namespace differs. Care must be taken not to confuse the two sets of names.

A "precondition" of a method describes the state of the server that must be true for that method to be performed. A "postcondition" of a method describes the state of the server that must be true after that method has been completed. If a method precondition or postcondition for a request is not satisfied, the response status of the request MUST be either 403 (Forbidden) if the request should not be repeated because it will always fail, or 409 (Conflict) if it is expected that the user might be able to resolve the conflict and resubmit the request. In order to allow better client handling of 403 and 409 responses, a distinct XML element type is associated with each method precondition and postcondition of a request. When a particular precondition is not satisfied or a particular postcondition cannot be achieved, the appropriate XML element MUST be returned as the child of a top-level DAV:error element in the response body, unless otherwise negotiated by the request.

This section lists what functionality is required of a CalDAV server. To advertise support for CalDAV, a server: MUST support iCalendar as a media type for calendar object resource format; MUST support WebDAV Class 1; MUST support WebDAV ACL with the additional privilege defined in of this document; MUST support transport over TLS as defined in ; MUST support ETags with additional requirements specified in of this document; MUST support all calendaring REPORTs defined in of this document; and MUST advertise support on all calendar collections and calendar object resources for the calendaring REPORTs in the DAV:supported-report-set property as defined in Versioning Extensions to WebDAV. In addition, a server: SHOULD support the MKCALENDAR method defined in of this document.

One of the features which has made WebDAV a successful protocol is its firm data model. This makes it a useful framework for other applications such as calendaring. This specification follows the same pattern by developing all features based on a well-described data model. As a brief overview, a CalDAV calendar is modeled as a WebDAV collection with a defined structure; each calendar collection contains a number of resources representing calendar objects as its direct child resource. Each resource representing a calendar object (event or to-do, or journal entry, or other calendar components) is called a "calendar object resource". Each calendar object resource and each calendar collection can be individually locked and have individual WebDAV properties. Requirements derived from this model are provided in and .

A CalDAV server is a calendaring-aware engine combined with a WebDAV repository. A WebDAV repository is a set of WebDAV collections, containing other WebDAV resources, within a unified URL namespace. For example, the repository "http://www.example.com/webdav/" may contain WebDAV collections and resources, all of which have URLs beginning with "http://www.example.com/webdav/". Note that the root URL "http://www.example.com/" may not itself be a WebDAV repository (for example, if the WebDAV support is implemented through a servlet or other Web server extension). A WebDAV repository MAY include calendar data in some parts of its URL namespace, and non-calendaring data in other parts. A WebDAV repository can advertise itself as a CalDAV server if it supports the functionality defined in this specification at any point within the root of the repository. That might mean that calendaring data is spread throughout the repository and mixed with non-calendar data in nearby collections (e.g., calendar data may be found in /home/lisa/calendars/ as well as in /home/bernard/calendars/, and non-calendar data in /home/lisa/contacts/). Or, it might mean that calendar data can be found only in certain sections of the repository (e.g., /calendar/). Calendaring features are only required in the repository sections that are or contain calendar object resources. So a repository confining calendar data to the /calendar/ collection would only need to support the CalDAV required features within that collection. The CalDAV server or repository is the canonical location for calendar data and state information. Both CalDAV servers and clients MUST ensure that the data is consistent and compliant. Clients may submit requests to change data or download data. Clients may store calendar objects offline and attempt to synchronize at a later time. However, clients MUST be prepared for calendar data on the server to change between the time of last synchronization and when attempting an update, as calendar collections may be shared and accessible via multiple clients. Entity tags and other features make this possible.

Recurrence is an important part of the data model because it governs how many resources are expected to exist. This specification models a recurring calendar component and its recurrence exceptions as a single resource. In this model, recurrence rules, recurrence dates, exception rules, and exception dates are all part of the data in a single calendar object resource. This model avoids problems of limiting how many recurrence instances to store in the repository, how to keep recurrence instances in sync with the recurring calendar component, and how to link recurrence exceptions with the recurring calendar component. It also results in less data to synchronize between client and server, and makes it easier to make changes to all recurrence instances or to a recurrence rule. It makes it easier to create a recurring calendar component, and easier to delete all recurrence instances. Clients are not forced to retrieve information about all recurrence instances of a recurring component. The CALDAV:calendar-query and CALDAV:calendar-multiget REPORTs defined in this document allow clients to retrieve only recurrence instances that overlap a given time range.

Calendar object resources contained in calendar collections MUST NOT contain more than one type of calendar component (e.g., VEVENT, VTODO, VJOURNAL, VFREEBUSY, etc.) with the exception of VTIMEZONE components which MUST be specified for each unique TZID parameter value specified in the iCalendar object. For instance, a calendar object resource can contain two VEVENT components and one VTIMEZONE component, but it cannot contain one VEVENT component and one VTODO component. Calendar object resources contained in calendar collections MUST NOT specify the iCalendar METHOD property. The UID property value of the calendar components contained in a calendar object resource MUST be unique in the scope of the calendar collection in which they are stored. Calendar components in a calendar collection that have different UID property values MUST be stored in separate calendar object resources. Calendar components with the same UID property value, in a given calendar collection, MUST be contained in the same calendar object resource. This ensures that all components in a recurrence "set" are contained in the same calendar object resource. It is possible for a calendar object resource to just contain components that represent "overridden" instances (ones which modify the behavior of a regular instance, and thus include a RECURRENCE-ID property), without also including the "master" recurring component (the one that defines the recurrence "set" and does not contain any "RECURRENCE-ID" property). For example, given the following iCalendar object:

The VEVENT component with the UID value "1@example.com", would be stored in its own calendar object resource. The two VEVENT components with the UID value "2@example.com", which represent a recurring event where one recurrence instance has been overridden, would be stored in the same calendar object resource.

A calendar collection contains calendar object resources that represent calendar components within a calendar. A calendar collection is manifested to clients as a WebDAV resource collection identified by a URL. A calendar collection MUST report the DAV:collection and CALDAV:calendar XML elements in the value of the DAV:resourcetype property. The element type declaration for CALDAV:calendar is:

]]> A calendar collection can be created through provisioning (e.g., automatically created when a user's account is provisioned), or it can be created with the MKCALENDAR method (see ). This method can be useful for a user to create additional calendars (e.g., soccer schedule) or for users to share a calendar (e.g., team events or conference room). Note however that this document doesn't define what extra calendar collections are for. Users must rely on non-standard cues to find out what a calendar collection is for, or use the CALDAV:calendar-description property defined in to provide such a cue. Calendar collections MUST only contain calendar object resources and collections that are not calendar collections. Furthermore, collections contained in calendar collections MUST NOT contain calendar collections. This specification does not define how collections contained in calendar collections are used and may relate to the calendar object resources contained in the calendar collections. Multiple calendar collections MAY be children of the same collection.

A server supporting the features described in this document MUST include "calendar-access" as a field in the DAV response header from an OPTIONS request on any resource that supports any calendar properties, reports, method, or privilege. A value of "calendar-access" in the DAV response header MUST indicate that the server supports all MUST level requirements specified in this document.

>> Request <<

>> Response << In this example, the OPTIONS method returns the value "calendar-access" in the DAV response header to indicate that the collection "/home/bernard/calendars/" may support properties, reports, methods, or privilege defined in this specification.

This section defines properties that MAY be defined on calendar collections.

calendar-description urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Provides a human-readable description of the calendar collection. This property MAY be protected and SHOULD NOT be returned by a PROPFIND DAV:allprop request (as defined in Section 12.14.1 of ). An xml:lang attribute indicating the human language of the description SHOULD be set for this property by clients or through server provisioning. Servers MUST return any xml:lang attribute if set for the property. The CALDAV:calendar-description property MAY be defined on any calendar collection. If present, the property contains a description of the calendar collection that is suitable for presentation to a user.

PCDATA value: string ]]>

Calendrier de Mathilde Desruisseaux ]]>

calendar-timezone urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies a time zone on a calendar collection. This property SHOULD NOT be returned by a PROPFIND DAV:allprop request (as defined in Section 12.14.1 of ). The CALDAV:calendar-timezone property SHOULD be defined on all calendar collections to specify the time zone the server should rely on to resolve "date" values and "date with local time" values (i.e., floating time) to "date with UTC time" values. The server will require this information to determine if a calendar component scheduled with "date" values or "date with local time" values overlaps a CALDAV:time-range specified in a CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT. The server will also require this information to compute the proper FREEBUSY time period as "date with UTC time" in the VFREEBUSY component returned in a response to a CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT request that takes into account calendar components scheduled with "date" values or "date with local time" values.

PCDATA value: an iCalendar object with exactly one VTIMEZONE component. ]]>

BEGIN:VCALENDAR PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN VERSION:2.0 BEGIN:VTIMEZONE TZID:US-Eastern LAST-MODIFIED:19870101T000000Z BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:19671029T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10 TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 TZNAME:Eastern Standard Time (US & Canada) END:STANDARD BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:19870405T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4 TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 TZNAME:Eastern Daylight Time (US & Canada) END:DAYLIGHT END:VTIMEZONE END:VCALENDAR ]]>

supported-calendar-component-set urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies the calendar component types (e.g., VEVENT, VTODO, etc.) that calendar object resources may contain in the calendar collection. This property MUST be protected and SHOULD NOT be returned by a PROPFIND DAV:allprop request (as defined in Section 12.14.1 of ). The CALDAV:supported-calendar-component-set property MAY be defined on any calendar collection to specify restrictions on the calendar component types that calendar object resources may contain in a calendar collection. Since this property is protected it cannot be changed by clients using a PROPPATCH request. However, clients can initialize the value of this property when creating a new calendar collection with MKCALENDAR. The empty-element tag <C:comp name="VTIMEZONE"/> MUST only be specified if support for calendar object resources that only contain VTIMEZONE components is provided or desired. Support for VTIMEZONE components in calendar object resources that contain VEVENT or VTODO components is always assumed.

]]>

supported-calendar-data urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies restrictions on a calendar collection. This property MUST be protected and SHOULD NOT be returned by a PROPFIND DAV:allprop request (as defined in Section 12.14.1 of ). The CALDAV:supported-calendar-data property MAY be defined on any calendar collection to specify the media type supported for the calendar object resources contained in a given calendar collection (e.g., iCalendar version 2.0).

]]>

This specification creates an additional Precondition for the PROPPATCH method. The precondition is: (CALDAV:valid-calendar-data): The time zone specified in CALDAV:calendar-timezone property MUST be a valid iCalendar object containing a single valid VTIMEZONE component.

The creation of calendar collections and calendar object resources may be initiated by either a CalDAV client or by the CalDAV server. For example, a server might come pre-configured with a user's calendar collection, or the CalDAV client might request the server to create a new calendar collection for a given user. Servers might populate events as calendar objects inside a calendar collection, or clients might request the server to create events. Either way, both client and server MUST comply with the requirements in this document, and MUST understand objects appearing in calendar collections or according to the data model defined here.

An HTTP request using the MKCALENDAR method creates a new calendar collection resource. A server MAY restrict calendar collection creation to particular collections. Support for MKCALENDAR on the server is only RECOMMENDED and not REQUIRED because some calendar stores only support one calendar per user (or principal) and those are typically pre-created for each account. However, servers and clients are strongly encouraged to support MKCALENDAR whenever possible to allow users to create multiple calendar collections to better help organize their data. Clients SHOULD use the DAV:displayname property for a human-readable name of the calendar. Clients can either specify the value of the DAV:displayname property in the request body of the MKCALENDAR request, or alternatively issue a PROPPATCH request to change the DAV:displayname property to the appropriate value immediately after issuing the MKCALENDAR request. Clients SHOULD NOT set the DAV:displayname property to be the same as any other calendar collection at the same URI "level". When displaying calendar collections to users, clients SHOULD check the DAV:displayname property and use that value as the name of the calendar. In the event that the DAV:displayname property is empty, the client MAY use the last part of the calendar collection URI as the name, however that path segment may be "opaque" and not represent any meaningful human-readable text. If a MKCALENDAR request fails, the server state preceding the request MUST be restored. Marshalling: If a request body is included, it MUST be a CALDAV:mkcalendar XML element. Instruction processing MUST occur in the order instructions are received (i.e., from top to bottom). Instructions MUST either all be executed or none executed. Thus if any error occurs during processing, all executed instructions MUST be undone and a proper error result returned. Instruction processing details can be found in the definition of the DAV:set instruction in Section 12.13 of .

]]> If a response body for a successful request is included, it MUST be a CALDAV:mkcalendar-response XML element.

]]> The response MUST include a Cache-Control:no-cache header. Preconditions: (DAV:resource-must-be-null): A resource MUST NOT exist at the Request-URI; (CALDAV:calendar-collection-location-ok): The Request-URI MUST identify a location where a calendar collection can be created; (CALDAV:valid-calendar-data): The time zone specified in the CALDAV:calendar-timezone property MUST be a valid iCalendar object containing a single valid VTIMEZONE component; (DAV:needs-privilege): The DAV:bind privilege MUST be granted to the current user on the parent collection of the Request-URI. Postconditions: (CALDAV:initialize-calendar-collection): A new calendar collection exists at the Request-URI. The DAV:resourcetype of the calendar collection MUST contain both DAV:collection and CALDAV:calendar XML elements.

The following are examples of response codes one would expect to get in a response to a MKCALENDAR request. Note that this list is by no means exhaustive. 201 (Created) - The calendar collection resource was created in its entirety; 207 (Multi-Status) - The calendar collection resource was not created since one or more DAV:set instructions specified in the request body could not be processed successfully. The following are examples of response codes one would expect to be used in a 207 (Multi-Status) response in this situation: 403 (Forbidden) - The client, for reasons the server chooses not to specify, cannot alter one of the properties; 409 (Conflict) - The client has provided a value whose semantics are not appropriate for the property. This includes trying to set read-only properties; 424 (Failed Dependency) - The DAV:set instruction on the specified resource would have succeeded if it were not for the failure of another DAV:set instruction specified in the request body; 423 (Locked) - The specified resource is locked and the client either is not a lock owner or the lock type requires a lock token to be submitted and the client did not submit it; and 507 (Insufficient Storage) - The server did not have sufficient space to record the property; 403 (Forbidden) - This indicates at least one of two conditions: 1) the server does not allow the creation of calendar collections at the given location in its namespace, or 2) the parent collection of the Request-URI exists but cannot accept members; 409 (Conflict) - A collection cannot be made at the Request-URI until one or more intermediate collections have been created; 415 (Unsupported Media Type) - The server does not support the request type of the body; and 507 (Insufficient Storage) - The resource does not have sufficient space to record the state of the resource after the execution of this method.

This example creates a calendar collection called /home/lisa/calendars/events/ on the server cal.example.com with specific values for the properties DAV:displayname, CALDAV:calendar-description, CALDAV:supported-calendar-component-set, and CALDAV:calendar-timezone.

>> Request << Lisa's Events

Calendar restricted to events.

]]><![CDATA[]]>

]]>

>> Response <<

Clients populate calendar collections with calendar object resources. The URL for each calendar object resource is entirely arbitrary, and does not need to bear a specific relationship to the calendar object resource's iCalendar properties or other metadata. New calendar object resources MUST be created with a PUT request targeted at an unmapped URI. A PUT request targeted at a mapped URI updates an existing calendar object resource. When servers create new resources, it's not hard for the server to choose an unmapped URI. It's slightly tougher for clients, because a client might not want to examine all resources in the collection, and might not want to lock the entire collection to ensure that a new resource isn't created with a name collision. However, there is an HTTP feature to mitigate this. If the client intends to create a new non-collection resource, such as a new VEVENT, the client SHOULD use the HTTP request header "If-None-Match: *" on the PUT request. The Request-URI on the PUT request MUST include the target collection, where the resource is to be created, plus the name of the resource in the last path segment. The "If-None-Match: *" request header ensures that the client will not inadvertently overwrite an existing resource, if the last path segment turned out to already be used.

>> Request <<

>> Response << The request to change an existing event is the same, but with a specific ETag in the "If-Match" header, rather than the "If-None-Match" header. As indicated in Section 3.10 of , the URL of calendar object resources containing (an arbitrary set of) calendaring and scheduling information may be suffixed by ".ics", and the URL of calendar object resources containing free or busy time information may be suffixed by ".ifb".

This specification creates additional Preconditions for PUT, COPY and MOVE methods. These preconditions apply: When a PUT operation of a calendar object resource into a calendar collection occurs. When a COPY or MOVE operation of a calendar object resource into a calendar collection occurs. The new preconditions are: (CALDAV:supported-calendar-data): The resource submitted in the PUT request, or targeted by a COPY or MOVE request MUST be a supported media type (i.e., iCalendar) for calendar object resources; (CALDAV:valid-calendar-data): The resource submitted in the PUT request, or targeted by a COPY or MOVE request MUST be valid data for the media type being specified (i.e., MUST contain valid iCalendar data); (CALDAV:valid-calendar-object-resource): The resource submitted in the PUT request, or targeted by a COPY or MOVE request MUST obey all restrictions specified in (e.g., calendar object resources MUST NOT contain more than one type of calendar component, calendar object resources MUST NOT specify the iCalendar METHOD property, etc.); (CALDAV:supported-calendar-component): The resource submitted in the PUT request, or targeted by a COPY or MOVE request MUST contain a type of calendar component that is supported in the targeted calendar collection; (CALDAV:no-uid-conflict): The resource submitted in the PUT request, or targeted by a COPY or MOVE request MUST NOT specify an iCalendar UID property value already in use in the targeted calendar collection or overwrite an existing calendar object resource with one that has a different UID property value. Servers SHOULD report the URL of the resource that is already making use of the same UID property value in the DAV:resource element;

]]>

iCalendar provides a "standard mechanism for doing non-standard things". This extension support allows implementers to make use of non-standard components, properties and parameters whose names are prefixed with the text "X-". Servers MUST support the use of non-standard components, properties and parameters in calendar object resources stored via the PUT method. Servers MAY reject any non-standard components, properties and parameters that have specific values in calendar object resources stored via the PUT method. This allows the server to enforce rules for its own "private" values that it may use.

The DAV:getetag property MUST be defined and set to a strong entity tag on all calendar object resources. A response to a GET request targeted at a calendar object resource MUST contain an ETag response header field indicating the current value of the strong entity tag of the calendar object resource. A response to a PUT request MAY contain an ETag response header field indicating the current value of the entity tag for the calendar object resource just created or modified. As required by , a response to a PUT request with a strong entity tag MUST mean that the server will return on a subsequent GET request a calendar object resource that is equivalent by octet equality. A response to a PUT request MUST NOT contain an ETag response header field if the server will return on a subsequent GET request a calendar object resource that is not equivalent by octet equality to the submitted calendar object resource. In this case, the client SHOULD retrieve the new entity (and ETag) as a basis for further changes, rather than use the entity it had sent with the PUT request.

CalDAV servers MUST support and adhere to the requirements of WebDAV ACL. WebDAV ACL provides a framework for an extensible set of privileges that can be applied to WebDAV collections and ordinary resources. CalDAV servers MUST also support the calendaring privilege defined in this section.

Calendar users often wish to allow other users to see their busy time information, without viewing the other details of the calendar components (location, summary, attendees). This allows a significant amount of privacy while still allowing other users to schedule meetings at times when the user is likely to be free. The CALDAV:read-free-busy privilege controls which calendar collections and calendar object resources are examined when a CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT request is processed (see ). This privilege can be granted on calendar collections or calendar object resources. Servers MUST support this privilege on all calendar collections and calendar object resources.

]]> The CALDAV:read-free-busy privilege MUST be aggregated in the DAV:read privilege. Servers MUST allow the CALDAV:read-free-busy to be granted without the DAV:read privilege being granted. Clients should note that when only the CALDAV:read-free-busy privilege has been granted on a resource, this does not imply access to GET, HEAD, OPTIONS and PROPFIND on the resource -- those operations are governed by the DAV:read privilege.

This section defines an additional property for WebDAV principal resources as defined in .

calendar-home-set urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Identifies the URL of any WebDAV collections that contain calendar collections owned by the associated principal resource. This property MAY be protected and SHOULD NOT be returned by a PROPFIND DAV:allprop request (as defined in Section 12.14.1 of ). Support for this property is RECOMMENDED. The CALDAV:calendar-home-set property is meant to allow users to easily find the calendar collections owned by the principal. Typically, users will group all the calendar collections that they own under a common collection. This property specify the URL of collections that either are calendar collections or ordinary collections that have child or descendant calendar collections owned by the principal.

]]>

http://cal.example.com/home/bernard/calendars/ ]]>

This section defines the REPORTs that CalDAV servers MUST support on calendar collections and calendar object resources. CalDAV servers MUST advertise support for these REPORTs on all calendar collections and calendar object resources with the DAV:supported-report-set property defined in Section 3.1.5 of . CalDAV servers MAY also advertise support for these REPORTs on ordinary collections. Some of these REPORTs allow calendar data (from possibly multiple resources) to be returned.

The REPORT method (defined in Section 3.6 of ) provides an extensible mechanism for obtaining information about one or more resources. Unlike the PROPFIND method, which returns the value of one or more named properties, the REPORT method can involve more complex processing. REPORT is valuable in cases where the server has access to all of the information needed to perform the complex request (such as a query), and where it would require multiple requests for the client to retrieve the information needed to perform the same request. CalDAV servers MUST support the DAV:expand-property REPORT defined in Section 3.8 of .

Servers MAY support the REPORTs defined in this document on ordinary collections, that is, collections that are not calendar collections. In computing responses to the REPORTs defined in this document, servers MUST only consider calendar object resources contained in calendar collections, subject also to the value of the Depth request header.

iCalendar provides a way to specify DATE and DATE-TIME values that are not bound to any time zone in particular, hereafter called "floating date" and "floating time" respectively. These values are used to represent the same day, hour, minute and second value regardless of which time zone is being observed. For instance, the DATE value "20051111", represents November 11th, 2005 in no specific time zone, while the DATE-TIME value "20051111T111100" represents November 11th, 2005 at 11:11 AM in no specific time zone. CalDAV servers may need to convert "floating date" and "floating time" values in date with UTC time values in the processing of calendaring REPORT requests. For the CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT, CalDAV servers MUST rely on the value of the CALDAV:timezone XML element, if specified as part of the request body, to perform the proper conversion of "floating date" and "floating time" values to date with UTC time values. If the CALDAV:timezone XML element is not specified in the request body, CalDAV servers MUST rely on the value of the CALDAV:calendar-timezone property, if defined, else the CalDAV servers MAY rely on the time zone of their choice. For the CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT, CalDAV servers MUST rely on the value of the CALDAV:calendar-timezone property, if defined, to compute the proper FREEBUSY time period value as date with UTC time, for calendar components scheduled with "floating date" or "floating time". If the CALDAV:calendar-timezone property is not defined, CalDAV servers MAY rely on the time zone of their choice.

Some of the reports defined in this section can be targeted at calendar object resources within a specific time range. To determine whether a calendar object resource matches the time range filter element, the start and end times for the particular type of object are determined and then compared to the requested time range. If the start and end overlap the requested time range, then the calendar object resource matches the filter element. The rules defined in for determining the actual start and end times of calendar components MUST be used, along with the rules for determining overlap specified in of this document. When such time range filtering is used, special consideration must be given to recurring calendar components such as VEVENT and VTODO components. The server MUST expand recurring components to determine whether any recurrence instances overlap the specified time range. If one or more recurrence instances overlap the time range, then the calendar object resource matches the filter element.

In addition, CalDAV provides three ways to determine which components of a calendar object resource are returned from the recurrence set. The three options are: Return all the calendar components contained in the calendar object resources. This includes the component that defines the recurrence set, referred to as the "master component", as well as the components that define exceptions to the recurrence set, referred to as the "overridden components". According to the rules defined in all recurrence instances of a recurring component will always be contained in the same calendar object resource. Return the "master component" and only the "overridden components" that currently or originally overlap the specified time range. This avoids the need for clients to process "overridden components" outside of the time range they are interested in. See . Return "expanded" calendar components that represent only those recurrence instances in the recurrence set that overlap the specified time range. This avoids the need for clients to do any recurrence processing themselves as the server does the expansion for them and provides the list of instances. See .

Servers MUST support the use of non-standard component, property or parameter names in the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element in calendaring REPORT requests to allow clients to request that non-standard components, properties and parameters be returned in the calendar data provided in the response. Servers MAY support the use of non-standard component, property or parameter names in the CALDAV:comp-filter, CALDAV:prop-filter and CALDAV:param-filter XML elements specified in the CALDAV:filter XML element of calendaring REPORT requests. Servers MUST fail with the CALDAV:supported-filter precondition if a calendaring REPORT request uses a CALDAV:comp-filter, CALDAV:prop-filter or CALDAV:param-filter XML element that makes reference to a non-standard component, property or parameter name which the server does not support queries on.

The CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT performs a search for all calendar object resources that match a specified filter. The response of this REPORT will contain all the WebDAV properties and calendar object resource data specified in the request. In the case of the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element, one can explicitly specify the calendar components and properties that should be returned in the calendar object resource data that matches the filter. The format of this REPORT is modeled on the PROPFIND method. The request and response bodies of the CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT use XML elements that are also used by PROPFIND. In particular the request can include XML elements to request WebDAV properties to be returned. When that occurs the response should follow the same behavior as PROPFIND with respect to the DAV:multistatus response elements used to return specific property results. For instance, a request to retrieve the value of a property which does not exist is an error and MUST be noted with a response XML element which contains a 404 (Not Found) status value. Support for the CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT is REQUIRED. Marshalling: The request body MUST be a CALDAV:calendar-query XML element as defined in . The response body for a successful request MUST be a DAV:multistatus XML element (i.e., the response uses the same format as the response for PROPFIND). In the case where there are no response elements, the returned DAV:multistatus XML element is empty. The response body for a successful CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT request MUST contain a DAV:response element for each iCalendar object that matched the search filter. Calendar data is being returned in the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element inside the DAV:propstat XML element. Preconditions: (CALDAV:supported-calendar-data): The attributes "content-type" and "version" of the CALDAV:calendar-data XML elements specify a media type supported by the server for calendar object resources. (CALDAV:valid-filter): The CALDAV:filter XML element specified in the REPORT request MUST be valid. For instance, a CALDAV:filter cannot nest a ]]> element in a ]]> element, or a CALDAV:filter cannot nest a ]]> element in a ]]> element. (CALDAV:supported-filter): The CALDAV:comp-filter, CALDAV:prop-filter and CALDAV:param-filter XML elements used in the CALDAV:filter XML element in the REPORT request only makes reference to components, properties and parameters on which queries are supported by the server. Servers SHOULD report the CALDAV:comp-filter, CALDAV:prop-filter or CALDAV:param-filter for which it does not provide support.

]]> (CALDAV:valid-calendar-data): The time zone specified in the REPORT request MUST be a valid iCalendar object containing a single valid VTIMEZONE component. Postconditions: (DAV:number-of-matches-within-limits): The number of matching calendar object resources must fall within server-specific, predefined limits. For example, this condition might be triggered if a search specification would cause the return of an extremely large number of responses.

In this example, the client requests the server to return specific components and properties of the VEVENT components that overlap the time range from January 4th, 2006 at 00:00:00 AM UTC to January 5th, 2006 at 00:00:00 AM UTC. In addition the DAV:getetag property is also requested and returned as part of the response. Note that the first calendar object returned is a recurring event whose first instance lies outside of the requested time range, but whose third instance does overlap the time range. Note that due to the CALDAV:calendar-data element restrictions, the DTSTAMP property in VEVENT components has not been returned, and only the only property returned in the VCALENDAR object is VERSION.

>> Request <<

]]>

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd2.ics "fffff-abcd2"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 BEGIN:VTIMEZONE LAST-MODIFIED:20040110T032845Z TZID:US/Eastern BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20000404T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4 TZNAME:EDT TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:20001026T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10 TZNAME:EST TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060102T120000 DURATION:PT1H RRULE:FREQ=DAILY;COUNT=5 SUMMARY:Event #2 UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060104T140000 DURATION:PT1H RECURRENCE-ID;TZID=US/Eastern:20060104T120000 SUMMARY:Event #2 bis UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060106T140000 DURATION:PT1H RECURRENCE-ID;TZID=US/Eastern:20060106T120000 SUMMARY:Event #2 bis bis UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd3.ics "fffff-abcd3"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VTIMEZONE LAST-MODIFIED:20040110T032845Z TZID:US/Eastern BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20000404T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4 TZNAME:EDT TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:20001026T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10 TZNAME:EST TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT ATTENDEE;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED;ROLE=CHAIR:mailto:cyrus@example.com ATTENDEE;PARTSTAT=NEEDS-ACTION:mailto:lisa@example.com DTSTAMP:20060206T001220Z DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060104T100000 DURATION:PT1H LAST-MODIFIED:20060206T001330Z ORGANIZER:mailto:cyrus@example.com SEQUENCE:1 STATUS:TENTATIVE SUMMARY:Event #3 UID:DC6C50A017428C5216A2F1CD@example.com X-ABC-GUID:E1CX5Dr-0007ym-Hz@example.com END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

In this example, the client requests the server to return VEVENT components that overlap the time range from January 3rd, 2006 at 00:00:00 AM UTC to January 5th, 2006 at 00:00:00 AM UTC. Use of the CALDAV:limit-recurrence-set element causes the server to only return overridden recurrence components that overlap the time range specified in that element, or that affect other instances that overlap the time range (e.g., in the case of a "THISANDFUTURE" behavior). In this example the first overridden component in the matching resource is returned but the second one is not.

>> Request <<

]]>

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd2.ics "fffff-abcd2"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VTIMEZONE LAST-MODIFIED:20040110T032845Z TZID:US/Eastern BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20000404T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4 TZNAME:EDT TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:20001026T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10 TZNAME:EST TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20060206T001121Z DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060102T120000 DURATION:PT1H RRULE:FREQ=DAILY;COUNT=5 SUMMARY:Event #2 UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20060206T001121Z DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060104T140000 DURATION:PT1H RECURRENCE-ID;TZID=US/Eastern:20060104T120000 SUMMARY:Event #2 bis UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd3.ics "fffff-abcd3"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

In this example, the client requests the server to return VEVENT components that overlap the time range from January 2nd, 2006 at 00:00:00 AM UTC to January 5th, 2006 at 00:00:00 AM UTC and to return recurring calendar components expanded into individual recurrence instance calendar components. Use of the CALDAV:expand element causes the server to only return overridden recurrence instances that overlap the time range specified in that element.

>> Request <<

]]>

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd2.ics "fffff-abcd2"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20060206T001121Z DTSTART:20060103T170000 DURATION:PT1H RECURRENCE-ID:20060103T170000 SUMMARY:Event #2 UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20060206T001121Z DTSTART:20060104T190000 DURATION:PT1H RECURRENCE-ID:20060104T170000 SUMMARY:Event #2 bis UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd3.ics "fffff-abcd3"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VEVENT ATTENDEE;PARTSTAT=ACCEPTED;ROLE=CHAIR:mailto:cyrus@example.com ATTENDEE;PARTSTAT=NEEDS-ACTION:mailto:lisa@example.com DTSTAMP:20060206T001220Z DTSTART:20060104T150000 DURATION:PT1H LAST-MODIFIED:20060206T001330Z ORGANIZER:mailto:cyrus@example.com SEQUENCE:1 STATUS:TENTATIVE SUMMARY:Event #3 UID:DC6C50A017428C5216A2F1CD@example.com X-ABC-GUID:E1CX5Dr-0007ym-Hz@example.com END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

In this example, the client requests the server to return the VFREEBUSY components that have free busy information that overlap the time range from January 2nd, 2006 at 00:00:00 AM UTC (inclusively) to January 3rd, 2006 at 00:00:00 AM UTC (exclusively). Use of the CALDAV:limit-freebusy-set element causes the server to only return the FREEBUSY property values that overlap the time range specified in that element. Note that this is not an example of discovering when the calendar owner is busy.

>> Request <<

]]>

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd6.ics "fffff-abcd6"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

In this example, the client requests the server to return the VTODO components that have an alarm trigger scheduled in the specified time range.

>> Request <<

]]>

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd4.ics "fffff-abcd4"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VTODO DTSTAMP:20060205T235300Z DUE;TZID=US/Eastern:20060106T120000 LAST-MODIFIED:20060205T235308Z SEQUENCE:1 STATUS:NEEDS-ACTION SUMMARY:Task #2 UID:E10BA47467C5C69BB74E8720@example.com BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:AUDIO TRIGGER;RELATED=START:-PT10M END:VALARM END:VTODO END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

In this example, the client requests the server to return the VEVENT component that has the UID property set to "DC6C50A017428C5216A2F1CD@example.com".

>> Request <<

DC6C50A017428C5216A2F1CD@example.com

]]>

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd3.ics "fffff-abcd3"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

In this example, the client requests the server to return the VEVENT components that have the ATTENDEE property with the value "mailto:lisa@example.com" and for which the PARTSTAT parameter is set to "NEEDS-ACTION".

>> Request <<

mailto:lisa@example.com

NEEDS-ACTION

]]>

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd3.ics "fffff-abcd3"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

In this example, the client requests the server to return all VEVENT components.

>> Request <<

]]>

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd1.ics "fffff-abcd1"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd2.ics "fffff-abcd2"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VTIMEZONE LAST-MODIFIED:20040110T032845Z TZID:US/Eastern BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20000404T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4 TZNAME:EDT TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:20001026T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10 TZNAME:EST TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20060206T001121Z DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060102T120000 DURATION:PT1H RRULE:FREQ=DAILY;COUNT=5 SUMMARY:Event #2 UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20060206T001121Z DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060104T140000 DURATION:PT1H RECURRENCE-ID;TZID=US/Eastern:20060104T120000 SUMMARY:Event #2 bis UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20060206T001121Z DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060106T140000 DURATION:PT1H RECURRENCE-ID;TZID=US/Eastern:20060106T120000 SUMMARY:Event #2 bis bis UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd3.ics "fffff-abcd3"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

In this example, the client requests the server to return all VEVENT components that include an "X-ABC-GUID" property with a value matching "ABC". However, the server does not support querying that non-standard property and instead returns and error response.

>> Request <<

ABC

]]>

>> Response <<

]]>

The CALDAV:calendar-multiget REPORT is used to retrieve specific calendar object resources from within a collection, if the Request-URI is a collection, or to retrieve a specific calendar object resource, if the Request-URI is a calendar object resource. This REPORT is similar to the CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT (see ), except that it takes a list of DAV:href elements instead of a CALDAV:filter element to determine which calendar object resources to return. Support for the calendar-multiget REPORT is REQUIRED. Marshalling: The request body MUST be a CALDAV:calendar-multiget XML element (see ). If the Request-URI is a collection resource, then the DAV:href elements MUST refer to resources within that collection, and they MAY refer to resources at any depth within the collection. As a result the "Depth" header MUST be ignored by the server and SHOULD NOT be sent by the client. If the Request-URI refers to a non-collection resource, then there MUST be a single DAV:href element that is equivalent to the Request-URI. The response body for a successful request MUST be a DAV:multistatus XML element. The response body for a successful CALDAV:calendar-multiget REPORT request MUST contain a DAV:response element for each calendar object resource referenced by the provided set of DAV:href elements. Calendar data is being returned in the CALDAV:calendar-data element inside the DAV:prop element. In the case of an error accessing any of the provided DAV:href resources, the server MUST return the appropriate error status code in the DAV:status element of the corresponding DAV:response element. Preconditions: (CALDAV:supported-calendar-data): The attributes "content-type" and "version" of the CALDAV:calendar-data XML elements specify a media type supported by the server for calendar object resources. Postconditions: None.

In this example, the client requests the server to return specific properties of the VEVENT components referenced by specific URIs. In addition the DAV:getetag property is also requested and returned as part of the response. Note that in this example, the resource at http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/mtg1.ics does not exist, resulting in an error status response.

>> Request <<

/bernard/work/abcd1.ics /bernard/work/mtg1.ics ]]>

>> Response << http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd1.ics "fffff-abcd1"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/mtg1.ics HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found ]]>

The CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT generates a VFREEBUSY component containing free busy information for all the calendar object resources targeted by the request and which have the CALDAV:read-free-busy or DAV:read privilege granted to the current user. Only VEVENT components without a TRANSP property or with the TRANSP property set to "OPAQUE", and VFREEBUSY components SHOULD be considered to generate the free busy time information. In the case of VEVENT components, the free or busy time type (FBTYPE) of the FREEBUSY properties in the returned VFREEBUSY component SHOULD be derived from the value of the TRANSP and STATUS properties as outlined in the table below:

+---------------------------++------------------+ | VEVENT || VFREEBUSY | +-------------+-------------++------------------+ | TRANSP | STATUS || FBTYPE | +=============+=============++==================+ | | CONFIRMED || BUSY | | | (default) || | | OPAQUE +-------------++------------------+ | (default) | CANCELLED || FREE | | +-------------++------------------+ | | TENTATIVE || BUSY-TENTATIVE | | +-------------++------------------+ | | x-name || BUSY or | | | || x-name | +-------------+-------------++------------------+ | | CONFIRMED || | | TRANSPARENT | CANCELLED || FREE | | | TENTATIVE || | | | x-name || | +-------------+-------------++------------------+ Duplicate busy time periods with the same FBTYPE parameter value SHOULD NOT be specified in the returned VFREEBUSY component. Servers SHOULD coalesce consecutive or overlapping busy time period of the same type. Busy time periods with different FBTYPE parameter values MAY overlap. Support for the CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT is REQUIRED. Marshalling: The request body MUST be a CALDAV:free-busy-query XML element (see , which MUST contain exactly one CALDAV:time-range XML element, as defined in . The request MAY include a Depth header. If no Depth header is included, Depth:0 is assumed. The response body for a successful request MUST be an iCalendar object that contains exactly one VFREEBUSY component that describes the busy time intervals for the calendar object resources containing VEVENT or VFREEBUSY components that satisfy the Depth value and for which the current user is at least granted the CALDAV:read-free-busy privilege. If no calendar object resources are found to satisfy these conditions a VFREEBUSY component with no FREEBUSY property MUST be returned. This REPORT only returns busy time information. Free time information can be inferred from the returned busy time information. If the current user is not granted the CALDAV:read-free-busy or DAV:read privileges on the Request-URI, the CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT request MUST fail and return a 404 (Not Found) status value. This restriction will prevent users from discovering URLs of resources for which they are only granted the CALDAV:read-free-busy privilege. The CALDAV:free-busy-query REPORT request can only be run against a collection (either a regular collection or a calendar collection). An attempt to run the report on a calendar object resource MUST fail and return a 403 (Forbidden) status value. Preconditions: None. Postconditions: (DAV:number-of-matches-within-limits): The number of matching calendar object resources must fall within server-specific, predefined limits. For example, this postcondition might fail if the specified CALDAV:time-range would cause an extremely large number calendar object resources to be considered to compute the response.

In this example, the client requests the server to return free busy information on the calendar collection /bernard/work/, between 9:00 AM and 5:00 PM EST (2:00 PM and 10:00 PM UTC) on the 4th January 2006. The server responds indicating two busy time intervals of one hour, one of which is tentative.

>> Request <<

]]>

>> Response <<

There are a number of actions clients can take which will be legal (the server will not return errors) but which can degrade interoperability with other client implementations accessing the same data. For example, a recurrence rule could be replaced with a set of recurrence dates, a single recurring event could be replaced with a set of independent resources to represent each recurrence, or the start/end time values can be translated from the original time zone to another time zone. Although this advice amounts to iCalendar interoperability best practices and is not limited only to CalDAV usage, interoperability problems are likely to be more evident in CalDAV use cases.

WebDAV already provides functionality required to synchronize a collection or set of collections, make changes offline, and a simple way to resolve conflicts when reconnected. ETags are the key to making this work, but these are not required of all WebDAV servers. Since offline functionality is more important to calendar applications than to some other WebDAV applications, CalDAV servers MUST support ETags as specified in .

The REPORTs provided in CalDAV can be used by clients to optimize their performance in terms of network bandwidth usage, and resource consumption on the local client machine. Both are certainly major considerations for mobile or handheld devices with limited capacity, but they are also relevant to desktop client applications in cases where the calendar collections contain large amounts of data. Typically clients present calendar data to users in views that span a finite time interval, so whenever possible clients should only retrieve calendar components from the server using CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT combined with a CALDAV:time-range element to limit the set of returned components to just those needed to populate the current view.

Typically in a calendar, historical data (events, to-dos etc. that have completed prior to the current date) do not change, though they may be deleted. As a result, a client can speed up the synchronization process by only considering data for the present time and the future up to a reasonable limit (e.g., one week, one month). If the user then tries to examine a portion of the calendar outside of the range that has been synchronized, the client can perform another synchronization operation on the new time interval being examined. This "just-in-time" synchronization can minimize bandwidth for common user interaction behaviors.

If a client wants to support calendar data synchronization, as opposed to downloading calendar data each time it is needed, it needs to cache the calendar object resource's URI and ETag along with the actual calendar data. While the URI remains static for the lifetime of the calendar object resource, the ETag will change with each successive change to the calendar object resource. Thus to synchronize a local data cache with the server, the client can first fetch the URI/ETag pairs for the time interval being considered, and compare those results with the cached data. Any cached component whose ETag differs from that on the server needs to be refreshed. In order to properly detect the changes between the server and client data, the client will need to keep a record of which calendar object resources have been created, changed or deleted since the last synchronization operation so that it can reconcile those changes with the data on the server. Here's an example of how to do that: The client issues a CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT request for a specific time range, and asks for only the DAV:getetag property to be returned:

]]> The client then uses the results to determine which calendar object resources have changed, been created or deleted on the server and how those relate to locally cached calendar object resources that may have changed, been created or deleted. If the client determines that there are calendar object resources on the server that need to be fetched, the client issues a CALDAV:calendar-multiget REPORT request to fetch their calendar data:

/bernard/work/abcd1.ics /bernard/work/mtg1.ics ]]>

Clients may not need all the calendar properties of a calendar object resource when presenting information to the user. Since some calendar property values can be large (e.g., ATTACH or ATTENDEE) clients can choose to restrict the calendar properties to be returned in a calendaring REPORT request to those it knows it will use. However, if a client needs to make a change to a calendar object resource, it can only change the entire calendar object resource via a PUT request. There is currently no way to incrementally make a change to a set of calendar properties of a calendar object resource. As a result the client will have to get the entire calendar object resource that is being changed.

WebDAV locks can be used to prevent two clients modifying the same resource from either overwriting each others' changes (though that problem can also be solved by using ETags) or wasting time making changes that will conflict with another set of changes. In a multi-user calendar system, an interactive calendar client could lock an event while the user is editing the event, and unlock the event when the user finishes or cancels. Locks can also be used to prevent changes while data is being reorganized. For example, a calendar client might lock two calendar collections prior to moving a bunch of calendar resources from one to another. Clients are responsible for requesting a lock timeout period that is appropriate to the use case. When the user explicitly decides to reserve a resource and prevent other changes, a long timeout might be appropriate, but in cases when the client automatically decides to lock the resource the timeout should be short (and the client can always refresh the lock should it need to). A short lock timeout means that if the client is unable to remove the lock, the other calendar users aren't prevented from making changes.

Much of the time a calendar client (or agent) will discover a new calendar's location by being provided directly with the URL. E.g., a user will type his or her own calendar location into client configuration information, or copy and paste a URL from email into the calendar application. The client need only confirm that the URL points to a resource which is a calendar collection. The client may also be able to browse WebDAV collections to find calendar collections. The choice of HTTP URLs means that calendar object resources are backward compatible with existing software, but does have the disadvantage that existing software does not usually know to look at the OPTIONS response to that URL to determine what can be done with it. This is somewhat of a barrier for WebDAV usage as well as with CalDAV usage. This specification does not offer a way through this other than making the information available in the OPTIONS response should this be requested. For calendar sharing and scheduling use cases, one might wish to find the calendar belonging to another user. If the other user has a calendar in the same repository, that calendar can be found by using the principal namespace required by WebDAV ACL support. For other cases, the authors have no universal solution but implementors can consider whether to use vCard or LDAP standards together with calendar attributes. Because CalDAV requires servers to support WebDAV ACL including principal namespaces, and with the addition of the CALDAV:calendar-home-set property, there are a couple options for CalDAV clients to find one's own calendar or another user's calendar. In this case, a DAV:principal-match REPORT is used to find a named property (the CALDAV:calendar-home-set) on the Principal-URL of the current user. Using this, a WebDAV client can learn "who am I" and "where are my calendars". The REPORT request body looks like this:

]]> To find other users calendars, the DAV:principal-property-search REPORT can be used to filter on some properties and return others. To search for a calendar owned by a user named "Laurie", the REPORT request body would look like this:

Laurie

]]> The server performs a case-sensitive or caseless search for a matching string subset of "Laurie" within the DAV:displayname property. Thus, the server might return "Laurie Dusseault", "Laurier Desruisseaux" or "Wilfrid Laurier" all as matching DAV:displayname values, and the calendars for each of these.

CalDAV clients MAY create attachments in calendar components either as inline or external. This section contains some guidelines on creating and managing attachments.

CalDAV clients MUST support inline attachments as specified in iCalendar. CalDAV servers MUST support inline attachments, so clients can rely on being able to create attachments this way. On the other hand, inline attachments have some drawbacks: Servers MAY impose limitations on the size of calendar object resources (i.e., refusing PUT requests of very large iCalendar objects). Servers MAY impose storage quota limitations on calendar collections (See ). Any change to a calendar object resource containing an attachment requires the entire attachment to be re-uploaded. Clients synchronizing a changed calendar object resource have to download the entire calendar object resource even if the attachment is unchanged.

CalDAV clients MUST support external attachments: if the client accesses any calendar object resource it MUST be capable of also accessing the external attachment if one exists. An external attachment could be: In a collection in the calendar collection containing the calendar object resource; Somewhere else in the same repository that hosts the calendar collection; or On an HTTP or FTP server elsewhere. CalDAV servers MAY provide support for child collections in calendar collections. CalDAV servers MAY allow the MKCOL method to create child collections in calendar collections. Child collections of calendar collections MAY contain any type of resource except calendar collections which they MUST NOT contain. Some CalDAV servers won't allow child collections in calendar collections, and it may be possible on such a server to discover other locations where attachments can be stored. Clients are entirely responsible for maintaining reference consistency with calendar components that link to external attachments. A client deleting a calendar component with an external attachment might therefore also delete the attachment if that's appropriate, however appropriateness can be very hard to determine. A new component might easily reference some pre-existing Web resource which is intended to have independent existence from the calendar component (the "attachment" could be a major proposal to be discussed in a meeting, for instance). Best practices will probably emerge and should probably be documented but for now clients should be wary of engaging in aggressive "cleanup" of external attachments. A client could involve the user in making decisions about removing unreferenced documents, or a client could be conservative in only deleting attachments it had created. Also, clients are responsible for consistency of permissions when using external attachments. One reason for servers to support the storage of attachments within child collections of calendar collections is that ACL inheritance might make it easier to grant the same permissions to attachments that are granted on the calendar collection. Otherwise, it can be very difficult to keep permissions synchronized. With attachments stored on separate repositories, it can be impossible to keep permissions consistent -- the two repositories may not support the same permissions or have the same set of principals. Some systems have used tickets or other anonymous access control mechanisms to provide partially satisfactory solutions to these kinds of problems.

Note that all CalDAV calendar collections (including those which the user might treat as public or group calendars) can contain alarm information on events and to-dos. Users can synchronize a calendar between multiple devices and decide to have alarms execute on a different device than the device that created the alarm. Not all alarm action types are completely interoperable (e.g., those which name a sound file to play). When the action is "AUDIO", and the client is configured to execute the alarm, the client SHOULD play the suggested sound if it's available or play another sound, but SHOULD NOT rewrite the alarm just to replace the suggested sound with a sound that's locally available. When the action is "DISPLAY", and the client is configured to execute the alarm, the client SHOULD execute a display alarm by displaying either according to the suggested description or some reasonable replacement, but SHOULD NOT rewrite the alarm for its own convenience. When the action is "EMAIL", and the client is incapable of sending email, it SHOULD ignore the alarm but MUST continue to synchronize the alarm itself. This specification makes no recommendations about executing alarm of type PROCEDURE except to note that clients are advised to take care to avoid creating security holes by executing these. Non-interoperable alarm information (e.g., should somebody define a color to be used in a display alarm) should be put in non-standard properties inside the VALARM component in order to keep the basic alarm usable on all devices. Clients that allow changes to calendar object resources MUST synchronize the alarm data that already exists in the resources. Clients MAY execute alarms that are downloaded in this fashion, possibly based on user preference. If a client is only doing read operations on a calendar and there is no risk of losing alarm information, then the client MAY discard alarm information. This specification makes no attempt to provide multi-user alarms on group calendars or to find out who an alarm is intended for. Addressing those issues might require extensions to iCalendar, for example to store alarms per-user or indicate which user a VALARM was intended for. In the meantime, clients might maximize interoperability by generally not uploading alarm information to public, group or resource calendars.

calendar urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies the resource type of a calendar collection. See .

]]>

mkcalendar urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies a request that lists the WebDAV property values to be set for a calendar collection resource. See .

]]>

mkcalendar-response urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies a response body for a successful MKCALENDAR request. See .

]]>

calendar-query urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Defines a REPORT for querying calendar object resources. See .

]]>

calendar-data urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Used to (1) specify a supported media type for calendar object resources when nested in the CALDAV:supported-calendar-data property; (2) specify which parts of a calendar object resource should be returned by a given calendaring REPORT; and (3) specify the content of a calendar object resource in a response to a calendaring REPORT. When nested in the CALDAV:supported-calendar-data property, the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element specifies a media type supported by the CalDAV server for calendar object resources. When used in a calendaring REPORT request, the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element specifies which parts of calendar object resources need to be returned in the response. If the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element doesn't contain any CALDAV:comp element, calendar object resources will be returned in their entirety. Finally, when used in a calendaring REPORT response, the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element specifies the content of a calendar object resource. Given that XML parsers normalizes the two-character sequence CRLF (US-ASCII decimal 13 and US-ASCII decimal 10) to a single LF character (US-ASCII decimal 10), the CR character (US-ASCII decimal 13) MAY be omitted in calendar object resources specified in the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element. Furthermore, calendar object resources specified in the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element MAY be invalid per their media type specification if the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element part of the calendaring REPORT request did not specify required properties (e.g., UID, DTSTAMP, etc.) or specified a CALDAV:prop XML element with the "novalue" attribute set to "yes". The CALDAV:calendar-data XML element is specified in requests and responses inside the DAV:prop XML element as if it were a WebDAV property. However, the CALDAV:calendar-data XML element is not a WebDAV property and as such it is not returned in PROPFIND responses nor used in PROPPATCH requests.

PCDATA value: iCalendar object version CDATA "2.0"> content-type value: a MIME media type version value: a version string ]]>

comp urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Defines which component types to return. The name value is a calendar component name (e.g., "VEVENT").

name value: a calendar component name ]]> The CALDAV:prop and CALDAV:allprop elements have the same name as the DAV:prop and DAV:allprop elements defined in . However, the CALDAV:prop and CALDAV:allprop element are defined in the "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" namespace instead of the "DAV:" namespace.

allcomp urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies that all components shall be returned. The CALDAV:allcomp XML element can be used when the client wants all types of components returned by a calendaring REPORT request.

]]>

allprop urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies that all properties shall be returned. The CALDAV:allprop XML element can be used when the client wants all properties of components returned by a calendaring REPORT request.

]]> The CALDAV:allprop element has the same name as the DAV:allprop element defined in . However, the CALDAV:allprop element is defined in the "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" namespace instead of the "DAV:" namespace.

prop urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Defines which properties to return in the response. The "name" attribute specifies the name of the calendar property to return (e.g., "ATTENDEE"). The "novalue" attribute can be used by clients to request that the actual value of the property not be returned (if the "novalue" attribute is set to "yes"). In that case the server will return just the iCalendar property name and any iCalendar parameters and a trailing ":" without the subsequent value data.

name value: a calendar property name novalue value: "yes" or "no" ]]> The CALDAV:prop element has the same name as the DAV:prop element defined in . However, the CALDAV:prop element is defined in the "urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav" namespace instead of the "DAV:" namespace.

expand urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Forces the server to expand recurring components into individual recurrence instances. The CALDAV:expand XML element specifies that for a given calendaring REPORT request the server MUST expand the recurrence set into calendar components that define exactly one recurrence instance and MUST return only those whose scheduled time intersect a specified time range. The "start" attribute specifies the inclusive start of the time range, and the "end" attribute specifies the non-inclusive end of the time range. Both attributes are specified as date with UTC time value. The server MUST use the same logic as defined for CALDAV:time-range to determine if a recurrence instance intersects the specified time range. Recurring components, other than the initial instance, MUST include a RECURRENCE-ID property indicating which instance they refer to. The returned calendar components MUST NOT use recurrence properties (i.e., EXDATE, EXRULE, RDATE and RRULE) and MUST NOT have reference to or include VTIMEZONE components. Date and local time with reference to time zone information MUST be converted into date with UTC time.

start value: an iCalendar "date with UTC time" end value: an iCalendar "date with UTC time" ]]>

limit-recurrence-set urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies a time range to limit the set of "overridden components" returned by the server. The CALDAV:limit-recurrence-set XML element specifies that for a given calendaring REPORT request the server MUST only return the "master component" as well as the "overridden components" that specify one or more recurrence instances whose current scheduled time or original scheduled time intersect a specified time range. The "start" attribute specifies the inclusive start of the time range, and the "end" attribute specifies the non-inclusive end of the time range. Both attributes are specified as date with UTC time value. The server MUST use the same logic as defined for CALDAV:time-range to determine if the current or original scheduled time of an "overridden" recurrence instance intersect the specified time range. Overridden components that have a RANGE parameter on their RECURRENCE-ID property may specify one or more instances in the recurrence set, and some of those instances may fall within the specified time range, or may have originally fallen within the specified time range prior to being overridden. If that is the case, the overridden component MUST be included in the results as it has a direct impact on the interpretation of instances within the specified time range.

start value: an iCalendar "date with UTC time" end value: an iCalendar "date with UTC time" ]]>

limit-freebusy-set urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies a time range to limit the set of FREEBUSY values returned by the server. The CALDAV:limit-freebusy-set XML element specifies that for a given calendaring REPORT request the server MUST only return the FREEBUSY property values of a VFREEBUSY component that intersect a specified time range. The "start" attribute specifies the inclusive start of the time range, and the "end" attribute specifies the non-inclusive end of the time range. Both attributes are specified as "date with UTC time" value. The server MUST use the same logic as defined for CALDAV:time-range to determine if a FREEBUSY property value intersect the specified time range.

start value: an iCalendar "date with UTC time" end value: an iCalendar "date with UTC time" ]]>

filter urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies a filter to limit the set of calendar components returned by the server. The CALDAV:filter XML element specifies the search filter used to limit the calendar components returned by a calendaring REPORT request.

]]>

comp-filter urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies search criteria on calendar components. The CALDAV:comp-filter XML element specifies the queried calendar component type (e.g., "VEVENT"). A calendar object resource is said to match a CALDAV:comp-filter if it contains calendar components of the type specified by the "name" attribute, and that it contains at least one recurrence instance scheduled to overlap a given time range if a CALDAV:time-range XML element is specified, and that any CALDAV:prop-filter and CALDAV:comp-filter child elements also matches.

name value: a calendar component name (e.g., "VEVENT") ]]>

prop-filter urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies search criteria on calendar properties. The CALDAV:prop-filter XML element specifies a search criteria on a specific calendar property (e.g., CATEGORIES) in the scope of a given CALDAV:comp-filter. A calendar component is said to match a CALDAV:prop-filter if it defines the property specified by the "name" attribute, and that it matches the CALDAV:time-range or CALDAV:text-match conditions if specified, and that any CALDAV:param-filter child elements also matches.

name value: a calendar property name (e.g., "ATTENDEE") ]]>

param-filter urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Limits the search to specific parameter values. The CALDAV:param-filter XML element specifies a search criteria on a specific calendar property parameter (e.g., PARTSTAT) in the scope of a given CALDAV:prop-filter. A calendar property is said to match a CALDAV:param-filter if it defines the parameter specified by the "name" attribute, and that it matches the CALDAV:text-match condition if specified.

name value: a property parameter name (e.g., "PARTSTAT") ]]>

text-match urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies a substring match on a property or parameter value. The CALDAV:text-match XML element specifies text used for a substring match against the property or parameter value specified in a calendaring REPORT request. The "caseless" attribute indicates whether the match is case-sensitive (value set to "no") or case-insensitive (value set to "yes"). The default value is server-specified. Caseless matching SHOULD be implemented as defined in section 5.18 of the Unicode Standard (). Support for the "caseless" attribute is REQUIRED. A server MAY ignore the caseless attribute when applied to enumerated iCalendar property or parameter values, and default to caseless matching for those values, since they are defined as being case-insensitive in iCalendar.

PCDATA value: string ]]>

timezone urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies the time zone component to use when determining the results of a report. The CALDAV:timezone XML element specifies that for a given calendaring REPORT request the server MUST rely on the specified VTIMEZONE component instead of the CALDAV:calendar-timezone property of the calendar collection in which the calendar object resource is contained to resolve "date" values and "date with local time" values (i.e., floating time) to "date with UTC time" values. The server will require this information to determine if a calendar component scheduled with "date" values or "date with local time" values intersect a CALDAV:time-range specified in a CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT.

PCDATA value: an iCalendar object with exactly one VTIMEZONE ]]>

time-range urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Specifies a time range to limit the set of calendar components returned by the server. The CALDAV:time-range XML element specifies that for a given calendaring REPORT request the server MUST only return the calendar object resources that, depending on the context, have a component or property or parameter whose value intersect a specified time range. The "start" attribute specifies the inclusive start of the time range, and the "end" attribute specifies the non-inclusive end of the time range. Both attributes are specified as "date with UTC time" value. While the "start" and "end" attributes are not required to allow time ranges opened at one end, at least one of them MUST be specified in the CALDAV:time-range element. A VEVENT component overlaps a given time range if:

start) OR (DTSTART <= start AND DTSTART+DURATION > start) OR (DTSTART >= start AND DTSTART < end) OR (DTEND > start AND DTEND <= end) ]]> A VEVENT component with no DTSTART and DTEND properties does not overlap any time range. A VTODO component overlaps a given time range if:

= start) OR (DTSTART <= start AND DTSTART+DURATION > start) OR (DTSTART >= start AND DTSTART < end) OR (DUE >= start AND DUE < end) ]]> A VTODO component with no DTSTART and DUE properties does not overlap any time range. A VJOURNAL component overlaps a given time range if:

= start AND DTSTART < end ]]> A VJOURNAL component with no DTSTART property does not overlap any time range. A VFREEBUSY component overlaps a given time range if for any of its FREEBUSY property value the following condition holds:

= start AND freebusy-period-end < end ]]> A VFREEBUSY component with no FREEBUSY property does not overlap any time range. A VALARM component overlaps a given time range if:

= start AND trigger-time < end ]]> A VALARM component can be defined such that it triggers repeatedly. Such a VALARM component is said to overlap a given time range if at least one of its trigger overlap the time range. The calendar properties COMPLETED, CREATED, DTSTAMP and LAST-MODIFIED overlaps a given time range

= start AND date-time < end ]]> The semantic of CALDAV:time-range is not defined for any other calendar properties.

start value: an iCalendar "date with UTC time" end value: an iCalendar "date with UTC time" ]]>

calendar-multiget urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav CalDAV REPORT used to retrieve specific calendar object resources. See .

]]>

free-busy-query urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav CalDAV REPORT used to generate a VFREEBUSY to determine busy time over a specific time range. See .

]]>

CalDAV allows internationalized strings to be stored and retrieved for the description of calendar collections (see ).

HTTP protocol transactions are sent in the clear over the network unless protection from snooping is negotiated. This can be accomplished by use of TLS as defined in . In particular, HTTP Basic authentication MUST NOT be used unless TLS is in effect. Servers MUST take adequate precautions to ensure malicious clients cannot consume excessive server resources (CPU, memory, disk, etc.) through carefully crafted reports. For example, a client could upload an event with a recurrence rule that specifies a recurring event occurring every second for the next 100 years which would result in approximately 3 x 10^9 instances! A REPORT that asks for recurrences to be expanded over that range would likely constitute a denial-of-service attack on the server. When creating new resources (including calendar collections), clients MUST ensure that the resource name (the last path segment of the resource URI) assigned to the new resource does not expose any data from within the iCalendar resource itself and information about the nature of a calendar collection. This is required to ensure that the presence of a specific iCalendar component or nature of components in a collection cannot be inferred based on the name of a resource. Security considerations described in iCalendar and iTIP are also applicable to CalDAV. Beyond these, CalDAV does not raise any security considerations that are not present in HTTP and WebDAV , , , as discussed in those documents.

This document uses one new URN to identify a new XML namespace. The URN conforms to a registry mechanism described in .

Registration request for the CalDAV namespace: URI: urn:ietf:params:xml:ns:caldav Registrant Contact: See the "Author's Address" section of this document. XML: None. Namespace URIs do not represent an XML specification.

The authors would like to thank the following individuals for contributing their ideas and support for writing this specification: Michael Arick, Mario Bonin, Chris Bryant, Scott Carr, Mike Douglass, Helge Hess, Dan Mosedale, Kervin L. Pierre, Julian F. Reschke, Mike Shaver, Simon Vaillancourt, Wilfredo Sanchez Vega and Jim Whitehead. The authors would also like to thank the Calendaring and Scheduling Consortium for advice with this specification, and for organizing interoperability testing events to help refine it.

&rfc2119; &rfc2246; &rfc2445; &rfc2446; &rfc2518; &rfc2616; &rfc2818; &rfc3253; &rfc3688; &rfc3744; &W3C.REC-xml-20040204; The Unicode Standard, Version 4.0 The Unicode Consortium &rfc2251; &rfc2426; &rfc2739; &I-D.ietf-webdav-quota;

The following table extends the WebDAV Method Privilege Table specified in Appendix B of . METHODPRIVILEGES MKCALENDARDAV:bind REPORTDAV:read or CALDAV:read-free-busy (on all referenced resources)

This appendix shows the calendar object resources contained in the calendar collection queried in the examples throughout this document. The content of the calendar collection is being shown as it would be returned by a CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT request designed to return all the calendar data in the collection:

>> Request <<

>> Response <<

http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd1.ics "fffff-abcd1"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd2.ics "fffff-abcd2"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VTIMEZONE LAST-MODIFIED:20040110T032845Z TZID:US/Eastern BEGIN:DAYLIGHT DTSTART:20000404T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=1SU;BYMONTH=4 TZNAME:EDT TZOFFSETFROM:-0500 TZOFFSETTO:-0400 END:DAYLIGHT BEGIN:STANDARD DTSTART:20001026T020000 RRULE:FREQ=YEARLY;BYDAY=-1SU;BYMONTH=10 TZNAME:EST TZOFFSETFROM:-0400 TZOFFSETTO:-0500 END:STANDARD END:VTIMEZONE BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20060206T001121Z DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060102T120000 DURATION:PT1H RRULE:FREQ=DAILY;COUNT=5 SUMMARY:Event #2 UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT BEGIN:VEVENT DTSTAMP:20060206T001121Z DTSTART;TZID=US/Eastern:20060104T140000 DURATION:PT1H RECURRENCE-ID;TZID=US/Eastern:20060104T120000 SUMMARY:Event #2 bis UID:00959BC664CA650E933C892C@example.com END:VEVENT END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd3.ics "fffff-abcd3"

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd4.ics "fffff-abcd4"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VTODO DTSTAMP:20060205T235335Z DUE;VALUE=DATE:20060104 STATUS:NEEDS-ACTION SUMMARY:Task #1 UID:DDDEEB7915FA61233B861457@example.com BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:AUDIO TRIGGER;RELATED=START:-PT10M END:VALARM END:VTODO END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd5.ics "fffff-abcd5"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VTODO DTSTAMP:20060205T235300Z DUE;VALUE=DATE:20060106 LAST-MODIFIED:20060205T235308Z SEQUENCE:1 STATUS:NEEDS-ACTION SUMMARY:Task #2 UID:E10BA47467C5C69BB74E8720@example.com BEGIN:VALARM ACTION:AUDIO TRIGGER;RELATED=START:-PT10M END:VALARM END:VTODO END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK http://cal.example.com/bernard/work/abcd6.ics "fffff-abcd6"

BEGIN:VCALENDAR VERSION:2.0 PRODID:-//Example Corp.//CalDAV Client//EN BEGIN:VFREEBUSY ORGANIZER;CN="Bernard Desruisseaux":mailto:bernard@example.com UID:76ef34-54a3d2@example.com DTSTAMP:20050530T123421Z DTSTART:20060101T000000Z DTEND:20060108T000000Z FREEBUSY:20050531T230000Z/20050601T010000Z FREEBUSY;FBTYPE=BUSY-TENTATIVE:20060102T100000Z/20060102T120000Z FREEBUSY:20060103T100000Z/20060103T120000Z FREEBUSY:20060104T100000Z/20060104T120000Z FREEBUSY;FBTYPE=BUSY-UNAVAILABLE:20060105T100000Z/20060105T120000Z FREEBUSY:20060106T100000Z/20060106T120000Z END:VFREEBUSY END:VCALENDAR

HTTP/1.1 200 OK ]]>

Added new section about support for X- items when storing data. Added new precondition to allow servers to reject queries on unsupported X- items, and a new example. Added new text about always supporting X- in calendar-data. Created new section for PUT, COPY and MOVE preconditions. Report examples re-done with full listing of calendar data in Appendix. Removed description of using UID, SUMMARY etc as resource name. Indicate that calendar object resource may contain only overridden components. Add security consideration about not expose details in resource names. Add constraint that free-busy-query can only be run on a collection. Add preconditions for calendar-timezone property/elements in MKCALENDAR, PROPPATCH and calendar-query REPORT. Fix principal-match example.

Numerous editorial changes. Removed the CALDAV:is-defined XML element. Removed section on privilege aggregation. Renamed the CALDAV:expand-recurrence-set XML element to CALDAV:expand and clarified the server behavior. Renamed the CALDAV:calendar-component-restriction-set XML element to CALDAV:supported-calendar-component-set. Renamed the CALDAV:calendar-restrictions XML element to CALDAV:supported-calendar-data. Renamed some preconditions as "success conditions" instead of "failure causes". For instance, the precondition CALDAV:calendar-collection-location-bad has been renamed to CALDAV:calendar-collection-location-ok. Reordered some sections. Clarified the definition of CALDAV:time-range to specify that a repeating VALARM component is said to intersect a given time range if at least one of its trigger intersect the time range. Clarified that calendar object resources stored in calendar collections MUST NOT specify the iCalendar METHOD property. Clarified that CALDAV:calendar-data XML element is not a WebDAV property even though it is specified in the DAV:prop XML element in both calendaring REPORT requests and responses. Clarified CALDAV:limit-recurrence-set with respect to the RANGE parameter on the RECURRENCE-ID property. Changed the CALDAV:free-busy-query XML element to contain exactly one CALDAV:time-range XML element. Changed many ELEMENT and ATTLIST declarations to comply with DTD syntax. Changed XML element CALDAV:calendar-query to allow new XML element CALDAV:timezone. Changed the XML elements CALDAV:time-range, CALDAV:expand and CALDAV:limit-recurrence-set to only allow DATE-TIME with UTC time values for the "start" and "end" attributes. Changed description of CALDAV:limit-recurrence-set to specify that re-scheduled "overridden" recurrence instances whose original scheduled time used to overlap the time range specified by the "start" and "end" attribute should always be returned in a REPORT response. Changed the description of the value of CALDAV:calendar-data XML element to specify that the CR character (US-ASCII decimal 13) MAY be omitted in the iCalendar object specified in this XML element. Added specific requirements for entity tags support. Added more preconditions. Added further guidelines about finding calendars. Added XML element CALDAV:limit-freebusy-set to limit the set of FREEBUSY property values returned in VFREEBUSY components. Added property CALDAV:calendar-timezone on calendar collections. Added XML element CALDAV:timezone to override the CALDAV:calendar-timezone property for a given CALDAV:calendar-query REPORT request. Added text on the conversion of "floating date" and "floating time" values to date with UTC time values. Completed internationalization considerations section. Completed security considerations section.

Removed statement that said that client SHOULD always request DAV:getetag in calendar REPORTs. Removed redefiniton of DAV:response. Removed XML elements CALDAV:calendar-data-only. Removed resource type CALDAV:calendar-home. Moved the CALDAV:calendar-data element in the DAV:prop element in requests, and in the DAV:propstat element in responses. Further defined the request body of MKCALENDAR to allow clients to set properties at calendar collection creation time. Renamed CALDAV:calendar-home-URL to CALDAV:calendar-home-set Clarified the fact that calendar collections may only contain calendar object resources and ordinary collections. Clarified that calendar REPORTs should only be applied to calendar object resources contained in calendar collections. Changed the CALDAV:calendar-component-restriction-set and CALDAV:calendar-restriction properties to always be protected. Changed to use existing postcondition DAV:needs-privileges instead of a new CALDAV:insufficient-privilege postcondition. Added example for limit-recurrence-set. Added example for expand-recurrence-set. Moved CALDAV:calendar-address-set in the calendar-schedule draft and renamed it to CALDAV:calendar-user-address-set. Added guidelines on attachments and alarms.

Various editorial changes. Added properties calendar-restrictions and calendar-component-restriction-set on calendar collections. Added properties calendar-home-URL and calendar-address-set on principal resources. Removed property calendar-URL on principal resources. Added pre- and postconditions to reports. Added new XML elements calendar-data-only and limit-recurrent-set. Modified calendar-data XML element to support the attributes content-type and version. Reorganised sections 3, 4, 5 & 6 into two sections and re-ordered sub-sections. Added comment about client not setting a duplicate displayname. Removed three CalDAV OPTIONS requests. Changed "authenticated user" to "user" in various places. Rewrote section on calendar object resource restrictions for better clarity.

Reworded section "Recurrence and the Data Model". Removed timezone collection feature. Removed ability for a server to return the Location header on a successful PUT request. Clarified restrictions on calendar object resources contained in calendar collections. Added preconditions on PUT in calendar collections. Added informative "Guidelines" section, with information on locking and how to find calendar collections. Moved "Sychronization Operations" section in the "Guidelines" section.

Removed a lot of non-normative text. Removed property promotion/demotion requirements. Removed calendar-owner and cal-scale properties. Removed 'ical' prefix/text from element names. Relaxed WebDAV Class 2 (locking) requirement to a MAY. Relaxed MKCALENDAR requirement to a SHOULD. Moved the XML Namespace section in the Introduction. Added CALDAV: prefix to CalDAV XML elements in the text. Added CALDAV:calendar-multiget report. Added CALDAV:free-busy-query report. Added CALDAV:calendar-description property. Changed CALDAV:calendar-query-result element name to CALDAV:calendar-data Added description and examples of handling timezones. Added mandatory "start" and "end" attributes to the CALDAV:expand-recurrence-set element. Added three CalDAV OPTIONS requests. Grouped XML Element declarations in a separate section.

Added a note about the HTTP Location response header. Added report calendar-query. Removed reports calendar-property-search and calendar-time-range. Removed section on CalDAV and timezones. Added requirement to return ETag on creation. Revised data model to remove sub-collections from calendar collection. Added informative references section. Removed dependencies on DASL.

Removed Calendar Containers (simplification that doesn't seem to remove much functionality) Added MKCALENDAR to create calendars and all sub-collections Added cal-scale property to calendars

Basically still adding major sections of content: Defined new field values to the OPTIONS "DAV:" response header Added new resource properties Added new principal properties Added new SCHEDULE method and related headers Added new privileges for scheduling

Added section on privileges for calendaring, extending WebDAV ACL privilege set Defined what to do with unrecognized properties in the bodies of iCalendar events, with respect to property promotion/demotion